Child ; Codon, Nonsense ; genetics ; DNA Mutational Analysis ; DNA Primers ; genetics ; Dent Disease ; diagnosis ; genetics ; Exons ; genetics ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Mutation ; Oculocerebrorenal Syndrome ; diagnosis ; genetics ; Phosphoric Monoester Hydrolases ; genetics ; Polymerase Chain Reaction

Background Trachoma is a common infectious eye disease,and its incidence is associated with region,economy and sanitary condition.To survey the prevalence status of an area is very important for the prevention and treatment of trachoma.Objective Aim of this study was to survey the prevalence of trachoma in primary and secondary school students of Chifeng Keshiketengqi,and to investigate the relationship between the prevalence of trachoma with age,gender,ethnicity and living environment.Methods This was a cross-sectional study.According to cluster random sampling method,2067 students were drawn from 10 primary and secondary schools,including 1061male and 1006 female.The age of students ranged from 6 to 17 years old,with the average age (12.53 ± 2.31)years.In the taken samples,Han students were 1768,and Mongolian students were 299;the agricultural and pastoral students were 1209,and the urban students were 858.The general life factors associated with trachoma were surveyed by questionnaire.Trachoma was diagnosed and graded based to 1987 WHO Simplified Trachoma Grading Standards.Eye examinations included visual inspection,eyelids,conjunctiva and cornea neovascularization under the slit lamp microscope,and the clinical data were recorded and collected.The results were statistically analyzed by SPSS13.0 software.Results According to the sampling proportion of 10.05％,2153 students were included and 2067 students participated in this study with the response rate 96％.Trachoma was diagnosed in 972 students with a morbidity 47.0％.The prevalence rate of trachoma was increased with the ageing,and a statistically significant difference was seen among the 6-8 years group,9-11 years group,12-14 years group and 15-17 years group (x2 =11.043,P =0.011),and the prevalence of trachomatous infiltration was significantly higher than that of trachomatous folliele (x2=11.493,P＜0.05).The prevalence rate of trachoma in Han and Mongolian students was 45.8％ and 54.5％,showing a significant difference between them (x2 =6.228,P =0.013).In addition,statistically significant differences also were found in the prevalence rate of trachoma between the pastoral areas students and urban students (56.1％ vs.39.7％,x2=30.226,P =0.000),but no significant difference was seen between male and female (47.0％ vs.46.9％,x2 =0.000,P =0.995).Conclusions The trachoma prevalence rate is relatively higher in the primary and secondary students in Chifeng Keshiketeng.These results offer a basis for the prevention and treatment of trachoma.

Objective To observe the influence of peripheral serum came from patients with hepatectomy at different time points on hepatocyte proliferation in vitro. Methods According to the different types of cultured serum, cultured HL-7702 cells were divided into fetal bovine serum (FBS) group, preoperative serum group, 0.5 h, 3 h, 24 h and 72 h post operative serum groups. All groups of cells were cultured for 72 hours in the Cell-IQ unmarked living cell image analysis system, and the amplification curves of each group were mapped by continuous counting of cells. The cell amplification multiple was compared between all groups after culturing for 72 hours. BrdU immunofluorescence staining was performed and BrdU positive rate was calculated for comparing the cell proliferation of all groups. Results Amplification curves showed that HL-7702 cell proliferation rates of all human serum groups except for 72 h post operative group were higher than those of FBS group. Human serum 0.5 h and 3 h postoperative groups were more obvious. The amplification multiples of human serum groups, except for 72 h post operative group were all significantly higher than those of FBS group (P<0.01), and 0.5 h and 3 h post operative groups were both significantly higher than those of preoperative group (P < 0.05). BrdU positive rates of all human serum groups were significantly higher than those of FBS group (P < 0.01), which were significantly higher in 0.5 h and 3 h post operative groups than those of preoperative group (P < 0.05), but there were no statistical differences between 24 h and 72 h post operative groups and the preoperative group. Conclusion Human serum can promote the proliferation of hepatocytes compared with that of FBS. The influence of serum acquired post hepatectomy is closely associated with the post operative time.

A total of 61 Strains were isolated from five perennial ryegrass(Lolium perenne L.)varieties——SR4000, CalypsoⅡ, Pinnacle, Topgun and Justus. By subculture, the stable strains were separated into four morphological groups(MGs). Based on the morphological characteristics and the results of AP-PCR, 57 strains of them were identified as Neotyphodium lolii.

0.05). Conclusions Biopsy for the malignant melanoma in female genital tract has high misdiagnosis rate. Immunohistochemistry assay could improve diagnosis markedly.The FIGO staging system fails to predict the prognosis accurately.Surgery plays an important role in treatment,while the adjuvant chemotherapy could improve survival effectively.

Objective To study the effect of bromocriptine(BRC) on the activation of T lymphocyte stimulated by phytohemagglutinin(PHA).Methods After CD4+ T cell line Jurkat E6-1 cells were stimulated by PHA,prolactin(PRL) and BRC,respectively,the expression of linker for activation of T cells(LAT) and zeta-chain T cell receptor associated protein kinase 70 000(ZAP-70) mRNA of T lymphocytes were checked by RT-PCR.The expression of PRL mRNA of T lymphocytes was detected by Real time PCR.The expression of CD25(cluster of differentiation) as a marker of early activation on the surface of T lymphocytes was detected by flow cytometry,and the activation of nuclear factor-?B(NF-?B) was detected by luciferase reporter system.Results 1.BRC inhibited the expression of ZAP-70 as the common signal molecules both in the T lymphocyte activation pathway and PRL-prolactin-prolactin receptor(PRLR) signal transduction pathway,and decreased the expression of PRL mRNA produced by activation T lymphocytes.2.BRC enhanced the expression of LAT mRNA as another important signal molecular on the T lymphocytes and CD25 on the surface of the T lymphocytes.3.The activation of NF-?B of T lymphocytes was decreased.Conclusions BRC might inhibit the activation of T lymphocytes by inhibiting the expression of ZAP-70,the common signal molecules between T lymphocytes activation and PRL-PRL pathway,and PRL mRNA,the like-T lymphocyte growth factor.

Background In recent years,with the contiunous progress of the refractive surgery,the operation skill of phakic intraocular lens(PIOL)implantation for correcting extreme high myopia,astigmatism,farsightedness have made greater progression,and its security,effectiveness in clinical attract much more attention. Objective This study was to evaluate the efficacy,safety and stability of Toric Implantable Collamer Lens(TICL)for extreme high myopic astigmatism. Methods This retrospective case series included 33 eyes of 27 patients from May 2008 to February 2009.A TICL was intraocularly implanted via a 3 mm clear corneal incision after paraocular anesthesia.Patients were examined preoperatively and followed-up at 1 day,1 week,1 month,3,6,12 and 18 months postoperatively.The examinations included uncorrected visual acuity,best corrected visual acuity(BCVA),slit lamp examination,refraction,intraocular pressure,endothelial cell morphometry,etc.The written informed consent was obtained from each patient before any medical procedure. Results The uncorrected visual acuity in 96.97% eyes was equal or improved after operation in comparison with BCVA of preoperation.The spherical refraction was within-1.00 D-+0.25 D.The cylinder refraction was within-1.00 D-0 D.The axial deviation of TICL within 10 degree was 93.94%(31/33).No significant differences were found in the intraocular pressure and endothelial cell morphometry between preoperation and postoperation(intraocular pressure:F=3.35,P=5.49;endothelial cell morphometry:t=1.835,P=0.082).The visual acuity and refraction were stable during the follow-up.Astigmatic axial rotation required surgical intervention on one eye.One eye occurred high intraocular pressure because of bigger TICL diameter.The intraocular pressure returned to normal after TICL was exchanged.No cataract occurred during the follow-up duration. Conclusion TICL implantation appears to be an effective,safe and reliable method for extreme high myopic astigmatism.

OBJECTIVETo identify independent risk factors influencing the survival time of patients with chronic liver failure and construct a predictive model.

METHODSRetrospective analysis was applied to clinical data of 362 patients with chronic liver failure treated with artificial liver in Tianjin third centre hospital between May 2002 and May 2007. Data were analyzed with SPSS 13.0 statistic software, t test and rank test were used on quantitative data, chi-square test was used on qualitative data, Cox regression analysis was used to select the independent risk factors influencing the survival time. According to independent risk factors from Cox regression model, a prognostic model was established.

RESULTS1. Independent risk factors (P less than 0.05) influencing the survival time were: Child-Pugh score, bilirubin separation ALT, ascites, arginine, age, tyrosine and serum sodium. 2. By receiver operating characteristic curves (ROC) analysis, the area under ROC (AUR) to predict the outcome of chronic liver failure patients was 0.782, and the cutoff score was 27.69.

CONCLUSIONS1. Child-Pugh score, bilirubin separation ALT, ascites, arginine, age, tyrosine and serum sodium are independent risk factors affecting survival time of patients with chronic liver failure. 2. Cox model we constructed can reliably predict the survival time of patients with chronic liver failure.

Objective To make a comparison for the neutrophils prepared either by induction of differentiation of myeloid leuke-mia cell line,or by separation and purification of peripheral blood cells,or by induction of myeloid differentiation of peripheral blood stem cells.Methods NB4 cells were induced differentiation by 1μmol/L all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA)to mature granulo-cytes;neutrophils were separated and purified from peripheral blood by lysis of red blood cells followed by negative selection using magnetic bead-labeled antibodies;hematopoietic stem cells were separated and purified from peripheral blood by Percoll gradient centrifugation followed by negative selection using magnetic bead-labeled antibodies,and were induced to myeloid differentiation by GM-CSF and G-CSF.Morphology and purity of neutrophils prepared by these three methods were studied by means of MGG stai-ning.CD18 protein expression and subcellular distribution were studied by means of immunofluorescence staining.Results Purity of neutrophil was above 40% by induction of differentiation of NB4 cells,and was about 90% if purified from peripheral blood,and was above 70% if induced by myeloid differentiation of peripheral blood stem cells.There was no obvious difference for CD18 ex-pression in neutrophils prepared by these three methods,and staining of CD18 had a dotted pattern distributed in these cells.Con-clusion Peripheral blood neutrophils prepared by lysis of red blood cells followed by negative selection using magnetic bead-labeled antibodies are with high purity and viability which is suitable for immediate test of neutrophils from fresh blood.Neutrophils pre-pared by myeloid differentiation of hematopoietic stem cell are with high viability and last for days,which can be used in long test for neutrphils.

Background Heat shock proteins (HSPs) are highly conserved proteins that are induced in cells when confronted with a wide variety of proteotoxic stresses.HSP27 has a high degree of similarity with α-crystallin protein.The abnormality of HSP27 structure and expression are closely related to the formation of cataracts.Our previous study showed sodium salieylate has the protective effect on H2O2-induced lens damage.Objective This study was to investigate the roles of MAPK signal pathway in sodium salicylate-induced the expression of HSP27 in human lens epithelial cells (LECs) in vitro.Methods Human LECs were incubated in the fresh media containing sodium salicylate at different concentrations (0-55 mmol/L) for different times (1-5 hours) and allowed to be recovered in fresh medium without sodium salicylate for 1-24 hours with or without pretreatment with P38MAPK inhibitor (SB203580), ERK1/2 inhibitor (PD98059) and JNK/SAPK inhibitor ( SP600125). The expressions of P38MAPK, EBK1/2, JNK/SAPK, phosphorylated P38MAPK, phosphorylated ERK1/2, phosphorylated JNK/SAPK and HSP27 were detected by Western blot. HSP27 mRNA was detected by RT-PCR. The expression of HSP27 was also detected by immunohistochemistry. Results There was only weak expression of HSP27 in normal human LECs.After stimulation of 35-55 mmol/L sodium salicylate was removed and human LECs were cultured again for 6 hours,the expression of HSP27 in LECs were significantly increased ( F= 509. 953,P<0. 01). HSP27 was absent expressed in human LECs in 55 mmol/L sodium salicylate stimulation for 1-5 hours groups, but LECs were re-cultured for 3,6 hours after removed the stimulation, the expression of HSP27 was elevated (F = 452. 534, P<0. 01). Activation of P38 M APK occurred after sodium salicylate stimulation 30 minutes and 1 hour ( F = 865.68, P<0. 01). However, ERK 1/2 was expressed after sodium salicylate was eliminated for 1-6 hours ( F = 388.84, P<0. 01). JNK/SAPK was inactived by sodium salicylate. The expression of HSP27 could be down-regulated with the pretreatment of SB203580 and PD98059. Conclusion Sodium salicylatc can induce the expression of HSP27 in human (LECs) . The effects are mediated,at least in part ,through the activation of P38MAPK and ERK1/2 signaling pathway .