Objective To analyze the value of color Doppler ultrasound in the diagnosis of lower extremity arterial disease in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.Methods A total of 800 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus underwent color Doppler ultrasonography to examine anterior tibial artery (ATA),dorsalis pedis artery (DPA) and posterior tibial artery (PTA).Ultrasonic findings including vascular diameter,stenosis ratio and hemodynamics of lower extremity arterial disease were analyzed retrospectively.Results ATA and DPA had more plaques and stenosis than PTA.There was no statistical difference of vascular diameter,stenosis ratio and hemodynamics between left and right lower extremity artery in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus including diabetic foot.Conclusion Color Doppler ultrasound is a useful method in the diagnosis of lower extremity arterial disease in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus,providing information of stenosis ratio and hemodynamics of lower extremity artery,so as contributing to the clinical therapy of this disease.

Objective To compare the diagnostic value of sound velocity(SV) and real-time ultrasonic elastography in differentiating benign or malignant of breast lesions.Methods 75 patients with 99 lesions were examined with the zone speed index technique and real-time ultrasonic elastography respectively.Then the SVs of the lesions were calculated and elastography of the lesions were scored with 5-scoring method.The ROC curves were constructed with histology as the golden standard.Results There was significant difference between the SVs of benign and malignant breast lesions(P =0.0001).1561 m/s was the best cufoff point.And the areas under the curves (AUC) of SV and real-time ultrasonic elastography were 0.842 and 0.968,respectively.There was significant difference between the two methods of AUC (P =0.023).The sensitivity,specificity and accuracy for SV were 81.5％,91.7％,88.9％,respectively.There was no significant difference between sensitivity,specificity and accuracy of the two methods(P =1.0,P =0.125,P =0.146).Conclusions Both SV method and real-time ultrasonic elastography are helpful in the evaluation of benign or malignant of breast lesions.

Objective To investigate the value of ultrasonic elastography(UE) in diagnosing breast small masses (diameter≤10 mm). Methods The static sonograms of conventional ultrasound(US) and UE of the 274 breast small lesions which pathologically proved were reviewed. Images were assigned according to the B1-RADS criteria for US. The elastographic images were evaluated using improved 5-scoring system.Pathology was followed up as diagnostic criteria. The diagnostic performance of the 2 methods was evaluated with receiver operating characteristic curve(ROC). Results The areas under the ROC curve of the two modalities were 0. 891 (UE) and 0.742 (BI-RADS), respectively. The difference between them was significant. Conclusions UE is helpful in differentiating between malignant and benign breast small lesions.

Ultrasonic elastography (UE) is a new technique used in diagnosis of breast tumors. Approaches to determine the potential influential factors and to increase the diagnostic accuracy of UE include: understanding the principles of UE and mastering the correct examination methods; further research on the relevant pathologic changes of breast tumors under UE; establishment of the Logistic model of malignant breast tumors based on the ultrasound characteristics. Biopsy remains an option for the atypical lesions.
Breast Neoplasms ; diagnostic imaging ; Elasticity Imaging Techniques ; Female ; Humans ; Ultrasonography, Mammary

OBJECTIVETo explore the possible mechanism of the inhibitory effect of liver X receptor alpha (LXRalpha) on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation in mouse Kupffer cells (KCs).

METHODSThe KCs isolated from the liver of male KM mice and cultured in RPMI 1640 containing 20% FBS for 24 h were divided into control, LPS, T0901317, and LPS+T0901317 groups with corresponding treatments. The expressions of LXRalpha, interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF3) and glucocorticoid receptor interacting protein 1 (GRIP1) in the KCs were detected by Western blotting. The levels of interferon beta (IFNbeta), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) in the supernatant were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).

RESULTSThe level of LXRalpha protein was highest in T0901317 group and lowest in LPS group, and was significantly higher in LPS+T0901317 group than in LPS group but lower than in T0901317 group (P<0.05). The levels of IRF3 and GRIP1 protein were the highest in LPS group, and significantly lowered by T0901317 treatment (P<0.05). The expression of IRF3 and GRIP1 proteins in LPS group and LPS+ T0901317 group were significantly higher than those in the control and T0901317 groups (P<0.05). The concentration of IFN-beta was significantly higher in LPS group than in the control and T0901317 group (P<0.05), and decreased in LPS+T0901317 group in comparison with that in LPS group (P<0.05). IFN-beta was the lowest in T0901317 group. The levels of TNF-alpha and IL-1beta were the highest in LPS group (P<0.05), and comparable between the other 3 groups (P>0.05).

CONCLUSIONPre-treatment with T0901317 before LPS stimulation can suppress the expressions of IRF3 and GRIP1 to inhibit the inflammation and hence Kupffer cell activation.

Animals ; Cells, Cultured ; Hydrocarbons, Fluorinated ; pharmacology ; Inflammation ; chemically induced ; Interferon Regulatory Factor-3 ; metabolism ; Kupffer Cells ; cytology ; metabolism ; Lipopolysaccharides ; pharmacology ; Liver X Receptors ; Male ; Mice ; Nuclear Receptor Coactivator 2 ; metabolism ; Orphan Nuclear Receptors ; physiology ; Sulfonamides ; pharmacology

OBJECTIVETo assess the effect of tea consumption on the risk of endometrial cancer.

METHODSIn a population based case-control study conducted in urban Shanghai, face-to-face interviews were completed for 995 incidence cases aged 30 - 69 from January 1997 to December 2002 and 1087 controls that frequency-matched to cases on age. Unconditional logistic model was used for analysis.

RESULTSAn inverse association was observed in tea drinking and endometrial cancer risk. Compared to non-tea drinkers, regular tea drinkers had reduced risk of endometrial cancer (OR = 0.74; 95% CI: 0.54 - 1.01) in premenopausal women. Green tea had a protective effect on endometrial cancer among non-smoking or non-alcohol drinking women (OR = 0.77, P = 0.0199) and the ORs reduced with the increasing concentration of tea being served (P for trend = 0.0493). The multivariate ORs for drinking green tea < 7 times/week and >or= 7 times/week were 0.90 (95% CI: 0.53 - 1.54) and 0.76 (95% CI: 0.60 - 0.95) with the trend test of P = 0.0163.

CONCLUSIONTea drinking, with green tea in particurlar, seemed to have weak but inverse association with endometrial cancer risk, but this effect of protection might only limit to premenopausal women.

Adult ; Aged ; Case-Control Studies ; China ; epidemiology ; Endometrial Neoplasms ; epidemiology ; prevention & control ; Female ; Humans ; Logistic Models ; Middle Aged ; Risk Factors ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Tea ; Urban Health

Objective:To investigate the impact of dexamethasone on the balance of natural regulatory T cells(nTreg) and typeⅠ regulatory T cell(Tr1) in vitro.Methods:Peripheral blood lymphocytes(PBMCs) recruited from healthy donor,divided into dexam-ethasone stimulus group and negative control group.After 3 days treatment,cells were stained.The expression of CD25,CD127, Lymphocyte-activation 3 (LAG-3) and Forkhead box P3 (Foxp3) and frequency of Treg and Tr1 were analyzed by flow cytometry.Results:Compared to the control group,after stimulation with dexamethasone for 3 days,the percentage of CD4+T cells increased in a dose-dependent manner.The expression of CD25 and Foxp3 in CD4+T cells decreased significantly (P=0.006, P<0.000 1),while CD127 and LAG-3 expression increased significantly in CD4+T cells (P<0.000 1,P=0.011).Dexamethasone treatment significantly enhance the frequency of Tr1(P=0.051),reduce the frequency of Treg (P<0.001),and the ratio of Tr1/Treg also increased(P=0.044).Conclusion:Short-term treatment with dexamethasone in vitro change the balance of natural regulatory and type Ⅰ regulatory T cells.

We delineated the molecular characteristic of recombinant strain GⅡ.P16/GⅡ.2 of norovirus associated with acute viral gastroenteritis outbreaks in Fujian Province in winter of 2016.Norovirus were detected in specimens of patients collected from the gastroenteritis outbreaks by real time reverse transcription-PCR and reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR).The PCR products of the positive samples were purified,and partial RNA dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) gene and partial capsid gene were sequenced.The sequences were analyzed using bioinformatics software and online database,and phylogenetic tree were also constructed.Norovirus were detected in all 18 stools.Analysis of 9 positive sequences indicated an emergence of norovirus GⅡ.P16/ GⅡ.2 and confirmed being the cause of gastroenteritis outbreaks.All the strains shared homology of 98％ with strains of Kawasaki 194 of Japan detected in 2016 and 97.7％-98.8％ with IPH2161-08VG06 of Belgium detected in 2008,RdRp and capsid separately.These outbreak strains showed some degree of differences from the predominant strain,2012 Sydney GⅡ.4 variant.This is the first time to have found norovirus GⅡ.P16/ GⅡ.2 causing viral gastroenteritis outbreaks in Fujian.More in-depth analysis of the Norovirus GⅡ.P16/ GⅡ.2 could be useful to optimize preventative strategies and develop new and more effective therapeutic measure.

Objective To confirm whether strain ratio should be added after evaluation of lesions with 5-point elasticity scoring for differentiating breast lesions on ultrasonic elastography(UE).Methods Eight hundred and forty-six consecutive female patients with 1 071 breast lesions were recruited into a multicenter retrospective study,which involved 8 centers across China.All the patients underwent the UE procedure and the strain ratios were calculated.The sensitivity,specificity,accuracy,PPV and NPV were calculated for each of the two evaluation systems and the areas under the ROC curve were compared.Results The strain ratios of 559 benign lesions(2.7±1.4)and 512 malignant lesions(8.1±5.9)were significantly different (P<0.001).When the cutoff point was 3.03,strain ratio method had 81.6% sensitivity,89.7% specificity,81.7% accuracy,80.2% PPV and 84.2% NPV.The areas under the ROC curve with the strain ratio method and 5-point scoring method were 0.865 and 0.862,respectively(P =0.622).For the lesions with elasticity score 3 and 4,the areas under the ROC curve of the two Methods were 0.71 1 and 0.629, respectively(P = 0.020).Conclusions Although the two UE Methods have similar diagnostic performance,separate calculation of the strain ratios seems compulsory,especially for the lesions with elasticity score 3 and 4.

OBJECTIVETo describe the clinical and epidemiological features of dead cases with human Streptococcus suis infections, and to find the target population for preventing death and the related indicators.

METHODSEpidemiological investigation on human Streptococcus suis infections was implemented used unified questionnaires. Analysis on dead cases and survival cases (as contrast) was done.

RESULTSThe population with highest fatality rate was in 40-49 age group. 97.37% of dead cases had toxic shock syndrome. The mean interval from onset to admission was 0.76 days, and the mean course was 2.11 days. The progression among dead cases was faster than that among survival cases. Chief clinical manifestations of dead cases that are more frequent than survival cases are purpura (73.68%), diarrhea (50.0%), dyspnea (21.05%), conjunctival congestion (34.21%), etc. Renal impairment and liver involvement in dead cases were more significant than that in survival cases. No significant difference between mean incubation period, exposure rates of main risk factors in dead cases and in survival cases was found.

CONCLUSIONPreventing toxic shock syndrome might reduce the fatality rate. The target population for preventing death is aged > or = 40. Liver function and renal function testing might be indicators for monitoring the progression of human Streptococcus suis infections.

Adult ; Aged ; China ; Disease Progression ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Streptococcal Infections ; blood ; microbiology ; mortality ; pathology ; Streptococcus suis ; physiology ; Young Adult