Objective To explore continuous renal replacement therapy(CRRT) machine for plasma exchange in critical disease in children.Methods Retrospective study of 8 patients(8 month to 14 years,mean 5.7 years) and 32 plasma exchange treatments,after(adowble) lumen catheter inserted into the subclayian venous,using the Baxter BM25 machine with commercially available plasma filters.Results Five patients(3 ABO-incompatibility in bone marrow transplantation,1 thrombotic thrombocytopaenic purpura TTP,1 sepsis) gained full recovery.One systemic lupus erythematosus(SLE) and 1 sepsis experienced moderate improvement while 1 case of acute disseminated encephalomyelitis failed PE treatment.The average total exchange volume was 80-100 mL/kg,achieved at a blood flow rate of 5-10 mL/(kg?min) and a turnover rate of 60-120 mL/(kg?h) over a 3-hours duration.Thirty-one PE treatments were finished smoothly,one of which experienced the serious complication involving plasma filter.Conclusion Plasma exchange therapy is a safe and effective procedure for severe autoimmune abnormalities and pathogen removal in children.

AIM: To screen TIGR/myocilin gene (MYOC) mutation in high myopic Chinese children with family history.METHODS: Gene sequencing was performed in exon 3 of the TIGR gene in high myopic Chinese Children. The coding sequence of TIGR exon 3 was screened by capillary electrophoresis sequencing. The sequence alterations were analyzed by bioinformatics.RESULTS: TIGR gene mutation was not found in high myopic patients and normal controls group.CONCLUSION: No identified gene mutation is found in TIGR gene in high myopic Chinese children.

Objective To study the expression and phosphorylation of focal adhesion kinase(FAK) in rat's au- tologous vein graft and the olmesartan modulating effect.Methods Autologous external jugular veins were grafted to common carotid arteries in 40 male Sprague Dawley rats.After surgery,rats were randomly assigned to the fol- lowing groups:sham;control;olmesartan treatment(10mg/kg.d by gavage);or physiological saline.The intimal thickness,the I/M in vein grafts was quantitated by HE stain.The expression and phosphorylation of focal adhe- sion kinase were assessed by Western-blotting,PCNA and ?-smooth muscle actin were measured by immunohisto- chemistry.Results Neointimal hyperplasia in control group was characterized by significantly increased intimal thickeness I/M(P

OBJECTIVETo explore the differential proteomic expression in human liver cells L-02 induced by different dosages of trichloroethylene (TCE).

METHODSHuman liver cells L-02 were treated with different concentrations of TCE and the solvent control (dimethylsulfoxide). The total cellular proteins were separated using 2DE and visualized with silver staining after TCE treatment. The images were analyzed with Image Master 2D Platinum 5.0 analysis software. The differentially expressed protein spots were identified by matrix assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-TOF-MS).

RESULTSFifteen protein spots with significant difference were found, and went upward or downward or disappeared after the stimulation of TCE with different dosages, which indicated that TCE induced the change of the proteomic expression in the liver cells. The mass spectrum identification and the IPI human database retrieval were used for identifying 9 proteins related to the L-02 Liver cells induced by TCE.

CONCLUSIONThe result provides an insight to TCE-related molecular mechanism and which might be useful for further study of the TCE-associated proteins and molecular markers.

Cell Line ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Electrophoresis, Gel, Two-Dimensional ; Hepatocytes ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Humans ; Proteomics ; Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization ; Trichloroethylene ; toxicity

Objective To analyze the clinical characteristics,muscle pathological features and pathogenic gene mutation in 4 cases with LMNA-related congenital muscular dystrophy (L-CMD).Methods Clinical data of the probands and the parents were collected.Skeletal muscle specimens were biopsied from the probands for pathological analysis.Genomic DNA and RNA were extracted from peripheral blood leukocytes,and PCR,reverse transcription(RT)-PCR and DNA direct sequencing were employed to analyze the LMNA gene to determine the gene mutation and confirm the pathogenicity.Results Four patients had symptoms from fetal period to several months after birth.They presented with motor retardation,muscle weakness with prominent the proximal upper limbs,distal lower limbs and neck extensor,hypotonia,contractures,with mild to moderate elevation of CK level.The muscle biopsies showed muscular dystrophic and with inflammatory changes,and the abnormal nuclear morphology was observed with transmission electron microscopy.Genetic analysis of them detected 4 dominant de novo mutations.Three of them had unreported pathogenic mutations.The same sites of the LMNA gene were wild type in their parents.Conclusions Four cases of L-CMD are genetically identified.Genetic counseling of the family can be possible.The patients should be considered LMNA gene mutation of they present themselves with muscle weakness with the proximal upper limbs,distal lower limbs and neck extensor,hypotonia,contractures,mild to moderate elevation of CK level,and if the biopsies show muscular dystrophic changes but also with inflammatory changes should be considered LMNA gene mutation.Genetic analysis is the most reliable method for diagnosing L-CMD.

OBJECTIVETo study the clinical feature of a Chinese family with muscle-eye-brain disease (MEB) and the mutation of protein O-linked-mannose beta-1, 2-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase 1 gene (POMGNT1).

METHODSClinical data of the proband and his family members were collected. Genomic DNA from the patient and his parents was extracted using standard procedures from the peripheral blood leukocytes. Polymerase chain reaction and DNA direct sequencing were employed to analyze all of the exons to determine the mutation, and the relationship between genotype and phenotype was analyzed.

RESULTSThe proband was diagnosed as floppy baby, presented with delayed psychomotor development and myopathic face. His serum creatine kinase (CK) level elevated moderately and brain MRI showed cerebral and cerebellar gyrus abnormalities with white matter signal intensity changes, cerebellar cysts and cerebellar and brain stem hypoplasia, consistent with congenital muscular dystrophy with eye brain disorder. Further test with DNA detected a compound heterozygous mutation of c.1896 1 G to C before exon 22 which may induce splicing error, and missense mutation c.1319T to G, p.L440R in exon 16. Both parents had a heterozygous mutation at the mutation sites.

CONCLUSIONAccording to our study, the family is diagnosed as MEB. The proband carried compound heterozygous mutations in the POMGNT1 gene, and his parents are heterozygous carriers, which is consistent with autosomal recessive inheritance. The child is definitely diagnosed as having muscle eye brain disease.

Adult ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; Base Sequence ; Brain ; pathology ; Child, Preschool ; Exons ; genetics ; Female ; Heterozygote ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutation ; genetics ; N-Acetylglucosaminyltransferases ; genetics ; Phenotype ; Sequence Alignment ; Walker-Warburg Syndrome ; diagnosis ; genetics

OBJECTIVETo study the protocol of construction of a KCNQ2-c.812G>T mutant and it's eukaryotic expression vector, the c.812G>T (p.G271V) mutation which was detected in a Chinese pedigree of benign familial infantile convulsions, and to examine the expression of mutant protein in human embyonic kidney (HEK) 293 cells.

METHODSA KCNQ2 mutation c.812G>T was engineered on KCNQ2 cDNAs cloned into pcDNA3.0 by sequence overlap extension PCR and restriction enzymes. HEK293 cells were co-transfected with pRK5-GFP and KCNQ2 plasmid (the wild type or mutant) using lipofectamine and then subjected to confocal microscopy. The transfected cells were immunostained to visualize the intracellular expression of the mutant molecules.

RESULTSDirect sequence analysis revealed a G to T transition at position 812. The c.812G>T mutation was correctly combined to eukaryotic expressive vector pcDNA3.0 and expressed in HEK293 cells. Immunostaining of transfected cells showed the expression of both the wild type and mutant molecules on the plasma membrane, which suggested that the c.812G>T mutation at the pore forming region of KCNQ2 channel did not impair normal protein expression in HEK293 cells.

CONCLUSIONSSuccessful construction of mutant KCNQ2 eukaryotic expression vector and expression of KCNQ2 protein in HEK293 cells provide a basis for further study on the functional effects of convulsion-causing KCNQ2 mutations and for understanding the molecular pathogenesis of epilepsy.

Epilepsy, Benign Neonatal ; genetics ; Fluorescent Antibody Technique ; Genetic Vectors ; HEK293 Cells ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; KCNQ2 Potassium Channel ; analysis ; genetics ; physiology ; Mutagenesis, Site-Directed ; Polymerase Chain Reaction

Objective To construct chimerical DNA vaccine plasmid of human papiUomavirus type 11 (HPV11) L1-E7, and to evaluate its immunogenicity. Methods Molecular cloning techniques were used to construct recombinant plasmid PeDNA3 L1-E7 as a DNA vaccine. BALB/c mice were vaccinated with DNA recombinants through muscle injection. IL-2 and γ-INF secreted by immunized spleens lymphocyte and HPV 11 LI or E7 specific antibodies were assayed by ELISA method. Spleens lymphocyte proliferation was measured by MTT assay. Results The chimerical DNA plasmid of pcDNA3 LI-E7 was constructed correctly. Specific anti-HPV11 E7 and L1 antibodies, specific lymphocyte proliferation and secretions of IL-2 and γ-INF were detected in vaccinated mice. Conclusion Specific immune response, including cellular immunity and humoral immunity, could been detected in mice vaccinated with chimerical DNA vaccine of pcDNA3 L1-E7.

BACKGROUNDMacro- and microvascular diseases are the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in diabetic patients, but their mechanisms remain unclear. Recent reports provide evidence that the levels of CD55 and CD59 are decreased in diabetic microvascular diseases. However, very little is known about the levels of CD55 and CD59, the relationship between them and carotid artery intima-media thickness, and the effects of statins on CD55 and CD59 in diabetic macrovascular diseases.

METHODSThe mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) of CD55 and CD59 expression on peripheral blood leucocyte subsets (lymphocytes, monocytes and neutrophils) was studied using flow cytometry, and carotid artery intima-media thickness was measured using B-mode ultrasonography in 23 healthy subjects (controls), 19 patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM), and 43 patients with type 2 diabetes and macrovascular diseases (T2DM-M). The patients with T2DM-M were assigned to two subgroups based on whether statins were used: group with statins (n = 23) and group without statins (n = 20).

RESULTSCompared with the controls and T2DM, the MFI of CD55 positive neutrophils was significantly lower in T2DM-M (P = 0.049 vs controls and P = 0.033 vs T2DM); similarly, the MFI of CD59 positive monocytes was also lower in T2DM-M (P = 0.038 vs controls and P = 0.043 vs T2DM). The MFI of CD59 positive neutrophils in T2DM-M was lower than in T2DM (P = 0.032). The levels of CD55 and CD59 were negatively associated with age and blood pressure (r = -0.245 - -0.352, P = 0.041 - 0.003), but not acute-phase reactants and carotid artery intima-media thickness. The levels of CD55 and CD59 increased after treatment with statins, but the results were not significantly different (P > 0.05).

CONCLUSIONSCD55 and CD59 expressions on peripheral blood leucocytes are decreased in T2DM patients with macrovascular diseases. The results suggest that the decreased levels of complement regulatory proteins might play an important role in diabetic macrovascular diseases.

Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; CD55 Antigens ; immunology ; CD59 Antigens ; immunology ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ; immunology ; Diabetic Angiopathies ; immunology ; Female ; Flow Cytometry ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Humans ; Leukocytes ; immunology ; Male ; Middle Aged

OBJECTIVETo establish a three-dimensional finite element model of mandibular distraction osteogenesis (DO) in order to study the influence of distraction orientations to mandibular DO.

METHODSBy using the two finite element models, Von Mises stress and the displacement under different loads were measured.

RESULTSThe maximum stress in the distract equipment paralleled to the mandibular corpus was two times of that when the distract equipment paralleled to the sagittal axis. Von Mises stress concentration mainly occurred in the loading position and the condylar ante inferior. This phenomenon may lead to partial bone resorption, consequently lead to screw loose and affect the stability of distraction device. When the displacement increased in the model, the maximum stress and displacement showed linear relation.

CONCLUSIONThe counterforce produced by the device makes lateral displacement in tail. The reaction force could be reduced to a minimum degree when the traction device parallel to the sagittal axis. This study provides theoretical basis for the position of distract equipment and distraction orientations in clinical application.

Biomechanical Phenomena ; Finite Element Analysis ; Humans ; Mandible ; Osteogenesis, Distraction