One-day-old unvaccinated chicks were inoculated with serotype I virulent strain GA and vaccine strain CVI988, serotype III vaccine strain HVT o f Marek's disease viruses(MDV). By using an indirect immunofluorescence assay of suspensions of peripheral blood mononuclear cells(PBMC) with monoclonal antibo dies(MAb) BA4 and BD8 specific to glycoprotein B of MDV, The dynamic course s of vir emia levels for each of 3 strains from 4 days to 45 days postinfection (PI) were determind. Viremia for virulent strain GA-infected chickens were detected from 4 days PI until days before death of infected chickens, it got its peak at abou t 14 days PI. Viremia in serotype 1 vaccine CVI988-inoculated chickens were mea sured between 4 to 22 days PI, it could be detected from 4 days PI and ended at 18 days PI, it got its peak at 8 days PI. For serotype 3 vaccine HVT-inoculated chickens, viremia could be detected beween 4 to 14 days PI, its peak happened a t about 6 days PI. Such IFA with MAbs BA4 and BD8 could be used to evaluate qu al ity of vaccination process in chicken flocks. The differential dynamic courses o f viremia for different strains may be used to diagnose virulent MDV infection i n vaccinated flocks. The viremia levels measured by IFA with the MAbs and co-cu ltivation assay for plague forming unit(PFU) were compared. The results indicate d that IFA assay of PBMC suspension was more sensitive and specific than co-cu ltivation assay, i.e. viremia levels measured by IFA were 30 to 100-fold higher than that by plague-forming assay in CEF for the same sample.

Objective To evaluate the effect of single injection of low dose zoledronic acid on bone resorption.Methods332 menopausal patients with bone deficiency treated in our hospital were selected.The patients were treated with zoledronic acid 1mg (1mg group), 2.5mg treatment group (2.5mg group), 5mg treatment group (5 mg group) and placebo treatment group (control group), each group of 83 patients.The patients of 1mg group, 2.5mg group and 5 mg group were treated with 1mg, 2.5mg and 5mg zoledronic acid alone.The patients in the control group were given intravenous infusion of placebo.Evaluated the lumbar spine (L1-L4) and total hip bone mineral density (BMD) and bone metabolic markers at baseline, 6, 12, 18, and 24 months in the four groups.The bone metabolic criteria included t β-Cterminal-telopeptide of type I collagen (β-CTX) and procollagen type-I N-terminal propeptide (P1NP).ResultsThe Lumbar spine BMD and the Total hip BMD were significantly higher in 1mg group than baseline value and Simultaneous valueand in the control group (P<0.05), The difference were statistically significant (all P<0.05).The values at 8 and 24 months decreased gradually.The value was significantly lower (P<0.05) compared with the control group, There were no statistically significant difference compared with the simultaneous value in control group.The lumbar BMD and the total hip BMD in 2.5mg and 5mg groups were significantly lower than the baseline values during the whole trial period (all P<0.05).The trend of β-CTX and P1NP was similar to that of BMD in each group.ConclusionIntravenous injection of 1 mg and 2.5 mg of zoledronic acid produces anti-bone resorption that can last for at least 1 year.After one year of treatment, The effect of single injection of 2.5 mg of zoledronic acid on bone is similar to that of single injection of 5 mg zoledronic acid.1 mg zoledronic acid produced by anti-bone resorption can last for 12 months, and then slowly disappear.

Objective To observe the learning and memory changes in coal-burning type of fluorosis rats, detect the expressions of neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptor(nAChR) at mRNA and protein levels in rat brains and to reveal the mechanism of changed learning and memory ability. Methods Twenty-four healthy SD rats, weighting 100 - 120 g, were randomly divided into three groups(8 in each). Control group was fed with normal diet, and low- and high-dose fluoride groups were fed with corn polluted with high fluoride (fluoride were 11.30,104.20 mg/kg, respectively) during drying processes with local burning-coal from the areas of endemic fluorosis to established rat model of chronic fluorosis. After exposed to fluoride for 6 months, behavioral changes were measured by Morris water maze. Animals were sacrificed, the brain was taken, after homogenizing the fluoride content of brain tissue was determined by fluoride ion selective electrode. The α3, α4 and α7 nAChR subunits at mRNA and protein levels were analyzed by real-time PCR and Western blotting, respectively. Results For rats in low- and high-fluoride groups, the escape latency time[(12.42 ± 8.03),(17.48 ± 8.05)s] was significantly longer than that in the control[(7.04 ± 3.29)s, all P< 0.05]. For rats in high-fluoride group, the numbers of crossing the platforms (1.62 ± 0.87) and the time of staying at the platforms[(16.70 ± 5.02)s] were significantly decreased as compared to that of control[3.53 ± 1.67, (23.33 ± 5.35)s, all P < 0.05]. The fluoride content in rat brain tissue in low- or high-fluoride groups [(1.14 ± 0.04), (1.79 ± 0.04)mg/kg] was significantly higher than that of control [ (0.52 ± 0.05) mg/kg, all P < 0.05]; in addition, the amount of fluoride in brain tissue of high-fluoride group was significantly higher than that of low-fluoride group(P < 0.05). In high-fluoride group, the mRNA expressions of α3, α4 and α7 nAChR subunits in rat brains(1.51 ± 0.20,1.45 ± 0.06,1.63 ± 0.08) were significantly lower as compared to controls (1.79 ± 0.11,1.66 ± 0.14,1.83 ± 0.06, all P< 0.05); whereas there were no significant changes in mRNA levels of these receptor subunits of the rat brains between low-fluoride group(1.65 ± 0.17,1.59 ± 0.09,1.71 ± 0.03) and controls (all P > 0.05). Furthermore, the protein levels of α3, α4 and α7 nAChR subunits in rat brains of highfluoride group(0.58 ± 0.13,0.16 ± 0.03,1.41 ± 0.38) and low-fluoride group(0.56 ± 0.23,0.08 ± 0.02,0.51 ± 0.16) were significantly lower than those of controls( 1.48 ± 0.42,0.57 ± 0.21,2.56 ± 0.26, P<0.05 or < 0.01). Conclusions Decreased ability of learning and memory in coal-burning type of fluorosis rats may be associated with declined expressions of nAChR at proteins and mRNA levels, which might be the main mechanism of the behavior change.

Acute Disease ; Aneurysm, Dissecting ; complications ; Aortic Aneurysm, Thoracic ; complications ; Female ; Humans ; Myocardial Infarction ; etiology

Adolescent ; Female ; Heart Septal Defects, Atrial ; complications ; therapy ; Humans ; Male ; Pulmonary Veins ; abnormalities ; Young Adult

Cellulase was produced by growing Penicillium sp. NXP25 in liquid medium consisted of 5% com cob powder, 3% wheat bran, 0.35% nitrogen source No 10 and 0.3% calcium chloride. The optimum culture conditions were initial pH 5.0, 10% mycelial inoculum, temperature 29℃, shaking speed 280r/min and cultivation time 72h. When determining enzyme activity at 50℃, endo-1, 4-?-glucanase activity, extro-1, 4-?-glucanase activity, ?-glucosidase activity and filter paper enzyme activity of the supernatant of the culture were 841u/mL, 13u/mL, 24u/mL and 46u/mL, respectively. The optimum pH and temperature for the action of the above enzymes were pH 4.8 and60℃, pH5.0 and 50℃, pH 4.5 and 70℃, pH 5.0 and 55℃, respectively. Stable pH range of the above enzymes were 3.0-7.0, 4.0~6.0, 4.0~7.0 and 4.0~6.0, respectively. After incubating the enzyme complex at 65C for 30min, 24% of endo-1, 4-?-glucanase activity, 7% of extro-1, 4-?-glucanase activity, 89%of ?-glucosidase activity and 8% of filter paper enzyme activity were remained, respctively.

Objective To analyze the data collected from surveillance sites in Shanxi province in epidemiological investigations during 2004 - 2008 and understand the influence of such factors as rat density and vectorial quantities on plague epidemic intensity, thus provide some scientific basis for plague control and prevention. Methods To collect the data of surveillance during 2004 - 2008 in the 12 counties of plague surveillance by retrospective method. Sort and analyze the collected data according to the requirement of operational scheme for plague surveillance-calculate the rat density of spermophilus dauricus, meriones meridianus and the small rodents, and the flea index and the flea infection ratio of body flea, burrow track, cave. The results of serological tests were analyzed at the same time. Results As showed in the results, the mean density of spermophilus dauricus was 1.12 merely in each hectare, and that of meriones meridianus and small rodents were 7.42%(2130/28 700) and 8.03%(3886/48 400), respectively. The flea infection rate of spermophilus dauricus and meriones meridianas were 25.78% ( 1933/7497 ) and 44.19% (2028/4598), respectively;the flea index of spermophilus dauricus and meriones meridianus were 0.59 and 1.84, respectively. The number of nests excavated with flea for spermophilus dauricus was 70, and the numbers of nests and flea were 362 and 333, respectively. The flea infection rate was 19.34 % (70/362), and the flea index was 0.92. The number of nests excavated with flea for meriones meridianus was 34, and the numbers of nests and flea were 177 and 124, respectively. The flea infection rate was 19.21%(34/177), and the flea index was 0.70. The number of caves explored for spermophilus dauricus was 7171,and the number of burrows with flea was 62, so the flea infection rate was 0.86%(62/7171 ), and the flea index was 0.01. Conclusions With a relatively high density and large quantity and considering the epidemic features of animal plague in periphery provinces in recent years, plague may still happen and spread in Shanxi province diespite the negative results of all those serological tests, by means of importing from other provinces.

Objective To analyze the early warning indicators of tuberculous peritonitis (TBP)in patients with cirrhotic ascites.Methods A retrospective analysis was performed on the clinical data of 62 patients with cirrhotic ascites hospitalized in the Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University from January 2010 to December 2012.The chi-square test and Mann-Whitney U test were used for uni-variate analysis,while the logistic regression model was used for multivariate analysis.Results There were significant differences between TBP group and non-TBP group in sex,history of primary peritonitis,erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR),serum tuberculosis antibody, percentage of lymphocytes in ascites (≥50%),and prothrombin activity (PTA)(P<0.05 for all).The odds ratios (ORs)of history of primary peritonitis,PTA,ESR,and percentage of lymphocytes in ascites (≥50%)for development of TBP in patients with cirrhotic ascites were 1.933,3.205,2.716,and 11.701,respectively (P<0.05 for all),and the areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve were 0.831,0.815,0.775,and 0.935,respectively (P<0.05 for all).Conclusion History of primary peritonitis,PTA,ESR,and per-centage of lymphocytes in ascites (≥50%)are the early warning indicators of TBP in patients with cirrhotic ascites;these early warning in-dicators,especially percentage of lymphocytes in ascites (≥50%),have good predictive values.