College of Stomatology of Wuhan University was the first dental school who introduced the Kavo head-simulator for clinical teaching.In this study,students of stomatology were investigated before and after head-simulator training and questionares were made.The results have showed that head-simulator teaching system not only raises the activity of student,consolidates the basic knowledge,develops the clinical thinking ability,but also increases the ability of clinical operational skill before clinical training.

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the clinical outcomes of primary anterior radical debridement, bone autograft, and sacral rod fixation for the treatment of tuberculosis of the lumbosacral segment.

METHODSFrom March 2004 to November 2008,11 patients with tuberculosis of the lumbosacral segments received antituberculosis medications for 2 to 3 weeks before anterior radical debridement, autologous iliac bone grafting, and internal sacral rod fixation. Among the patients, 5 patients were male and 6 patients were female, with an average age of (44.45 +/- 8.50) years (ranged from 29 to 56 years). The average time from stage of onset to operation was 11 months (ranged from 8 to 15 months). All the patients presented with various degrees of lower back pain; one patient experienced preoperative lower extremity radicular pain, while 2 patients experienced saddle area anaesthesia. However, only 6 patients exhibited mild to moderate tuberculous toxic reactions. All the patients were evaluated by plain radiography, computed tomography (CT), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The diagnosis of tuberculosis was made with reference to clinical and radiological findings. Surgery was performed when the toxic symptoms of tuberculosis were controlled and erythrocyte sedimentation rates (ESR) decreased to (37.2 +/- 9.6) mm/h (25 to 54 mm/h). Lumbosacral angle, visual analogue scale (VAS) scores, ESR, and neurological performance were assessed before and after surgery.

RESULTSAll surgical procedures were performed successfully without intra or postoperative complications. There were no instances of spinal tuberculosis recurrence. Patients were followed up for a mean of (19.64 +/- 5.43) months. The mean lumbosacral angle significantly increased from the preoperative mean (12.9 +/- 5.0) degrees to postoperative (21.5 +/- 6.1) degrees and at final follow-up (20.1 +/- 5.2) degrees (P < 0.001). The mean VAS scores and ESR significantly decreased from preoperative (7.3 +/- 1.2) score and (37.2 +/- 9.6) mm/h respectively to final follow-up (0.6 +/- 0.5) score and (10.5 +/- 2.3) mm/h respectively (P < 0.001). Bone fusion occurred in all patients at a mean of (9.0 +/- 1.9) months (ranged 6 to 12 months) after surgery. Three patients who had impaired neurological performance before surgery had normal neurological performance after surgery.

CONCLUSIONOur findings suggest that anterior radical debridement, interbody fusion, and sacral rod fixation can be an effective treatment option for lumbosacral segment tuberculosis.

Adult ; Debridement ; Female ; Humans ; Lumbosacral Region ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Sacrum ; surgery ; Spinal Fusion ; Tuberculosis, Spinal ; surgery

AIMTo compare the influences of wood-cultured Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides (Gl-PS-WC) and bag-cultured Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides (Gl-PS-BC) on the proliferation activities of murine spleen lymphocytes in vitro, and investigate whether Gl-PS-BC can be substituted for Gl-PS-WC.

METHODSMixed lymphocyte culture (MLC) reaction, lymphocyte proliferation induced by concanavalin A (Con A, 1 mg.L-1) or lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 5 mg.L-1), MLC reactions inhibited by immunosuppressive drugs, cyclosporine A (CsA, 0.1 mg.L-1), mitomycin (Mit C, 0.1 mg.L-1), or antitumor drug, etoposide (VP-16, 0.1 mg.L-1), were detected in the presence or absence of Gl-PS-WC and Gl-PS-BC in the concentration range of 0.2-12.8 mg.L-1.

RESULTSTwo kinds of polysaccharides were shown to promote MLC in the range of 0.2-12.8 mg.L-1, increase lymphocyte proliferation induced by Con A or LPS and antagonize the inhibitory effects of CsA, Mit C or VP-16 on MLC. No significant difference was observed between these two kinds of polysaccharides in selected concentrations.

CONCLUSIONGl-PS-WC and Gl-PS-BC showed similar effects on the proliferation activities of murine spleen lymphocytes in vitro.

Animals ; Cell Division ; drug effects ; Cell Separation ; Cyclosporine ; antagonists & inhibitors ; Lymphocyte Culture Test, Mixed ; Lymphocytes ; cytology ; drug effects ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; growth & development ; Polysaccharides ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Reishi ; chemistry ; growth & development ; Spleen ; cytology ; Wood

OBJECTIVETo further study the role of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infection in the pathogenesis of the type 2 diabetes mellitus.

METHODSHCMV DNA levels in sera from 29 type 2 diabetic patients and 23 controls were measured by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and comparative analyses was made between HCMV DNA and T cell subsets, blood glucose (BG), insulin (Ins) and C peptide (C-P).

RESULTSThe levels of HCMV DNA were (1.81+/-1.67) x 10(8) copies/ml for type 2 diabetic patients, a level significantly higher than that (5.50+/-4.30) x 10(7) copies/ml of controls. The percentage of CD8 for type 2 diabetic patients with positive HCMV DNA was 29.53%+/-2.00%, being much higher than that for controls (27.13%+/-4.12%), while the ratio of CD4/CD8 1.24+/-0.05 was significantly lower than that 1.41+/-0.10 of controls. Fasting C-P of type 2 diabetic patients with positive HCMV DNA was far lower than that of those with negative HCMV DNA, but the differences of BG and Ins between the two groups were not significant.

CONCLUSIONActive HCMV infection of type 2 diabetic patients may suppress cellular immunity and its influence on the pathogenesis of the type 2 diabetes mellitus should be further studied.

Adult ; Cytomegalovirus ; genetics ; Cytomegalovirus Infections ; complications ; immunology ; DNA, Viral ; blood ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ; immunology ; virology ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; T-Lymphocyte Subsets

OBJECTIVE: To study the incidence rate, pattern and affective factors of mental disorder due to brain damage. METHODS: According to CCMD-2-R, 388 subjects with traumatic brain damage in the Psychiatric Hospital of Huainan city within last 5 years were assessed by three psychiatrists 6 months to 1 year after brain injury. RESULTS: (1) 74.2% of the mental disordered due to brain injury have intellectual impairment, most of them is mild; (2) The intracranial hematoma, brain stem injury, brain injury extent, GCS, complicated mental disorder, and education have great effect on intellectual impairment; (3) There is an intimate relationship between the intellectual impairment and the brain stem injury, intracranial hematoma, GCS, brain injury extent, and unconsciousness time. There is an intimate relationship between the mental symptom and the brain injury extent, contusion and laceration of brain, frontal lobe injury, and intracranial hematoma. There is also an intimate relationship between the personality change and the frontal lobe injury, unfolding brain case treatment, and intracranial hematoma. CONCLUSION To assess overall mental disorder should rely on the characteristics of craniocerebral injuries.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Brain Injuries/complications* ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; China/epidemiology* ; Female ; Humans ; Intellectual Disability/etiology* ; Intelligence ; Logistic Models ; Male ; Mental Disorders/etiology* ; Middle Aged ; Neuropsychological Tests ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the influence of gender on the development and prognosis of atherosclerosis obliterans (ASO).

METHODSEight hundred and forty-two patients with ASO were treated from January 2000 to February 2007. The clinical data were retrospectively collected. And the influence of gender on the development and prognosis of ASO was investigated.

RESULTSAmong the 842 patients, 661 were male and 181 were female. The ratio of male to female was 3.65 : 1.00, and the ratio decreased with increasing age. The mean age of male and female patients were (71.7 +/- 9.0) years and (75.7 +/- 6.8) years, respectively. Significantly more iliac lesions occurred in male patients than in female, while female patients experienced more infrainguinal lesions. The coexistence rate of diabetes and amputation rate were significantly higher in female patients than in male (46.4%/24.7% and 16.0%/9.1%, respectively).

CONCLUSIONThe female patients with ASO appear to have poorer prognosis than the male, despite their lower incidence of ASO.

Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Arteriosclerosis Obliterans ; epidemiology ; therapy ; Female ; Humans ; Lower Extremity ; blood supply ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Prognosis ; Sex Factors

OBJECTIVETo examine the hypothesis that periodontitis was one of the sources of inflammation in preterm low birth weight (PLBW) mothers and investigate the relationship between PLBW and inflammatory factors.

METHODSThe samples of saliva and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) were collected from 83 PLBW mothers (PLBW group) and 44 normal birth weight (NBW) mothers (NBW group). The levels of IL-1beta and IL-6 were analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The concentrations of cytokines in saliva and GCF were compared between the two groups.

RESULTSIL-1beta level in saliva of PLBW group was higher than which of NBW group significantly [(78.32+/-11.81) ng/L vs. (39.66+/-11.89) ng/L, P<0.05]. There was no statistically significant difference on IL-6 level in saliva [(17.45+/-3.13) ng/L vs. (16.28+/-0.66) ng/L], IL-1beta level in GCF [(93.58+/-13.22) ng/L vs. (81.38+/-9.28) ng/L] and IL-6 level in GCF [(15.35+/-0.28) ng/L vs. (14.87+/-0.37) ng/L) between two groups, but those of PLBW group were higher than NBW group. Significant negative correlations existed between gestational age at delivery and probing depth. It was also found significant negative correlations between gestational age at delivery and IL-6 (r=-0.274, P<0.01), between the weight of the new born infants and IL-6 levels in saliva (r=-0.424, P<0.01), IL-1beta level in GCF (r=-0.231, P<0.01).

CONCLUSIONSThere was a tendency presenting the higher inflammatory cytokine in GCF and saliva, the shorter gestation period and the lower birth weight. The levels of cytokine in saliva and GCF were higher in PLBW mothers. The correlation may be exist between maternal periodontitis and PLBW.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Female ; Gestational Age ; Gingival Crevicular Fluid ; chemistry ; Humans ; Infant, Low Birth Weight ; Infant, Newborn ; Interleukin-1beta ; metabolism ; Interleukin-6 ; metabolism ; Periodontal Attachment Loss ; metabolism ; Periodontal Index ; Periodontitis ; metabolism ; Premature Birth ; Saliva ; chemistry ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo investigate the possible association between mother's periodontal status and preterm low birth weight (PLBW) in Beijing.

METHODSThe periodontal status of 83 women who bore a preterm low birth weight infant (PLBW group) and 44 women who bore a normal birth weight infant (NBW group) within two years in four hospitals in Beijing were evaluated. These women were all generally healthy. The clinical periodontal parameters including plaque index (PLI), probing depth (PD), attachment loss (AL) and bleeding index (BI) recorded.

RESULTSThe percentages of PD > or = 4 mm sites, AL > or = 2 mm sites and BOP(+) sites in two groups were 8.1% vs 6.9%, 12.8% vs 6.1% and 70.4% vs 66.9%, respectively, which showed significantly higher in PLBW group than in NBW group(P < 0.01, P < 0.001, P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONSThere was possible association between mother's periodontal status and preterm low birth weight in the investigated area. Poor periodontal status may be one of the risk factors of PLBW.

China ; epidemiology ; Female ; Humans ; Infant, Low Birth Weight ; Mothers ; Periodontal Diseases ; epidemiology ; Premature Birth ; etiology ; Risk Factors

OBJECTIVETo analyze the histopathology of, surgery for, and prognosis (survival rate, local recurrence rate, metastases rate, function) of epithelioid angiosarcoma (EA).

METHODSSeven patients diagnosed as EA were received treatment in our department from May 2001 to May 2011. According Enneking staging, 3 patients were classified as IIA, 3 for IIB, and 1 for III. Wide excision was performed in 3 patients and amputation in 4 patients. Seven patients were followed up from 3 to 20 months.

RESULTSOne patient had local recurrence 3 months after wide excision. Five patients had metastases at 4 to 20 months postoperatively. The cumulative survival rate at 0.5, 1 and 2 years postoperatively were 67%, 22% and 0. The function of 3 patients after limb salvage operation was good in 2 cases and poor in 1 case. The tumor site, surgical staging, and safe margin were crucial factors affecting survival rate.

CONCLUSIONSThe prognosis of EA in deep soft tissue was poor. Customized, multimodality treatment and safe margin in operation may increase the survival rate as well as decrease recurrence and metastasis.

Adult ; Aged ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Hemangiosarcoma ; diagnosis ; surgery ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local ; Prognosis ; Retrospective Studies ; Soft Tissue Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; surgery ; Survival Rate ; Treatment Outcome

GL-PP-3A, an active polysaccharide peptide, was isolated and purified from Ganoderma lucidum, and then its structure was analyzed. Crude polysaccharide peptides were extracted from Ganoderma lucidum with hot water, precipitated with ethanol and then dialyzed from Ganoderma lucidum. Subsequently GL-PP-3A was isolated and purified from the crude polysaccharide peptides by fractional precipitation and chromatography of Bio-Gel P-10 column. The repetitive unit of GL-PP-3A was analyzed by high performance gel permeation chromatography (HPGPC), monosaccharide composition and methylation analysis, 1H NMR and 13C NMR. GL-PP-3A is a heteropolysaccharide which is composed mainly of glucose (Glc), and also contains saccharide residues such as rhamnose (Rha), xylose (Xyl), mannose (Man) and galactose (Gal) and 17 kinds of amino acids. Its weight-average molecular weight (Mw) and number-average molecular weight (Mn) were 1.7 x 10(4) and 1.1 x 10(4), respectively, with the ratio of Mw/Mn ( molecular weight distribution) being of 1.49. Its backbone chain is composed of 1,6-linked beta-D-Glcp and 1,3-liked beta-D-Glcp at a ratio of 2:1. Some of 1,6-linked glucose residuals of the backbone chain are substituted at 2-0 or 3-0, and there are 1 to 3 1,6-linked beta-D-Galp or 1,3-linked alpha-D-Manp in the branched chains, the nonreducing ends of which consist mainly of beta-D-Glcp and a few Rha.
Amino Acids ; analysis ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Glucose ; analysis ; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ; Molecular Weight ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Polysaccharides ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Proteoglycans ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Reishi ; chemistry ; Rhamnose ; analysis ; Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet