Objective To eompare the dose distribution of three-dimension conformal radiation therapy(3DCRT) and common radiation therapy (CRT) of the planning target volume(PTV) and organ at risk (OAR) in recurred cervical cancer treatment planning. Methods Thirteen patients,who had cervical cancer recurred in pelvis treated with 3DCRT in Shanxi Cancer Hospital from May to August 2007, were selected. After CT simulation, the CT images were transferred into Topslane treatment system. The same physicist designed 3DCRT plan and common radiation therapy plan for every patient,total dose 50 Gy, 90 % is dose covered PTV, then compared the dose distribution of PTV and OAR.Results At the same prescribed dose of 50Gy,there were no significant differences on OAR maximum dose between 3DCRT plans and common radiation therapy plans(P >0.05), however, there was significant differences on PTV maximum dose(P <0.01). The difference of PTV uniformity were significant between 3DCRT plans and common radiation therapy plans (P <0.001). Compared the high dose region of OAR(V40), the difference was significant (P <0.001). Between 3DCRT plans and common radiation therapy plans, they showed 53.31 ml (90.69 %), 124.00 ml (79.47 %), 655.16 m1(92.22 %) median reduction in the V40 of rectum, bladder, intestine, respectively. Conclusion At the same PTV coverage of the prescribed dose, 3DCRT plans showed worse dose uniformity, however, the radiation volume to organs at risk in 3DCRT plans were smaller than common radiation therapy plans. So patients with cervical cancer recurred in pelvis received 3DCRT may be potentially diminish the Normal Tissue Complications Probability(NTCP).

A phytochemical investigation on the aerial parts of a Tibetan medicine Meconopsis horridula, by solvent extraction, repeated chromatographies on silica gel, Sephadex LH-20, and preparative TLC techniques, led to the isolation of 9 compounds. By spectroscopic analysis and comparison of its 1H and 13C-NMR data with those in literatures, their structures were identified as oleracein E(1), N-( trans-p-coumaroyl) tyramine (2), chrysoeriol (3), apigenin (4), hydnocarpin (5), p-coumaric acid glucosyl ester (6), stigmast-5-ene-3beta-ylformate (7), 3beta-hydroxy-7alpha-ethoxy-24beta-ethylcholest-5-ene (8), and beta-sitosterol (9), respectively, among which compounds 6-8 were isolated from the genus for the first time,and 1,3 were isolated from the species for the first time. A MTT method was applied to evaluate the cytotoxic activity of compounds 14 against the human hepatocellular liver carcinoma cell line (HepG2), and compound 1 showed significant cytotoxicity against HepG2,with its inhibitory rate of 52.2% at 10 micromol x L(-1).
Medicine, Tibetan Traditional ; Molecular Structure ; Papaveraceae ; chemistry ; Plant Extracts ; chemistry ; Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization

The leading cause of drug withdrawal from market and clinical trials failure is drug-induced liver injury (DILI). Varying clinical, histological and laboratory features of DILI, as well as undefined underlying mechanisms, hinder patients to be diagnosed in the early-stage of the disease and receive effective treatments. Conventional indicators, like serum transaminases and bilirubin, have inevitable limitations referring to sensitive prediction and specific detection of DILI. In order to reduce the occurrence of DILI, researchers have attempted to discover potential biomarkers with higher specificity and sensitivity from blood and urine in recent years. This article aims to review recent advances in biomarkers of DILI.
Biomarkers ; blood ; urine ; Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury ; diagnosis ; Humans ; Sensitivity and Specificity

The paper reviews the speciation, process in vivo and biological effects of inorganic elements in Chinese medicine (CM) in the aspect of biopharmaceutics. We also summarize some factors influenced the biopharmceutical characteristics of drugs, including physical and chemical properties, formulation development, body's biological states and different actions. It is significant to safety, rationality of using of CM and modernization, internationalization of CM.
Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; Inorganic Chemicals ; analysis ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional

OBJECTIVETo study the influence of modified Shegan Mahuang Decoction (SGMH) on cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin (IL)-10 and IL-13 in children suffered from cough and variant asthma (C&VA).

METHODSOne hundred and fifty-four children with C&VA were randomly assigned to two groups: 79 in the treatment group were medicated orally with SGMH one dose per day taking in twice; 75 in the control group were medicated with Montelukast once a day in dose of 4 mg for children aged from 2 to 5 years and 5 mg for those from 6 to 14 years, the medication for all was given 4 weeks. Serum contents of cytokines, including TNF-alpha, IL-10 and IL-13, in patients were measured before and after treatment. Besides, serum contents of these cytokines in 45 healthy children were measured for control.

RESULTSSerum levels of TNF-alpha and IL-3 in the treatment group were 2510 +/- 1500 ng/L and 60.76 +/- 23.67 ng/L, and in the control group, 2890 +/- 1410 ng/L and 61.56 +/- 20.37 ng/L, respectively, all were significantly higher than those of healthy (709 +/- 280 ng/L and 39.49 +/- 3.09 ng/L, P < 0.01); but level of IL-10 was significant lower in the two patient groups than that in control (1546 +/- 1434 ng/L and 1823 +/- 1314 ng/L vs 7123 +/- q2641 ng/L, P < 0.01). After treatment, the levels of TNF-alpha and IL-13 decreased and IL-10 increased significantly in the treatment group, and showed significant different to those in the control group respectively (960 +/- 420 ng/L, 43.67 +/- 12.37 ng/L and 6834 +/- 2216 ng/L vs 2610 +/- 1220 ng/L, 50.56 +/-19.56 ng/L and 2529 +/- 1223 ng/L, P < 0.01). Clinical efficacy between groups also showed that the total effective rate in the treatment group was significantly better (86.07% vs. 42.67%, P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONSGMH can regulate the serum levels of TNF-alpha, IL-10 and IL-13, and shows evident clinical effect in treating children's C&VA.

Adolescent ; Asthma ; blood ; drug therapy ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Cough ; blood ; drug therapy ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Ephedra sinica ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Interleukin-10 ; blood ; Interleukin-13 ; blood ; Interleukin-3 ; blood ; Male ; Phytotherapy ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ; blood

Objective To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of rectal ultrasound-guided agon- hilium percutaneous cryoablation in treatment of patients with median and or late-stage prostate cancer patients. Methods Retrospectively analysis of 42 cases of with stage C and D prostate cancer patients treated by rectal ultrasound-guided argon&ilium percutaneous cryoablation during the follow-up of 1--12 months. The prostate specific antigen (PSA), biochemical progression-free survival (bPFS), PSA objective response, transrectal ultrasound of the prostate (TRUS), TRUS-guided biopsy of the prostate, the maximum urinary flow rate(MFR), MRI examination at before, and 3,6,12 months after cryoablatian were recorded and evaluated. The results were statistically evaluated by using variance analysis. Results The PSA value at before and 3, 6, 12 months after cryoablation were (4.48±1.35), (3.54±1.67), (3.18±1.76), (2.87±1.89) ug/L, respectively; TRUS-messured prostate volumes at before and 3, 6,12 months after cryoablation were (59.7± 8.2),(46.9±8.3),(26.2±3.9),(25.9±3.7)mm3, respectively; MFR before and 3, 6,12 months after cryoablation were (10.4±0.8), (14.3±1.2), (18.3±1.3), (18.9±1.3) ml/s, respectively; Compared with before cryoablation, the differences between before and after cryoablation was statistically significant( F = 53.93,747.92,3843.03,respectively, P<0.01). The bPFS rates in 3 months,6 months and 12 months were 95.2% (40/42), 95. 2% (40/42), and 90.5% (38/42), respectively. According to the PSA response, the total effective rate (CR 16 cases, PR 15 cases) at 12 months was 73. 8%, and SD was 16.7% (7/42), PD was 9.5% (4/42). Complications included temporary incontinence 2.4% (1/42), Penile tingling/numbness 2.4% (1/42), pelvic pain 4.9% (2/41) and Scrotum Edema 2.4% (1/42). There was no case with severe complications such as severe infection or urethrorectal fistula, etc. Condusions Rectal ultrasound-guided agon-hilium percutaneous cryoablation showed is a well tolerated and has better early clinical efficacy to the treatment of stage C and D prostate cancer.

In recent 10 years, clinical trials of Chinese medicine and pharmacy (cMP) at clinicalTrials.gov.(USA) are gradually increasing. In order to analyze features of CMP clinical register, ClinicalTrials.gov register database were comprehensively retrieved in this study. Included clinical trials were input one item after another using EXCEL. A final of 348 CMP clinical trials were included. Results showed that China occupied the first place in CMP clinical register, followed by USA. CMP clinical trials, sponsored mainly by colleges/universities and hospitals, mostly covered interventional studies on evaluating safety/effectiveness of CMP. The proportions of studies, sponsored by mainland China and companies, recruitment trials and multi-center clinical trials in interventional trials were increasing. The proportions of studies sponsored by Hong Kong and Taiwan, research completed trials, unclear research status, phase III clinical trials, and published research trials in interventional trials were decreasing. Published ratios of CMP clinical trials were quite low. There were more missing types and higher proportions in trial register information.
Biomedical Research ; China ; Clinical Trials as Topic ; Databases, Factual ; Humans ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; United States

Objeetive To investigate the effect of alteration of blood flow in the hepatic artery on the therapeutic effect of cryoablation in VX2 hepatic tumor rabbit model.Methods Thirty rabbits with VX2 hepatic tumor were divided into three groups according to hepatic artery blood flow:complete occlusion of the hepatic artery(group A),paaial occlusion of the hepatic artery(group B),and no occlusion of the hepatic artery(group C).With conventional CT scau and perfusion scan,the values of blood flow(BF)and blood volume(BV)of VX2 tumor were computed and the differences among the three groups were analyzed.After cryoablation,the animals were euthanized and the livers were removed.The hepatic tissue from the cryoablation area and surrounding area underwent both methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium(MTT)diaphorase staining and triphenyl tetrazolium chloride(TTC)staining.The gross pathology and histopathological 3.14)ml/100 g in group C,respectively.There were significant differences among the three groups in the BF and BV(F value was 452.16 and 421.33 in the BF and BV,respectively,P＜0.01);(2)The maximum diameter of cryoablation-induced necrosis was(2.3±0.3)cm in group A,(1.5±0.2)cm in group B,and(0.8±0.1)cm in group C,respectively.The difference was significant among the groups (F value was 315.32,P＜0.01).(3)There were well-defined frozen areas.bordering areas and normal surrounding areas in MTT staining.In group C,positive staining around some blood vessels could be seen.Conclusion Alteration of the blood flow in the hepetatic artery can affect the cryoablation efficacy.With the decrease of hepatic artery blood flow,the efficacy of cryoablation on liver tumor increased.

Objective: To analyze the effect of Argon-Helium cryosurgery (AHCS) on CD4+ CD25+ regulatory T cells (Treg) and its implication in patients with advanced renal carcinoma.Methods:,Peripheral venous blood samples were ob-tained from 32 patients with advanced renal cell carcinoma before and after AHCS.The proportions of Treg cells and T lym-phocyte subsets (CD3+ T, CD4+ T, CD8+ T, CD4+ T/CD8+ T, and NK cells) in the peripheral blood were measured by flow cytometry.Enhanced CT or enhanced MRI was used to observe the necrosis of tumor at 1 month after AHCS.The areas with no imaging enhancement in tumor were regarded as tumor necrosis.The necrosis rate was measured by Cavalieri method and the tumor burden was evaluated.Results: At 3 months after AHCS, the percentages of Treg cells were gradual-ly decreased from 4.18%±1.58% to 1.96%±0.54%, with a significant difference (P=0.001).At 3 months after AHCS, the pro-portions of CD3+ T, CD4+ T, NK and CD4+ T/CD8+ T were gradually increased from 19.26%±7.52%, 43.54%±12.99%, 1.15%±0.57%, and 17.49%±8.36% to 30.83%±5.69%, 49.58±10.76%, 1.84%±0.12%, and 27.63%±8.20%, with a statistical significance (P=0.000, P=0.003, P=0.02, and P=0.001).The proportion of CD8 + T was decreased from 40.86%±8.89% to the lowest ratio (26.74%±4.29%) at 3 months after AHCS, with a significant difference (P=0.000).At 3～6 months after cryo-therapy, there was only a slight change in the proportions of CD3 + T, CD4 + T, CD4 + T/CD8 + T, NK, CD8 + T, and Treg cells, with no significant difference (P>0.05).Correlation analysis showed that the decrease in tumor burden was positively correlated with the decrease of the proportion of Treg cells (r=0.793, P<0.01).Conclusion: After AHCS, the distribution of T-lymphocyte subsets can be improved and the anti-tumor immune response was strengthened.The percentage of Treg cells is correlated with tumor burden.

Objective To analyze the clinical and pathological factors which can influence the occurrence of the recurrent occlusion of metallic stents in patients with malignant biliary obstruction. Methods The clinical data of 50 patients with malignant biliary obstruction, who suffered repeated metallic stents obstruction and were admitted to authors" hospital during the period of March 2006-September 2008, were retrospectively analyzed. Of 50 patients, liver carcinoma was diagnosed in 12, pancreatic carcinoma in 17 and carcinoma of bile duct in 21. The relevant factors which might bear a relation to the occurrence of repeated metallic stents obstruction were evaluated. Results Single factor analysis of variance indicated that the denomination of carcinoma, clinical stage of carcinoma, location of obstruction, whether infection being accompanied or not, and the anti-tumor therapy after biliary stenting treatment were the significant factors closely linked to the occurrence of repeated metallic stents obstruction in patients with malignant biliary obstruction, Logistic regression analysis demonstrated that clinical stage of carcinoma, location of obstruction and whether infection being accompanied or not were the important factors that determined the occurrence of repeated metallic stents obstruction. Conclusion Clinical stage of carcinoma, location of obstruction and whether infection being accompanied or not are important reference factors for judging the occurrence of occlusion of metallic stents in malignant biliary obstruction.