Motivation ; Forensic Psychiatry ; Violence ; Wounds and Injuries ; Crime/psychology*

Objective To analyze the medication rules in Li Xu Yuan Jian; To explore the medication characteristics of WANG Qi-shi’s treatment for deficiency syndromes and hisdialectical thinking; To provide references for clinic. Methods By combing the recorded prescriptions in Li Xu Yuan Jian , this article established the database of medicine names, dosage and syndromes. SPSS statistical software 19.0 was used for universal analysis, similarity analysis, and cluster analysis. Results 23 prescriptions were included in the study, involving 56 kinds of medicine and 227 frequency, among which the most commonly used medicine were Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma and raw Rehmanniae Radix; The medicinal properties were mainly cold (46.7%), warm (16.7%), and flat (16.7%), and the medicinal tastes were mainly bitter (53.3%), sweet (80.0%), and octanol (20.0%), and the meridians were mainly Heart Meridian of Hand-Shaoyin (53.3%), Liver Meridian of Foot-Jueyin (33.3%), Spleen Maridian of Foot-Taiyin (53.3%), Liver Meridian of Hand-Taiyin (66.7%), Kidney Meridian of Foot-Shaoyin (46.7%), and Stomach Meridian of Foot-Yangming (26.7%). Conclusion In Li Xu Yuan Jian, WANG Qi-shi tends to treat deficiency syndromes by using medicine with the cold property, sweet taste and Liver Meridian of Hand-Taiyin, among which Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma and raw Rehmanniae Radix were most commonly used, followed by Platycodonis Radix, Poria, Ophiopogonis Radix and Moutan Cortex to protect the lung. Therefore, the final and upmost goal of not hurting qi and tonifying lung and kidney can be achieved.

Background: Current treatments for scoliosis have some defects and complications. To study spinal deformities and test novel scoliosis treatments, many animal models of scoliosis have been developed. These models applied a single load to the spine and could not precisely modulate the spinal growth in different dimensions. In this study, we applied posterior tethering in various directions with the application of nickel?titanium (NT) coil springs in dog's spine to modulate spinal growth in the coronal, sagittal, and transverse planes and create a scoliosis model possess curves that mimic adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) three dimensionally. Methods: Scoliosis was surgically induced in eight 8?week?old female dogs (weight: 1.95–2.30 kg) using bone screws and NT coil springs. The deformity was induced through the placement of posterior NT coil springs that tethered the spine by bone screw fixation. All dogs were monitored with serial radiographs to document changes in deformities. Results: All experimental animals developed scoliotic curves convex to the left in the lumbar segment. The mean coronal Cobb angle was 18.0° immediately postoperatively and 54.5° at 22 weeks. The mean lordosis increased from 6.2° postoperatively to 35.0° at final follow?up. Apical axial rotation increased from 4.5° postoperatively to 31.2° at 22 weeks. Conclusions: With the application of NT springs in dogs that allowed posterior tethering in various directions, lumbar spinal deformity was achieved in three planes: coronal, sagittal, and transverse planes. Notably, the lumbar spine in surgically treated dogs developed lordoscoliosis with obvious rotation and the curves mimic AIS three dimensionally well. This method allows lumbar scoliosis to develop without deep dissection of muscle and maintains the essential anatomical elements along the spinal curve. Moreover, the spinal growth modulation technique could yield information that would provide a basis for developing novel early?stage treatments for children with scoliosis.

Coal ; Dust ; analysis ; Gases ; adverse effects ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Occupational Exposure ; analysis ; Pulmonary Alveolar Proteinosis ; etiology

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the efficacy of cyclosporine A-nanoparticles emulsion (CsA-NP) combined with adipose tissue-derived stem cells (ASCs)transplantation therapy for acute myocardial infarction (AMI) in a miniswine model.

METHODSCsA-NP emulsion was prepared by the high-pressure homogenization method. Models were performed by coronary angioplasty for percutaneous balloon occlusion of left anterior descending artery (LAD). A total of 17 miniswines survived after AMI were divided into four groups: control group (n=5), CsA-NP group (n=4), ASCs group (n=4), and CsA-NP+ASCs group (n=4). ASCs or saline were delivered by intracoronary injection one week after AMI.Before cell transplantation and 8 weeks after cell transplantation, delayed-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DE-MRI) was performed to evaluate cardiac function and viability. The infarcted myocardium and implanted cells were histologically studied.

RESULTSEight weeks after treatment, the left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF)significantly increased in the CsA-NP+ASCs group when compared with the ASCs group [(53.6 ± 2.4)% vs. (48.3 ± 1.8)%, P<0.05]; meanwhile, the infarct size significantly decreased [(6.2 ± 1.7)cm(3) vs.(7.5 ± 0.6) cm(3), P<0.05] and the thickness of the ventricular wall significantly increased (P<0.05). Histology showed that the number of surviving cells increased nearly by three times in the CsA-NP+ASCs group, and the expressions of the cardiomyocyte specific markers (cTnT and α-actin) were detected. Histological samples also showed that CsA-NP+ASCs group reduced fibrotic tissue, and down-regulated the activation of Caspase-3.

CONCLUSIONThe CsA-NP+ASCs combination therapy can enhance the viability of ASCs by improving LVEF and preventing LV expansion, which may be explained that CsA-NP has the anti-apoptotic effect and can promote the survivals and proliferation of ASCs.

Adipocytes ; cytology ; Animals ; Caspase 3 ; metabolism ; Cyclosporine ; therapeutic use ; Disease Models, Animal ; Myocardial Infarction ; therapy ; Nanoparticles ; Random Allocation ; Stem Cell Transplantation ; Swine

OBJECTIVETo explore the role of CD4⁺ CD25⁺ Foxp3⁺ Treg/CD4⁺ IL-17A(+)Th17 cells and the related cytokines in Graves' ophthalmopathy.

METHODSBased on clinical activity scores (CAS), we divided patients with untreated Graves' ophthal- mopathy into active group (AGO group with CAS ≥ 3 (15 cases) and non-active group (NGO group) with CAS<3 (15 cases), with another 15 patients with untreated Graves' disease free of eye symptoms (GD group) and 15 normal subjects as controls. Peripheral venous blood Treg/Th17 cell ratio was determined using flow cytometry. RT-PCR was used to detect the mRNA expression levels of Treg-specific transcription factor Foxp3 and Th17-specific transcription factor RORγt. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to detect the serum levels of Th17 cell-related cytokines (IL-17A, IL-23, and IL-6) and Treg-related cytokines (TGF-β, IL-10, and IL-35).

RESULTSCompared with the normal subjects, the patients in GD, NGO, AGO groups all showed significantly increased Th17 cell count (P<0.05), which was the highest in AGO group. RT-PCR results revealed significantly increased RORγt in GD, NGO, and AGO groups, also the highest in AGO group. Serum IL-17A, IL-23, and IL-6 levels all showed significant increments in GD, NGO, and AGO groups (P<0.05), especially in AGO group. Among the Treg-related cytokines, TGF-β and IL-35 levels decreased (P<0.05) but IL-10 increased significantly (P<0.05) in GD, NGO, AGO groups.

CONCLUSIONDecreased immunosuppressive capacity of Treg cells can be an important factor in the pathogenesis of Graves' ophthalmopathy. Th17 cells may also participate in the occurrence and progression of Graves' ophthalmopathy and can serve along with related cytokines as novel indicators of the disease activity. Impaired Treg/Th17 balance may importantly contribute to the occurrence of Graves' ophthalmopathy.

Cytokines ; immunology ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Flow Cytometry ; Graves Ophthalmopathy ; immunology ; Humans ; Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 1, Group F, Member 3 ; T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory ; immunology ; Th17 Cells ; immunology

OBJECTIVETo analyze the reasons of the complications,and the measures taken for the prevention and treatment by percutaneous vertebroplasty (PVP) for osteoporotic thoracolumbars vertebral compressive fractures.

METHODSFrom May 2004 to June 2008, 204 patients with 286 diseased vertebrae underwent PVP under the guidance of C-arm fluoroscopy, and 56 patients with complications included 18 males, 38 females, ranging in age from 58 to 93 years, with an average of 72 years. The condition of leakage of bone cement and complications was observed.

RESULTSThe complications related to the leakage of PMMA found in 60 vertebrae in 49 cases: vertebral canal in 5 cases, intervertebral foramina in 3 cases, soft tissue besides vertebrae in 20 cases,intervertebral discs in 15 cases, venous plexus besides vertebrae in 6 cases. The complications no related to the leakage of PMMA found in 7 cases: the nerve roots injuried in 3 cases; the pain of the patient worsened temporarily in 2 cases; the blood pressure of the patient descent temporarily in 2 cases.

CONCLUSIONThe main reasons of complications are no-integrated of the compressived vertebrae,unstandard skills of injecting,unsuitable opportunity and quantity of injecting PMMA, unsufficient monitoring of C-arm fluoroscopy, the toxicity of PMMA. The measures of prevention and treatment is strict indication, standard skills of injecting, sufficient monitoring of C-arm fluoroscopy, suitable opportunity and quantity of injecting PMMA, electrocardio-monitoring in operation.

Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Bone Cements ; adverse effects ; Female ; Fractures, Compression ; complications ; surgery ; Humans ; Lumbar Vertebrae ; surgery ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Polymethyl Methacrylate ; adverse effects ; Postoperative Complications ; prevention & control ; Spinal Fractures ; complications ; surgery ; Vertebroplasty

Child ; Humans ; Male ; Purpura, Schoenlein-Henoch ; diagnosis ; drug therapy

AIM To compare the effects of sealed moistening with brine,simple stir-frying and stir-frying with brine on the contents of psoralen,psoralen,psoralen and psoralen in Psoraleae Fructus aqueous extract.METHODS The HPLC analysis of aqueous extract was performed on a 30 ℃ thermostatic Hibar C1s column (250 mm × 4.6 mm,5 μm),with the mobile phase comprising of 0.1％ formic acid-methanol flowing at 1.0 mL/min in a gradient elution manner,and the detection wavelength was set at 246 nm.RESULTS Compared with the raw product,the contents of glycosides and total components in the product processed with sealed moistening with brine were significantly decreased.Stir-frying with brine could significantly promote the dissolution of glycosides (psoralen and psoralen),but had no significant effect on that of aglycones (psoralen and isopsoralen).Simple stirfrying markedly increased the contents of various constituents.CONCLUSION Both simple stir-frying and stir-frying with brine can significantly increase the total content of four constituents in Psoraleae Fructus aqueous extract.

When to design clinical trials in the treatment of depression, we should follow some general rules of ordinary clinical trials, and also have to consider the characteristics of depression and test drugs, as well as the influence of these characteristics.Due to the questionable efficacy of active drug in the treatment of depression,placebo control could apply a potent evidence to clarify the absolute efficacy of test drugs.In this ar-ticle, the present situation of placebo control in these studies was intro-duced, we interpreted the general considerations on placebo control of these studies from ethnics and safety aspects, and analysed the factors which may contribute to the drug-placebo difference, and finally provid-ed suggestions about how to design these studies with placebo control, which may help sponsors and drug research units to obtain a systematic understanding of placebo control in these studies.