Photothermal therapy (PTT) has attracted significant attention due to minimal side effects and high treatment specificity. However, it often requires very high temperature to achieve complete tumor ablation under a single PTT. Such high temperature brings obvious thermal damage and inflammatory response to the body, affecting the therapeutic effect. In recent years, nitric oxide (NO) has been used to significantly inhibit tumor growth and enhance the sensitivity of tumor cells of temperature and drugs, thus enhancing the therapeutic effect. However, compounds as NO donors often have some disadvantages such as poor biocompatibility and untargeted delivery, etc., therefore, this medical application based on NO therapy is limited. In conclusion, the organic combination of NO donors and photothermal agents (PTAs) is expected to overcome the shortcomings of single therapy and achieve the antitumor effect of "1 + 1 > 2". In view of the rapid development of NO combining with PTT in tumor therapy, this review firstly introduces the antitumor mechanisms of different types of NO donors. Then the treatment strategy based on NO combined with PTT is discussed. Finally, the prospects and challenges of this combination therapy strategy in the clinical treatment of cancer are discussed.

Background Porcine fibrin sealant kit has been widely used in surgery for clotting and woundssealing.It is thought to be a substitution for inert gas and silicone oil in vitrectomy.But whether it produce toxic effect on retina or not after intravitreal injection is still studying.Objective This study aimed to investigate the retinal toxicity of porcine fibrin sealant kit following intraocular application.Methods Vitrectomy was performed on bilateral eyes of 15 pigmented rabbits.Porcine fibrin sealant kit of 0.5 ml was intravitreally injected in the lateral eyes of the rabbits as the experimental group,and equal volume of BSS was used at the same way in contralateral eye as control group.The inflammatory response of eye was observed under the slit lamp and ophthalmoscopy in 1 day,3,7,15,30 days after injection.Schi(o)tz tonometer was used to measure intraocular pressure(IOP) in 1 day,3,7 days,and retinal function was evaluated by electroretinogram (ERG) before operation and 30 days after operation.B-ultrasonic examination was carried out 30 days after surgery.Animals were sacrificed and eyeballs were obtained for retinal histopathological and ultrastructural examination in 30 days after operation.Results Complications appeared in 7 eyes of the experimental group,including cataract in 3 eyes,proliferation vitreoretinopathy and retinal detachment in 5 eyes,endophthalmitis in 1 eye,however,the cataract in 2 eyes and retina injury in 2 eyes were found in 15 control eyes.On the 30 days after injection,no inflammation was found in the 8 eyes without complication in the experimental group and 11 eyes in the control group.The IOP change was insignificant in different groups and various time points (Fgroup =0.008,P =0.929 ;Ftime =3.600 P =0.075).No significant difference was found in a-wave amplitude between groups and various time points(Fgroup =0.728,P =0.405 ; Ftime =0.516,P =0.482),and so was the b-wave amplitude (Fgroup =0.222,P =0.644 ; Ftime =0.057,P =0.814).On the 30th day after operation,arrangement of the retina was regular and no tissue edema and inflammatory cell infiltration were seen in both groups under the light microscope.Transmission electron microscope revealed that the ultrastructures of retinal cells,photoreceptor and retinal pigment cell were normal with the clear subcellular organelle,intact cellular membrane structure and mitochondria in both groups.Conclusions Domestic porcine fibrin sealant kit does not produce toxic effect on retina after intravitreal injection in rabbit.

OBJECTIVETo observe the effect of different needling manipulation in improvement of swallow-period obstacle of dysphagia after stroke.

METHODSOne hundred and eleven cases were randomly divided into a single Lianquan RN 23 shallow needling group (group A ), single Lianquan (RN 23) deep needling group (group A2) and Lianquan (RN 23) and para-Lianquan deep multi-needling group (group B). The therapeutic effect was investigated after continuous treatment for 14 days.

RESULTSThe total effective rate was 95. 0% in the group B, 65. 7% in the group A1 and 83. 3% in the group A2, with significant difference or very significant difference when the group B compared with the group A, and the group A, (P<0. 01 or P<0. 05); the cured and markedly effective rate was 82. 5% in the group B, 20. 0% in the group Al and 52. 8% in the group A2, with a very significant difference as the group B compared with the group A, and A2 (both P

CONCLUSIONDeep needling with multi-needles can significantly improve swallow-period obstacle of dysphagia after stroke with higher safety and rapid effect.

Acupuncture Therapy ; methods ; Aged ; Deglutition Disorders ; therapy ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Stroke ; complications

OBJECTIVETo investigate the functional reconstruction technique for partial lower lip defects.

METHODS7 patients with lower lip cancer (3 cases of basal cell carcinoma, 2 cases squamous cell carcinoma and 2 cases papillary carcinoma) underwent excision. The full-thickness lower lip defects were one-third to two-third of the total lower lip length. All the defects were reconstructed with V-Y island advancement flaps based on the mental neurovascular bundle.

RESULTSThere was no flap loss. No recurrence was observed during the follow-up period of 3 months to one year. Both the aesthetic appearance, muscle function and sensation of the reconstructed lower lip were satisfactory.

CONCLUSIONSMental neurovascular V-Y island advancement flap is an ideal method for functional repair of partial lower lip defect.

Aged ; Carcinoma, Basal Cell ; surgery ; Chin ; innervation ; Female ; Humans ; Lip ; injuries ; Lip Neoplasms ; surgery ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Reconstructive Surgical Procedures ; methods ; Surgical Flaps ; blood supply

Objective To study on epidemiologic characteristics of human plague cases in Sanjiangyuan Area,and provide theoretical basis to work out the preventive measures.Methods Based upon the epidemiology information from the human plague case data bank of Qinghai Province,human plague data were analyzed retrospectively in Sanjiangyun Area by sorting,verifying and summing up of these data,including some of case file and monitoring data.Results Except for 12 years in the period of 1960 to 2006,there were human plague cases happened every year.The morbidity occurred mainly in 12 counties of 4 states,including Yushu,Guolou,Huangnan and Hainan,and Tanggula Town of Geermu City,a total of 85 human plague episodes were occurred,resulting 238 onsets,134 deaths,and a matality rate of 56.30%.The sources of infection were respectively Himalayan mormot 27.31%(65/238),artiodactyls 14.71%(32/238),carnivora 2.10%(5/238),Lagomorpha 0.42%(1/238),the pneumonic plague patient 49.16%(117/238),and biting of flea 6.30%(15/238).The prevalent season was from May all the way to November,the peak-months were August and September.After October,the sheep as the source of infection initiating human being plague accounted for 23.53%.Among the clinical types,the most prevalent type was pneumonic type(61.34%),and the rest,glandular type(17.23%),septic type(16.81%)and other types(4.62%),but the first plague case in each epidemic was mainly the glandular plague.Conclusions In recent years,the tendency of human plague prevalence increases in Sanjiangyuan Area,it is urgent to improve and adjust the prevention and treatment measures in time.

OBJECTIVEto investigate if the cartilaginous surface and corresponding osseous contour of the patellofemoral joint match in the axial plane for providing theoretical basis with evaluating alignment of patellofemoral joint and designing the part of patellofemoral joint in knee prosthesis.

METHODSfrom January 2009 to March 2010, 9 human cadaver knees were prepared, which chandra of patellofemoral joint didn't degenerate. Each specimen was sectioned in the axial plane at 20° to 30° knee flax. The cross-sections revealed characteristics in the bony anatomy and corresponding articular surface geometry of the patellofemoral joint in the axial plane. Evaluating parameters included osseous patella congruence angle (OPCA), chondral patella congruence angle (CPCA), patella chondral convex point parameter (PCCPP), patella subchondral osseous convex point parameter (PSOCPP), the parameters of the deepest (chondral or osseous) point of the intercondylar sulcus. After that, the osseous and cartilaginous contours and subchondral osseous contours of the patella in the axial plane were analyzed through MRI data of 11 patients who didn't degenerate in patellofemoral joint cartilage. Parameters as same as cadaver knees were compared.

RESULTSdata from specimens of OPCA was (-4.5 ± 1.1)°, CPCA was (0.5 ± 0.8)°, PCCPP was 1.13 ± 0.11, PSOCPP was 1.67 ± 0.14, PCDPIS was 1.35 ± 0.28, PODPIS was 1.38 ± 0.33. Date from MRI of OPCA was (-3.8 ± 1.4)°, CPCA was (0.7 ± 1.0)°, PCCPP was 1.05 ± 0.21, PSOCPP was 1.73 ± 0.18, PCDPIS was 1.41 ± 0.21, PODPIS was 1.37 ± 0.27. The patella exhibited significant differences in the bony vs. chondral anatomy (P < 0.05), but the intercondylar sulcus nearly match in the bony vs. chondral anatomy.

CONCLUSIONSthe cartilaginous surface and corresponding osseous contour of the patella don't match in the patellofemoral joint axial plane, but that of the trochlea nearly matches. This is very important for accurately evaluating alignment of patellofemoral joint because the normal osseous alignment of patellofemoral joint don't represent the normal alignment and helpful for designing the part of patellofemoral joint in knee prosthesis.

Biomechanical Phenomena ; Cartilage, Articular ; anatomy & histology ; Femur ; anatomy & histology ; Humans ; Patella ; anatomy & histology ; Patellofemoral Joint ; anatomy & histology

Dengue ; epidemiology ; Dengue Virus ; genetics ; isolation & purification ; Evolution, Molecular ; Genes, Viral ; Humans ; Viral Envelope Proteins ; genetics

Animals ; Antibodies, Monoclonal ; immunology ; Atrazine ; analysis ; immunology ; Chromatography, Gas ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Food Contamination ; analysis ; Herbicides ; analysis ; immunology ; Mass Spectrometry

Objective To study the rate of mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) on HIV-1. Methods All local residents from 8 townships in a region were screened for mothers who had a history of only one blood transfusion and 63 were found HIV-1 positive. A further study on these HIV-1 positive mothers and their children was conducted with the emphasis on the date of receiving blood transfusion, date and type of nationality, history regarding breastfeeding and so on. Sera specimens from 84 children born from 63 HIV-1 positive mothers were screened, using ELISA for HIV-1 antibody, and positive specimens were confirmed by Western-blot. Results The rate of MTCT was 32.1% (27/84) for children with all risk factors related to MTCT. Another 36.8% (7/19) were related to factors on intrauterine, intrapartum and breastfeeding, 35.7% (5/14) to intrapartum and breastfeeding factors, 14.3% (2/14) to intrauterine and intrapartum factors, 37.9% (11/29) to breastfeeding factor alone. By group combination analysis, the MTCT rate was 36.9% (24/65) with breastfeeding, 11.8% (2/17) with artificial feeding, and the former was significantly higher than the latter. Conclusion HIV-1 MTCT rate among mothers caused by a single blood transfusion varied with different risk factors. Breastfeeding played an important role in MTCT, appeared in our study.

OBJECTIVETo develop a system to rescue virus by intracellular expression of T7 RNA Polymerase.

METHODSThe gene of T7 RNA Polymerase was amplified and cloned to VR1012 by molecular biological technology. The expression plasmid VR-1a was then identified. VR-1a and EV71 infectious plasmid were co-transfected in Vero cell. CPE was observed and viral gene viral antigen were detected.

RESULTSThe gene of T7 RNA Polymerase was successfully cloned into vector VR1012. Vero cell developed to CPE after being transfected VR-1a and EV71 infectious plasmid. EV71 gene was amplified by RT-PCR from the culture. EV71 antigen was also detected by ELISA.

CONCLUSIONThe method can be used to rescue virus. It could apply to immunologic research of EV71 DNA vaccine.

Animals ; Cercopithecus aethiops ; DNA-Directed RNA Polymerases ; genetics ; metabolism ; Enterovirus A, Human ; genetics ; physiology ; Gene Expression ; Genetic Engineering ; methods ; Genetic Vectors ; genetics ; metabolism ; HeLa Cells ; Humans ; Plasmids ; genetics ; metabolism ; Transfection ; Vero Cells ; Viral Proteins ; genetics ; metabolism ; Virus Replication