OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RA) on nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). METHODS: The randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of GLP- 1 RA, placebo, and anti-diabetes drugs in the treatment of NAFLD in patients with T2DM were collected from PubMed, Embase, CNKI, Wangfang database, VIP, and CBM. The trials were evaluated for the quality and selected, and the results of the studies were reviewed and analyzed using RevMan 5.2 software. RESULTS: Four RCTs were included, involving 154 patients. The Meta-analysis showed that compared with the control group, GLP-1RA could significantly improve the ALT [MD: -8.36, 95% CI(-13.41-3.31), P = 0.001], HbA1c [MD: -0.43%, 95% CI(-0.73-0.31), P = 0.005], FBG [MD: -0.71%, 95% CI(-1. 39-0.03), P = 0.04], BMI [MD: -1.38%, 95% CI(-2.18-0.58), P = 0.000 8], TG [MD: -0.49%, 95% CI(-0.82-0.16), P = 0.004]. CONCLUSION: GLP-1 RA can obviously improve the metabolic index of patients with NAFLD and T2DM. Given the quality and quantity of the literature, large RCTs are still needed in the future.

Acupuncture Points ; Biological Evolution ; Humans ; Terminology as Topic

OBJECTIVE: To summarize the outcomes and clinical features of hypophosphatemic osteomalacia secondary to renal tubular damage caused by adefovir and put forword the key points of pharmaceutical care for these patients. METHODS: Literature was retrieved about hypophosphatemic osteomalacia secondary to renal tubular damage caused by adefovir in recent years. Combining the clinical situations of five patients with the named damage, they were treated with complement of phosphorus preparations and monitored for related clinical indicators. RESULTS: The possible mechanisms of adefovir for causing hypophosphatemic osteomalacia secondary to renal tubular damage is gene defect. Hypophosphatemic osteomalacia often occurrs in patients taking small doses (10 mg · d^-1) of adefovir for more than one year. The symptoms aggravate over time. By withdrawing adefovir or switching to other antiviral drugs and giving syptomatic treatment with phosphorus, calcium, and vitamin D supplements and other measures, good prognosis was achieved. CONCLUSION: Hypophosphatemic osteomalacia secondary to renal tubular damage caused by adefovir is lack of specific clinical features, which is easy to be misdiagnosed, therefore attention should be paid by clinical professionals.

OBJECTIVE: To obtain the prevalence of hospital admissions due to adverse drug reactions (ADRs) and study the main features of the ADRs. METHODS: The clinical data of the inpatients of endocrinology ward from January 2011 to December 2013 were collected by clinical pharmacists by interviewing with patients. And the types of ADRs, clinical features, suspicious drugs, hospital stays, cost and turnover were analyzed. RESULTS: Among the 6914 patients, 40 patients (0.58%) were hospitalized due to ADRs, including 13 males and 27 females. The mean age was (54.82±15.85) y. The mean hospital stay was (12.85±1.51) d. The mean cost was (10622.86±6719.48) Yuan. The 40 hospital admissions were attributed to 11 types of ADRs caused by 27 suspected drugs. The ADRs included hypoglycaemia, agranulocytosis (neutropenia), hypokalemic, hypophosphatemic osteomalacia secondary to renal tubular damage, electrolyte disturbances, elevated hepatenzyme, insulin allergy, insulin autoimmune syndrome, hypothyroidism, and hyperthyroidism. The suspicious drugs included antidiabetics(insulin, oral antidiabetics and traditional Chinese medicines), methimazole, adefovir and corticoids. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of hospital admission due to ADRs in the endocrinology ward was 0.47%. The clinical characteristics of the ADRs such as hypoglycaemia, hypokalemic and electrolyte disturbances were similar to the clinical manifestation of some endocrine system diseases, which might affect the diagnosis and delay the therapy. So, we should pay attention to ADRs during the process of diagnosis and therapy.

Lactoferrin (Lf) is one of the food protein belonged to the innate immune system. Apart from its main biological function of binding and transport of iron ions, lactoferrin also has many other functions and properties such as antibacterial, antiviral, antiparasitic, catalytic, anti-cancer, anti-allergic and radioprotecting. Lf is usually used as additives of food and cosmetics. The research of lactoferrin has been increasingly reported, and the application of lactoferrin as a drug carrier has drawn extensive attention over the recent year. In this paper, researches of lactoferrin as drug carriers are classified and summarized in brain targeting, liver tumor targeting, lung tumor targeting and oral delivery systems according to their different characteristics.
Administration, Oral ; Brain ; Drug Carriers ; Humans ; Lactoferrin ; chemistry ; Neoplasms

Adolescent ; Adult ; Athletes ; Boxing ; Electroencephalography ; Female ; Humans ; Physical Education and Training ; methods ; Young Adult

Objective To construct the bp26 deletion mutant of Brucella vaccine strain M5-90 (M5-90Δbp26),to compare its immunogenicity with parental strain(M5-90),and to develope a new candidate vaccine strain of Brucella melitensis with reduced virulence that can be used to distinguish vaccinated livestock from infected animals.Methods Mutant vaccine strain of Brucella melitensis was constructed by conventional molecular biology techniques then the genetic stability of mutant M5-90Δbp26 was tested and its conventional bacteriological nature was identified; 1.0 × 109 CFU/2 ml doses of M5-90Δbp26 strain and the parental strain were used to vaccinate 3 sheep; sera were analyzed for reactivity against BP26 by Western blotting and for agglutination activity; to analyze the virulence of mutant and parental strain,mice were injected with 1.0 × 106,6.0 × 106 and 2.0 × 107 CFU/0.2 ml doses of M5-90 and M5-90Δbp26,respectively,and clinical symptoms were monitored and the death of mice was recorded.Results The M5-90Δbp26 was successfully generated and reversion was not observed in 15 generations.The size of PCR products was 629 bp while the parental strain was 1279 bp.The sequence analysis showed a 650 bp missing in M5-90Δbp26.The conventional bacteria identification tests confirmed that the mutant was depth variant strain,including mono-specific antiserum M type transformed into R,and the BK2 phage based splitting assay converted from the positive to the negative.Western blotting showed the purified BP26 protein was recognized by the serum against the parental strain while not by the serum against M5-90Δbp26 strain.Agglutination test showed the level of the serum antibody induced by M5-90Δbp26 strain(1:50) was significantly lower than that of serum induced by parental strain(＞ 1:800).Virulence test showed that M5-90Δbp26 strain was less virulent than parental strain.Conclusions M5-90Δbp26 has been successfully constructed.M5-90Δbp26 of Brucella melitensis has the characteristic of reduced virulence and has a potential as brucellosis candidate vaccine strain permitting serological discrimination between diseased and vaccinated livestock.

Objective To solve the problem of network in the Medical Information Management System of mobile medical team in the condition of field.Methods Carrier class AP/network bridge with the function of dual-band tri-mode and directional and omnidirectional wireless receiving and transmitting network were used to realize the WLAN wireless local net.Results Applied in the Binghai Docking Manoeuvre in recent 2 years,the system satisfied the field medical station.Conclusion The wireless network is of high security,the devices of the network are easy and convenient to be spread and folded,and with less cost because they can be used repeatedly.

ObjectiveTo study the role and mechanism of low-dose aspirin with IFN-α in inhibiting growth and metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).MethodsMHCC97L cells were cultured and a metastatic model of human HCC was established by orthotopic implantation of histologically intact human HCC tissue into the liver of nude (nu/nu) mice.After administration of different doses of Aspirin and IFN-α for 40 days,the mice bearing xenografts in liver were killed,and the tumor volume and lung metastasis were evaluated.Cell proliferation and MMP-2 activity were measured by MTT and gelatin zymography,respectively.The expressions of VEGF and MMP-2 were measured by western blot and ELISA.ResultsCompared to the control group,there were no significant differences in the high-dose Aspirin [45 mg/(kg · d)] treated group regarding tumor volume [(1.89 ±0.88) cm3 vs (3.12±0.85) cm3,P＞0.05] and incidence of lung metastases (58.3％ vs 66.7％,P＞0.05),but the tumor volume and incidence of lung metastasis were significantly inhibited in the highdose IFN-α group [1.5 × 107/(kg · d)],the high-dose IFN-α combined with high-dose Aspirin group,and the low-dose IFN-α [7.5 × 106 / (kg · d) ] combined with low-dose Aspirin [15 mg/(kg · d] group (P＜0.05).2 mmol/L Aspirin did not inhibit the proliferation of MHCC97 cells (P＞0.05),but inhibited the activities and expressions of MMP-2 and VEGF.Low-dose IFN-α combined with low-dose Aspirin significantly decreased the expressions of MMP-2 and VEGF in nude mice (P＜0.05).ConclusionLow-dose Aspirin combined with low-dose IFN-α significantly inhibited the growth and metastasis of HCC through suppressing the expressions of MMP-2 and VEGF.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the expression of aquaporin 3, 4, and 8 in the colonic mucosa of rat models with slow transit constipation (STC).

METHODSSTC rat model was established by giving the rats the compound solution of diphenoxylate. Real time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used to measure the expression of aquaporin mRNA in colonic mucosa of STC rat models (study group,n=16) and normal rats (control group,n=16). Gray scale ratio of aquaporin to β-action (internal reference) was used for quantification.

RESULTSRT-PCR revealed that the mean gray scale ratios of aquaporin 3 in the proximal colon of the study group and control group were 0.344 and 0.602 (P<0.05), and were 0.419 and 0.509 in the distal colon (P>0.05), respectively. The mean gray scale ratios of aquaporin 4 in the proximal and the distal colon were 0.764 and 0.759 in the study group (P>0.05), and were 0.776 and 0.736 in the control group (P>0.05), respectively. However, there was no expression of aquaporin 8 in the proximal and the distal colon in either the study group or the control groups.

CONCLUSIONSExpression of aquaporin 3 in the proximal colon of STC rat models is down-regulated, which regulates water absorption. There are no significant changes in the expressions of aquaporin 4 and 8.

Animals ; Aquaporin 3 ; metabolism ; Aquaporin 4 ; metabolism ; Aquaporins ; metabolism ; Colon ; metabolism ; Constipation ; metabolism ; Disease Models, Animal ; Female ; Intestinal Mucosa ; metabolism ; Male ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley