Adenocarcinoma, Clear Cell ; pathology ; Female ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Ovarian Neoplasms ; pathology

Breast Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Proliferation ; Female ; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ; Humans ; Membrane Proteins ; genetics ; metabolism ; physiology ; Neoplasm Invasiveness ; Transfection

OBJECTIVETo explore effects of Shenqi preparation,Traditional Chinese Medicine, on anti-fatigue and anti-oxidant functions.

METHODSOne hundred and twenty mice were randomly divided into control group and 3 experimental groups. The high, medium and low-dose of Shenqi preparation were given to the 3 experimental groups respectively, while distilled water to the control group for 15 d. The loaded swimming time, the level of lactate, serum urea nitrogen (SUN), muscle and liver glycogen, liver super-oxide dismutase (SOD), the content of malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione peroxidase(GSH-Px) were assayed.

RESULTSThe loaded swimming test showed that the exhausted swimming time of 3 experimental groups [(296.0 +/- 25.3)s, (437.0 ĝ 38.9)s, (595.0 +/- 53.9)s respectively] was longer than that of control group [(231.0 +/- 22.5)s, P < 0.05, P < 0.01]. The liver glycogen content of the high and medium-dose experimental groups were higher than that of control group respectively (P < 0.01). The SUN content of each experimental group was less than that of the control group (P < 0.01, P < 0.05). Moreover,in the medium and high dose experimental groups, less accumulation of lactate was found (P < 0.01, P < 0.05), and the content of liver SOD and GSH-Px was higher (P < 0.01, P < 0.05). The content of liver MDA in high-dose experimental group was less than that of the control group (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONShenqi preparation, especially the high and medium-dose experimental groups, is able to improve exercise tolerance and has anti-fatigue and anti-oxidant effects in mice.

Animals ; Antioxidants ; metabolism ; Blood Urea Nitrogen ; Disease Models, Animal ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; Fatigue ; drug therapy ; metabolism ; Glutathione Peroxidase ; metabolism ; Glycogen ; metabolism ; Lactic Acid ; blood ; Liver ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Male ; Malondialdehyde ; metabolism ; Mice ; Physical Conditioning, Animal ; Superoxide Dismutase ; metabolism

Objective To assess the symptoms of patients due to indwelling double ureteral stent and their impact on quality of life. Methods Sixty patients were assessed by the specific questionnaire. Average time of indwelling stent was 21.4 d. All patients finished the special questionnaire when the stent was removed by cystoscope, including specific urinary symptoms, IPSS (international prostate symptom score), VAS (visual analogic scale) and QOL (quality of life). To assess the pain feeling, the patients were divided into 3 groups by varied methods of anesthesia, including local anesthesia, balance anesthesia and general anesthesia. Results Insertion or removal of ureteral stents with local anesthesia provoked pain in 11 of 12 (91%) patients and 8 of 10 (80%) patients in balance anesthesia group. But 38 patients of general anesthesia group did not feel any pain when inserting stents. In 54 of 60 (90%) patients, the indwelling catheter provoked one or several urinary symptoms: nocturia (70%), frequency (65%), urgency (60%), tenesmus (58%), dysuria (52%), hematuria (35 % ) and incontinence (30 %). 75 % of the patients experienced pain, in the flank and lower abdomen. 29 (48 %) patients were found to be unsatisfied with their quality of life due to the indwelling stent. Among them, 18 (62%) patients demonstrated that the provoked overactive bladder symptoms were the main influence factor of QOL, compared with 5(17 %) patients complaining pain feeling. Conclusions Urinary symptoms and pain associated with indwelling double J ureteral stents could interfere the daily activities and 50 % of patients were found reduced quality of life. Overactive bladder symptoms were the main influence of QOL during the time of indwelling stent.

Objective To lessen the learning curve of percutaneous renal lithotripsy(PCNL),we introduced a novel ex-vivo learning and training model for PCNL under fluoroscopy and ultrasonography-guided access. Methods The model was set up nailing an adult porcine kidney with＞3 cm ureter (freshly removed from the slaughtering factory),with a full thickness flap of the thoracic wall or abdomen wall with two ribs,to a board.The porcine kidney was placed within the flap with the catheterized ureter outside.The kidney was enclosed by the flap so as to create a roodel for percutaneous renal surgery;with the ribs overlying the upper portion of the kidney.The model was fixed to the board by two nails.Artificial stone material was implanted in the renal pelvis.Fluoroscopy guidance access:Retrograde pyelography via injection of contrast medium into the ureteral catheter images the collecting system. After the long axis of the target calyx is identified,the C-arm is rotated 30 degrees toward the surgeon,placing the C-arm axis in the same posterior plane of the kidney.The needle is advanced in the plane of the fluoroscopic beam,and the appropriate needle placement is determined by obtaining a bull's-eye sign on the fluoroscope screen. Rotating the C-arm to a vertical position monitors the depth of the needle penetration. Ultrasonography guidance access:The renal pelvis can he filled with normal saline through a catheter to simulate hydronephrosis and the target calyx is identified under ultrasonography guidance.The tract dilation and stone disintegration were followed.After training,the kidney can be opened to examine the target calyx and the complication of dilation. Results Altogether,126 urologists attended a urologic endoscopic technique training course.Of the 126 trainees,104 (82.5%) successfully performed the whole percutaneous procedure.At the end of training,114 (90.5 %) of the 126 attendees rated the porcine kidney model for simulation of percutaneous renal surgery as very helpful or helpful.Conclusions This biological training model simulates realistically the clinical procedure of PCNL with respect to trainee experience in a low stress environment that provides an opportunity for repetitive performances in order to learn basic technical skills for the clinical procedure of PCNL in the future.

OBJECTIVETo observe the different effect of different needle retaining times of electroacupuncture on tri geminal neuralgia.

METHODSFifty-two cases were randomly divided into an observation group (26 cases) and a control group (26 cases). Electroacupuncture at four pairs of acupoints including Xiaguan (ST 7) and Dicang (ST 4), Jiache (ST 6) and Chengjiang (CV 24), Sibai (ST 2) and Yingxiang (LI 20) and acupoints selected according to differentiation were used in both groups. The needle-retaining time of every pair of acupoints was 30 min (120 min together) in observation group, and that was 10 min (40 min together) in control group. The treatment frequency was once a day. The effect was evaluated after 4 weeks.

RESULTSThe cured rate of observation group (84.6%, 22/26) was better than that of control group (34.6%, 9/26) (P < 0.01), and the total effective rate of the former (100.0%, 26/26) was also better than that of the latter (80.8%, 21/26) (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONThe effect of needle-retaining time for 30 min at every pair of acupoints is better than that for 10 min in electroacupuncture on trigeminal neuralgia.

Adult ; Aged ; Electroacupuncture ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Middle Aged ; Time Factors ; Trigeminal Neuralgia ; therapy

Two trace impurities in the bulk drug lisinopril were detected by means of high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (HPLC/MS) with a simple and sensitive method suitable for HPLC/MSn analysis. The fragmentation behavior of lisinopril and the impurities was investigated, and two unknown impurities were elucidated as 2-(6-amino-1-(1-carboxyethylamino)-1-oxohexan-2-ylamino)-4-phenylbutanoic acid and 6-amino-2-(1-carboxy-3-phenylpro-pylamino)-hexanoic acid on the basis of the multi-stage mass spectrometry and exact mass evidence. The proposed structures of the two unknown impurities were further confirmed by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) experiments after preparative isolation.
Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; methods ; Drug Contamination ; Lisinopril ; analysis ; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ; Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization ; methods

According to the research methods for pharmaceutical chemistry of serum containing Chinese medicine, we put forward the concept, research ideas and methods of "pharmaceutical chemistry of cerebrospinal fluid containing Chinese medicine" for the first time on the basis of summary of the present situation in research on the base of single and compound Chinese medicine by applying the composition analysis methods on pharmaceutical chemistry of the drug through blood brain barrier. At the same time, scientific research value and prospect of pharmaceutical chemistry of cerebrospinal fluid containing Chinese medicine were discussed. The study on "pharmaceutical chemistry of cerebrospinal fluid containing Chinese medicine" will give an important complement to the study methods of material base of traditional Chinese medicine, and promote the modernization of traditional Chinese medicine prescriptions.
Blood-Brain Barrier ; chemistry ; metabolism ; Cerebrospinal Fluid ; chemistry ; metabolism ; Chemistry, Pharmaceutical ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; metabolism ; Humans ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Research Design

The purpose of this study is to develop glipizide push-pull osmotic pump (PPOP) tablets by using a formulation design expert system and an artificial neural network (ANN). Firstly, the expert system for the formulation design of osmotic pump of poor water-soluble drug was employed to design the formulation of glipizide PPOP, taking the dissolution test results of Glucotrol XL as the goal. Then glipizide PPOP was prepared according to the designed formulations and the in vitro dissolution was carried out. And in vivo evaluation was carried out between the samples which were similar to Glucotrol XL and the Glucotrol XL in Beagle dogs. The range of the factors of formulation and procedure, which could influence the drug release, was optimized using artificial neural network. Finally, the design space was found. It was found that the target formulation which was similar to Glucotrol XL in dissolution test could be obtained in a short period by using the expert system. The samples which were similar to Glucotrol XL were bio-equivalent to the Glucotrol XL in Beagle dogs. The design space of the key parameter coating weight gain was 9.5%-12.0%. It could be concluded that a well controlled product of glipizide PPOP was developed since the dissolution test standard of our product was more strict than that of Glucotrol XL.
Animals ; Area Under Curve ; Delayed-Action Preparations ; Dogs ; Drug Compounding ; methods ; Drug Delivery Systems ; Drug Design ; Expert Systems ; Female ; Glipizide ; administration & dosage ; chemistry ; pharmacokinetics ; Hypoglycemic Agents ; administration & dosage ; chemistry ; pharmacokinetics ; Male ; Neural Networks (Computer) ; Osmosis ; Polyethylene Glycols ; chemistry ; Random Allocation ; Sodium Chloride ; chemistry ; Solubility ; Tablets

This study is to investigate the protection effect of schisandrin B (Sch B) against oxidation stress of HK-2 cells induced by cisplatin and the mechanisms involved. HK-2 cells were cultured and divided into different groups: solvent control group, cisplatin exposure group, positive group, Sch B treatment group. Cell viability and toxicity were evaluated by MTT and LDH assay. GSH level and SOD enzymes activities were also measured. DCFH-DA as fluorescence probe was used to detect ROS level by fluorescence microplate reader. Nrf2 translocation was detected by Western blotting. Real time Q-PCR was used to detect expressions of NQO1, HO-1 and GCLC mRNA level. The results showed that Sch B could significantly inhibit the decline of cell viability induced by cisplatin treatment (P < 0.05) and the protective effect was in a dose dependent manner. Furthermore, Sch B treatment significantly inhibited the increase of ROS level induced by cisplatin and reversed the decrease of GSH level (P < 0.05). When Sch B concentration was up to 5 micromol x L(-1), SOD enzyme activities were also enhanced significantly compared with that of the cisplatin group (P < 0.05). It was shown that Sch B could cause nuclear accumulation of Nrf2 in association with downstream activation of Nrf2 mediated oxidative response genes such as GCLC, NQO1 and HO-1. These results suggested Sch B could protect against the oxidative damage of HK-2 cells induced by cisplatin via the activation of Nrf2/ARE signal pathway.
Antineoplastic Agents ; toxicity ; Antioxidants ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Cell Line ; Cell Survival ; drug effects ; Cisplatin ; toxicity ; Cyclooctanes ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Glutamate-Cysteine Ligase ; genetics ; metabolism ; Glutathione ; metabolism ; Heme Oxygenase-1 ; genetics ; metabolism ; Humans ; Kidney Tubules, Proximal ; cytology ; metabolism ; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase ; metabolism ; Lignans ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; NAD(P)H Dehydrogenase (Quinone) ; genetics ; metabolism ; NF-E2-Related Factor 2 ; genetics ; metabolism ; Polycyclic Compounds ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; RNA, Messenger ; metabolism ; Reactive Oxygen Species ; metabolism ; Schisandra ; chemistry ; Signal Transduction ; Superoxide Dismutase ; metabolism