Experimental studies with only one intervention are not always sufficient for health care issnes, while the method of complex intervention is more useful. But the complex intervention is more complicated and needs carefully design and evaluation. This article will introduce the framework for design and evaluation of complex intervention and the revised version made by Medical Research Council, with five examples showing its application.

Background: Current treatments for scoliosis have some defects and complications. To study spinal deformities and test novel scoliosis treatments, many animal models of scoliosis have been developed. These models applied a single load to the spine and could not precisely modulate the spinal growth in different dimensions. In this study, we applied posterior tethering in various directions with the application of nickel?titanium (NT) coil springs in dog's spine to modulate spinal growth in the coronal, sagittal, and transverse planes and create a scoliosis model possess curves that mimic adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) three dimensionally. Methods: Scoliosis was surgically induced in eight 8?week?old female dogs (weight: 1.95–2.30 kg) using bone screws and NT coil springs. The deformity was induced through the placement of posterior NT coil springs that tethered the spine by bone screw fixation. All dogs were monitored with serial radiographs to document changes in deformities. Results: All experimental animals developed scoliotic curves convex to the left in the lumbar segment. The mean coronal Cobb angle was 18.0° immediately postoperatively and 54.5° at 22 weeks. The mean lordosis increased from 6.2° postoperatively to 35.0° at final follow?up. Apical axial rotation increased from 4.5° postoperatively to 31.2° at 22 weeks. Conclusions: With the application of NT springs in dogs that allowed posterior tethering in various directions, lumbar spinal deformity was achieved in three planes: coronal, sagittal, and transverse planes. Notably, the lumbar spine in surgically treated dogs developed lordoscoliosis with obvious rotation and the curves mimic AIS three dimensionally well. This method allows lumbar scoliosis to develop without deep dissection of muscle and maintains the essential anatomical elements along the spinal curve. Moreover, the spinal growth modulation technique could yield information that would provide a basis for developing novel early?stage treatments for children with scoliosis.

This study aimed to simultaneously determine the contents of astilbin and engeletin in dong medicine "sunl gaems" of Guizhou origin by quantitative analysis of multi-components by single marker (QAMS), with astilbin as the internal standard substance. On UPLC and HPLC chromatograms, different models of instruments were used to investigate relative correction factors (RCF), in order to discuss the interoperability of RCFs established in different chromatographic systems. The engeletin content was calculated based on the established RCFs and compared by the one point external standard method and the external standard working curve method, in order to verify the accuracy of QAMS. According to the result, in different chromatograms, the ratios between RCF and retention time of engeletin and astilbin had a good reproducibility, with RSD between 2.0% and 1.8%, both were less than 3%. The relative differences among results of QAMS, the external standard working curve method of dong medicine "sunl gaems" ranged between 1.6% and 3.9%, with RSD between 2.02%-0.80% in line with relevant requirements and Pearson correlation coefficient at 0.9998 (P <0.01). The findings showed that QAMS was an accurate, reliable and highly reproducible method to determine the contents of astilbin and engeletin in dong medicine "sunl gaems" of Guizhou origin and so could be used to control the inherent quality of the herb.
Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; methods ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; analysis ; Flavonols ; analysis ; Glycosides ; analysis

The paper is aimed to search more natural plant antioxidants and further research and develop new medicinal plant resources in Guizhou. The Guizhou special miao medicine "bod zangd dak" was extracted with 60% ethanol. The antioxidant activity of the different polarity components separated from the extract was tested by DPPH method with ascorbic acid as positive control. The results showed that the IC50 of the different polarity components was as following: ascorbic acid (0.033 4 g x L(-1)) < ethyl acetate components (0.052 3 g x L(-1)) < total tannins components (0.054 9 g x L(-1)) < 60% ethanol extraction components (0.076 7 g x L(-1)) < butanol extraction components (0.110 g x L(-1)) < water-soluble polysaccharides components (0.168 g x L(-1)) < water extraction components (0.174 g x L(-1)) < water components after extraction (0.226 g x L(-1)) < total polysaccharides components (0.645 g x L(-1)). It is concluded that the different polarity components have different free radical scavenging activity and that provides a scientific basis for further search of the active ingredients and the activive mechanism.
Antioxidants ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Biphenyl Compounds ; chemistry ; China ; ethnology ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Free Radicals ; chemistry ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Picrates ; chemistry ; Plant Roots ; chemistry ; Plant Stems ; chemistry ; Smilax ; chemistry

OBJECTIVETo study the effects of Chinese medicine tetramethylpyrazine (TMP) on intracellular free calcium ([Ca2+]i) in cultured penis corpus cavernosum smooth muscle cell (PCSMC) in rabbits.

METHODSBy using laser scanning confocal microscope (LSCM), the [Ca2+]i fluorescence signal changes was investigated in cultured PCSMC loaded with Ca2+ indicator Fluo-3/AM and divided into potassium chloride(KCl) group and norepinephrine (NE) group. Compared with verapamil (Ver), the effects of TMP was observed in different concentrations on [Ca2+]i increase induced by high potassium and NE.

RESULTSTMP had no obvious effect on resting PCSMC [Ca2+]i. It was found that 1, 10, 100 mumol/L TMP significantly inhibited [Ca2+]i increase induced by high potassium-depolarization. The peak inhibition rates were (38.6 +/- 3.0)%, (44.1 +/- 2.4)% and (53.7 +/- 4.1)% respectively. TMP could also inhibit cytosolic calcium pool release induced by 1 mumol/L NE. The peak inhibition rates were (13.9 +/- 2.7)%, (21.2 +/- 1.9)% and (29.5 +/- 3.6)% respectively.

CONCLUSIONSTMP can inhibit rabbit PCSMC [Ca2+]i significantly by suppressing voltage-dependent calcium channel and cytosolic calcium pool release. The effect, similar to Ver, signifies the important mechanism of erectile dysfunction (ED) therapy.

Animals ; Calcium ; metabolism ; Cells, Cultured ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Male ; Muscle, Smooth, Vascular ; cytology ; metabolism ; Penis ; blood supply ; metabolism ; Pyrazines ; pharmacology ; Rabbits ; Vasodilator Agents ; pharmacology

Abstract: Objective To analyze the industry characteristics of new occupational pneumoconiosis in Foshan from 2007 to Methods 2021. The data of new cases of occupational pneumoconiosis in Foshan City from 2007 to 2021 were obtained from “ ” ， “ the China Disease Prevention and Control Information System subsystem the Occupational Disease and Health Hazardous ”， Results Factors Monitoring Information System and the industry characteristics of the cases were analyzed. From 2007 to ， ， （ ） 2021 there were 886 new cases of occupational pneumoconiosis in Foshan mainly include silicosis 68.3% in males （ ）， （ ） 94.2% and stage Ⅰ pneumoconiosis cases 75.9% . The median age of cases at the time of diagnosed disease was 47 years ， old and the median working age of dust exposure was 11.2 years. The enterprises where all cases are located involve eight top ， ； ， - industry categories of which manufacturing industry accounted for 97.6% and 30 major industry categories of which non （ ） ， metallic mineral products industry was the highest 60.5% . There were 554 sporadic cases and 332 cluster cases and the ， ， Conclusion industries were mainly non-metallic mineral products accounting for 55.0% and 69.6% respectively. ， - Occupational pneumoconiosis in Foshan is dominated by silicosis and the key industries are non metallic mineral products.

Objective To evaluate the effect of PTH gene polymorphisms on bone mineral density (BMD) at multiple skeletal sites in normal females.Methods PTH gene phenotype was determined by PCR-RFLP of restriction enzyme Bst BⅠin 596 females aged (46.3?13.7) years (20-80 years),and PCR products with or without enzymolytic site were considered as genotype B or genotype b respectively.BMDs of the anteropesterior spine (AP) and supine lateral spine (Lat) of lumbar vertebrae (L_1-L_4),femoral neck (FN),total hip (T-hip), Ward's triangle (Ward),Trochanter (Troch),forearm [radius+ulna ultradistal (RUUD) and total area of radius + ulna (RUT) ] were measured by DEXA (QDR4500A).Results (1) Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium was evident for PTH polymorphisms.The frequencies of genotype were BB 0.784,Bb 0.208,bb 0.008 and frequencies of alleles B,b were 0.888 and 0.112 respectively in 596 normal females.Frequencies of BB,Bb,bb genotypes were 0.781,0.210,and 0.009 respectively in 347 postmenopausal women and their frequencies of alleles B,b were 0.886,0.114.No significant difference was found between post- and premenopausal women in genotype frequen- cy.(2) Comparing their BMDs of AP,Lat,FN,T-hip,Ward,Troch,RUUD and RUT,there was no significant difference between BB and Bb genotypes of pre- and postmenopansal women groups.(3) Logistic regression analysis failed to show any statistical difference between normal and osteoporosis women with regard to PTH phenotype.Conclusion PTH gene polymorphism has little effect on BMD in normal females.

To study the anti-coagulant effect and influence of danggui Sini decoction (DSD) on rat's plasma endogenous metabolites by animal experiment and ¹H-NMR based metabolomics method. After intragastric administration of Danggui Sini Decoction for 7 days, Plasma thrombin time (TT) was measured. Rat plasma metabolic fingerprint in two groups was analyzed using ¹H-NMR, based on which the principal component analysis( PCA) and orthogonal partial least-squares discriminant analysis(OPLS-DA) models for metabonomic analysis. Potential biomarkers were screened by using variable importance in the projection (VIP) and T test. DSD could prolong TT of the rat significantly (P < 0.05). Compared with control group, six kinds of endogenous metabolites in DSD group change significantly (P < 0.05), among which isobutyrate, carnitine and phenylalanine content had an upward trend (P < 0.01) and lysine, Histidine and cholesterol content had a downward trend (P < 0.05). It is likely that carnitine, phenylalanine, Histidine and cholesterol are the potential metabolic markers in the anti-coagulant process and DSD affects the platelet aggregation and the expression of tissue factor and fiber protease by regulating the energy, amino acid and lipid metabolism.
Animals ; Anticoagulants ; chemistry ; Blood Coagulation ; drug effects ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; Female ; Male ; Metabolomics ; methods ; Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ; methods ; Rats

This study was purposed to investigate the immune reconstitution of T-cells in patients who received haploidentical hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (hiHSCT). The peripheral blood was harvested from 22 patients before transplantation and at month 1, 3, 6 after hiHSCT. The proportions of T lymphocyte subtypes including CD3(+), CD4(+), CD8(+), CD45RO(+), and CD45RA(+)CD62L(+) were analyzed by flow cytometry, followed by the calculation of T cell numbers according to the amounts of peripheral blood leukocytes. Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) value in CD4(+) T cells was measured by ImmuKnow method to evaluate the function of lymphocytes. The results showed that the CD3(+) cell absolute value before transplantation was 833.75 ± 359.84/µl, but those values at month 1, 3, 6 after transplantation were 318.87 ± 266.71/µl, 1006.76 ± 512.32/µl and 1296.38 ± 958.77/µl respectively. The CD4(+) cell absolute value before transplantation was 336.99 ± 211.11/µl, but such values at month 1, 3, 6 after transplantation were 45.89 ± 44.21/µl, 142.97 ± 114.85/µl, and 181.78 ± 120.61/µl respectively. The CD8(+) cell absolute value before transplantation was 430.21 ± 159.48/µl, but those values at month 1, 3, 6 after transplantation were 230.44 ± 195.89/µl, 621.64 ± 318.83/µl, and 823.07 ± 633.55/µl respectively. The CD4(+)CD45RO(+) memory T cell absolute value before transplantation was 227.44 ± 73.34/µl, but such values at month 1, 3, 6 after transplantation were 43.47 ± 43.40/µl, 138.69 ± 110.17/µl, 147.73 ± 82.94/µl respectively. The CD8(+)CD45RO(+) memory T cell absolute value before transplantation was 212.70 ± 98.48/µl, but such values at month 1, 3, 6 after transplantation were 184.76 ± 168.65/µl, 445.90 ± 252.50/µl, 519.80 ± 475.53/µl respectively. CD4(+)CD45RA(+)CD62L(+) naive T cell number before transplantation was 68.94 ± 59.74/µl, but such cell numbers at month 1, 3, 6 after transplantation decreased to 2.44 ± 2.93/µl, 3.14 ± 3.48/µl, 23.22 ± 38.38/µl respectively. The CD8(+)CD45RA(+)CD62L(+) naive T cell absolute value before transplantation was 124.82 ± 60.95/µl, but those values at month 1, 3, 6 decreased to 19.37 ± 17.71/µl, 76.63 ± 50.85/µl, and 114.49 ± 174.29/µl respectively. The ATP value in CD4(+) T cells decreased to 210.19 ± 119.37 ng/ml at month 1 after transplantation and increased to 280.62 ± 110.03 ng/ml at month 3, and 357.28 ± 76.18 ng/ml at month 6 after transplantation. It is concluded that CD8(+) memory T cell reconstruction contributes critically to T cell recovery early after hiHSCT, while the thymic output function remains low. However, T cell function recovers to normal range at month 3 after transplantation.
Adolescent ; Adult ; CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes ; cytology ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Haplotypes ; Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation ; Humans ; Immunophenotyping ; Killer Cells, Natural ; immunology ; Lymphocyte Count ; Male ; T-Lymphocyte Subsets ; immunology ; Young Adult

In order to explore the diagnosis and therapeutic effectiveness of nocardiosis after allogenic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT), the features of clinical manifestation, laboratory examination and response to TMP-SMZ treatment in two cases of nocardiosis after allo-HSCT were analyzed retrospectively. The result showed that the attack happened to 2 patients at day 15 and 170 after allo-HSCT respectively, displaying fever and chest pain. Chest CT scan indicated bilateral pulmonary tuberculous shadow. Nocardiosis was diagnosed by the culture of sputum, bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid and pus samples as well. Both of these cases exhibited good response to combined therapy containing TMP-SMZ for half a year. It is concluded that nocardiosis is a rare complication after allo-HSCT, in which pulmonary involvement is commonly observed. The culture of BAL fluid is helpful for its diagnosis and this disease might be sensitive to the treatment of TMP-SMZ-containing regimens.
Adolescent ; Female ; Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation ; adverse effects ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Nocardia Infections ; etiology ; Retrospective Studies ; Transplantation, Homologous