Background Congenital blepharoptosis is a common disorder of eyelid movement.Overseas research showed that the most likely mechanism of congenital blepharoptosis is the hypoplasia of levator.But the study on Chinese is still lack.Objective This study was to investigate the pathological features of hypoplasia in levator aponeurosis in Chinese congenital blepharoptosis patients.Methods Twenty-one patients with congenital blepharoptosis were divided into mild group (3 cases),moderate group (14 cases) and severe group (4 cases).Samples of the levator aponeurosis were obtained during the levator palpebrae superioris muscle shortening surgery.Hematoxylin-eosin,special staining and immunohistochemistry were performed to analyze the characteristics of the samples.Normal samples of fresh levator aponeurosis were obtained from the donors in the eye bank of Beijign Tongren Hospital.Results Hematoxylin-eosin staining and special staining showed that with the increase of severity,the cases of levator fibers sparse,fibrous tissue hyperplasia and endomysium defect were gradually increased,showing significant differences among the different groups (Z =-0.702,P =0.002 ; Z =0.738,P ＜ 0.001 ; Z =0.746,P ＜ 0.001).Four samples (19％) presented with adipose in the interstitial tissue.Immunohistochemistry showed that the expression of muscle proteins myosin was weaker in the levator aponeurosis of patients with congenital blepharoptosis than that in the normal samples,and the expression intensity of collagen type Ⅲ in the samples enhanced in comparison with the normal samples.However,there were no significant differences in the expression of actin,myoglobin,fibronection,collagen type Ⅵ and laminin among various groups (all at P＞0.05).Conclusions The levator aponeurosis appears developing abnormality in Chinese patients with congenital blepharoptosis.The histopathological change degree is parallel with the severity of congenital blepharoptosis.

Molecular imprinting technique (MIT) involves the synthesis of polymer in the presence of a template to produce complementary binding sites in terms of its size, shape and functional group orientation. Such kind of polymer possesses specific recognition ability towards its template molecule. Despite the rapid development of MIT over the years, the majority of the template molecules that have been studied are small molecules, while molecular imprinting of proteins remains a significant yet challenging task due to their large size, structural flexibility and complex conformation. This review, we summarized the research findings over the past years, and discussed the nano-reinforcing materials used to prepare molecular imprinting of proteins and the perspective of these nano-reinforcing materials.
Binding Sites ; Molecular Conformation ; Molecular Imprinting ; Nanostructures ; chemistry ; Polymers ; chemistry ; Proteins ; chemistry

Objective To determine the incidence and risk factors of iatrogenic retinal breaks in eyes undergoing pars plana vit- rectomy for idiopathic macular pucker.Design Retrospective case series.Participant 88 consecutive vitrectomies performed on eyes with idiopathic macular pucker.Method Consecutive vitrectomies performed on eyes with idiopathic macular pucker at Beijing Tongren Eye Center between 2002 and 2006 were retrospectively reviewed.Cases with iatrogenic retinal breaks were recorded and analyzed. Main Outcome Measure Number and location of retinal breaks,and anatomic outcome after surgical managements.Result A total of 88 consecutive vitrectomies were included in the study.Of the 88 eyes,8 eyes had 14 iatrogenic retinal breaks detected,with an aver- age incidence of 9.1%.Peripheral retinal breaks(8.0%)were more common than posterior retinal breaks(1.1%).All peripheral retinal breaks occurred around the selerotomy sites(100%)and the quadrant of predominant hand was involved most commonly(62%).Most of the breaks(88%)were detected during the surgery.All eyes with iatrogenic retinal breaks obtained anatomic retinal reattachment (100%).Conclusion Despite improvements in instrumentation and surgical techniques,iatrogenic retinal break continues to be an im- portant complication of pars plana vitrectomy in eyes with idiopathic macular pucker.This complication tends to occur more commonly at peripheral retina and is mainly selerotomy-related.

Objective To explore the early clinical efficacy of posteromedial approach for treatment of posterior bicondylar tibial plateau fractures.Methods From October 2010 to December 2013,data of 13 patients of posterior bicondylar tibial plateau fracture who were treated with plate and screw fixation through posteromedial approach were retrospectively analyzed.There were8 males and 5 females,in which 7 cases located in the left knee and 6 cases located in the right knee,with an average age of 41.5±6.6 years.An inverted L shaped posteromedial incision was made in the operation.If the fracture line was involving the posteromedial condyle,a locking anatomical plate or L shaped compression plate was used.A 3.5 mm T shaped plate was used to support the posterolateral condyle.Allogeneic bone was used to support the articular surface in the cases with obvious bone defect.Rasmussen score was used for radiological assessment,and HSS knee score was used for efficacy assessment 12 months postoperative.An anteroposterior view and lateral view of the knee were obtained 2,4,12 weeks,6 months and 12 months postoperation.The fracture healing time was judged by X-ray and clinical examinations,additionally,the complications and corresponding outcomes were also recorded.Results All 13 patients had obtained an average of 20.8±9.4 months follow-up (range,8-34 months),and all fractures were healed.The healing time in terms of X-ray was 12 to 24 weeks (mean,15.6±5.2 weeks).After surgery,the Rasmussen score was 1-18 points (mean 15.8 points).7 cases achieved excellent results,4 good,and 2 fair.The excellent and good rate was 84.6％.HSS knee score improved significantly from 38.2±7.8 points (range,26-48 points) to 85.2±7.8 points (range,56-92 points) 12 months postoperation,and the results was excellent in 9 cases,good in 2,fair in 1 and poor in 1,with total excellence and good result of 84.6％.The range of knee activity was 95°-130°.None of the skin and soft tissue complications such as infection,breakage of screw loosening occurred at the time of the latest follow-up,but two cases got chronic pain in the knee postoperation.In the follow-up period,a mild knee gap narrows had been observed in one patient and traumatic arthritis was diagnosed.The pain was partial relieved by oral non-steroidal drugs and intra-articular injection of Sodium Hyaluronate.The other one's pain was significantly relieved by oral non-steroidal drugs,and X ray film shows the knee joint gap has no obvious narrow.Conclusion Posteromedial approach for treatment of posterior bicondylar tibial plateau fractures can obtain a satisfactory therapeutic effect.

DNA microarrays have been acknowledged to represent a promising approach for the detection of viral pathogens. However, the probes designed for current arrays could cover only part of the given viral variants, that could result in false-negative or ambiguous data. If all the variants are to be covered, the requirement for more probes would render much higher spot density and thus higher cost of the arrays. Here we have developed a new strategy for oligonucleotide probe design. Using type I human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) tat gene as an example, we designed the array probes and validated the optimized parameters in silico. Results show that the oligo number is significantly reduced comparing with the existing methods, while specificity and hybridization efficiency remain intact. The adoption of this method in reducing the oligo numbers could increase the detection capacity for DNA microarrays, and would significantly lower the manufacturing cost for making array chips.

Objective: To study the biocompatibility of CFR/PEEK composite in bone tissue after implanted in lumbar intervertebral space and to evaluate its role in the interbody fusion compared to the allograft bone. Methods: Thirteen beagles were chosen among which 7 were implanted with the disk-like CFR/PEEK composite in the lumbar intervertebral space and the other 6 were implanted with allograft bone. X-ray, QCT and histological examination were employed at 6, 12 and 24 months postoperatively. Results: The X-ray results of fusion segment were in conformity with the QCT's as well as that of histological results. All animals obtained a complete fusion at 24 months. Histological examination revealed that the anterior soft tissue to the implant exhibited a nonspecific foreign body reaction with connective tissue embed the biomaterials. Carbon fragment were seen in the surrounding tissue and some of the debric were phagocytosed by foreign body giant cell. Histological examination of bone and material revealed that new bone grew along the hole of CFR/PEEK implant. Conclusion: CFR/PEEK has an excellent biocompatibility to bone tissue.

Objective To investigate the management of drug-resistant epilepsy in patients with dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumor (DNT). Methods Surgical experiences of 14 patients with DNT in our hospital were retrospectively reviewed. According to the EeoG during the operation and preoperative evaluation, the epileptic foci were managed when the tumor resection was performed. Results The tumors were cut off completely in all the patients; no radiotherapy or chemotherapy was performed after the operation; no recurrence or metastasis of the tumor was found. Engel Ⅰ outcome (seizure-free) was noted in 11 patients and Engel Ⅱ outcome (rare seizure) was noted in 2; frequent seizure was found in 1 after the first operation and seizure-free was achieved after the resection of epileptic foci around the tumor. Conclusion The DNT should be treated as having malformation in the cortical dysplasia and management of epileptic foci around the tumor shows favorable results in the controlling of epilepsy.

BACKGROUNDThe goal of total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is to restore knee kinematics. Knee prosthesis design plays a very important role in successful restoration. Here, kinematics models of normal and prosthetic knees were created and validated using previously published data.

METHODSComputed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging scans of a healthy, anticorrosive female cadaver were used to establish a model of the entire lower limbs, including the femur, tibia, patella, fibula, distal femur cartilage, and medial and lateral menisci, as well as the anterior cruciate, posterior cruciate, medial collateral, and lateral collateral ligaments. The data from the three-dimensional models of the normal knee joint and a posterior-stabilized (PS) knee prosthesis were imported into finite element analysis software to create the final kinematic model of the TKA prosthesis, which was then validated by comparison with a previous study. The displacement of the medial/lateral femur and the internal rotation angle of the tibia were analyzed during 0-135° flexion.

RESULTSBoth the output data trends and the measured values derived from the normal knee's kinematics model were very close to the results reported in a previous in vivo study, suggesting that this model can be used for further analyses. The PS knee prosthesis underwent an abnormal forward displacement compared with the normal knee and has insufficient, or insufficiently aggressive, "rollback" compared with the lateral femur of the normal knee. In addition, a certain degree of reverse rotation occurs during flexion of the PS knee prosthesis.

CONCLUSIONSThere were still several differences between the kinematics of the PS knee prosthesis and a normal knee, suggesting room for improving the design of the PS knee prosthesis. The abnormal kinematics during early flexion shows that the design of the articular surface played a vital role in improving the kinematics of the PS knee prosthesis.

Adult ; Arthroplasty, Replacement, Knee ; methods ; Biomechanical Phenomena ; Female ; Humans ; Knee Prosthesis

Prostate cancer is the most common malignancy in the urinary system of males. The remarkable biological and clinical heterogeneity of prostate cancer poses challenges to the initial diagnosis, differential diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of the disease. Positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) is an ideal imaging tool for noninvasive interrogation of underlying tumor biology. Recently, there are a variety of molecular imaging paths and radiopharmaceuticals for the diagnosis and treatment of prostate cancer. This article reviews the current state and prospects of the application of PET in the diagnosis of prostate cancer.
Humans ; Male ; Molecular Imaging ; methods ; Multimodal Imaging ; methods ; Positron-Emission Tomography ; Prognosis ; Prostatic Neoplasms ; diagnostic imaging ; Radiopharmaceuticals ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

OBJECTIVETo investigate the risk factors of prostate cancer in urban Qingdao and provide some theoretical evidence for the scientific prevention and treatment of the disease.

METHODSWe performed a hospital-based matched case-control study in Qingdao Municipal Hospital. The cases and controls were matched in age, gender, nationality and the place of residence. All the subjects were interviewed face to face in the hospital using a questionnaire, and the data analyzed by the conditional logistic regression method.

RESULTSAccording to the 258 valid questionnaires collected, the prostate cancer risk was significantly higher in the cases with a family history of cancer than in those without (OR = 2.58), and so was it in the men with the first spermatorrhea at the age of < or = 15 years than in those at the age of > or = 18 years (OR = 2.27). A decreased risk of prostate cancer was found among the men with the first experience of sexual intercourse between 25 to 30 years of age (OR = 0.76). An increased risk was shown in those with sexual intercourses > or = 4 times per week before 35 years old (OR = 2.57), masturbations > or = 3 times per week (OR = 2.30) and a drinking history (alcohol > or = 150 g/d) of > or = 10 years (OR = 2.83).

CONCLUSIONPositive family history of cancer, earlier age of the first spermatorrhea, sexual intercourses > or = 4 times per week before 35 years old, frequent masturbations, and heavy drinking for more than 10 years are risk factors for prostate cancer.

Aged ; Case-Control Studies ; China ; epidemiology ; Humans ; Logistic Models ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Prostatic Neoplasms ; epidemiology ; Risk Factors ; Surveys and Questionnaires