Aurantii Fructus is the dried and immature fruit of Citrus aurantium and its cultivars. To investigate the chemical constituents of Aurantii Fructus, the separation and purification of constituents were performed by column chromatography on silica gel LH-20, HW-40, ODS, PHPLC and PTLC. Fourteen flavonoids, including four flavone glycosides and ten polymethoxyflavones (PMFs) were isolated from the EtOAc fraction and Petroleum ether fraction of Aurantii Fructus and their structures were identified by physicochemical properties and spectral data (NMR and MS) as (2R) -and (2S)-6"-O-acetylprunin (1,2), naringenin-7-O-β-D-glucopyranside (3), 5,7,4'-trihydroxy-8,3'-dimethoxyflavone-3-O-6"-(3-hydroxyl-3-methylglutaroyl)-β-D-glucopyranoside(4), 4'-hydroxy-5,6, 7-trimethoxyflavone (5), natsudaidain (6), nobiletin (7), sinensetin (8), 5,6,7,4'-tetramethoxyflavone (9), 5,7,8,4'-tetramethoxyflavone (10), 3,5,6,7,8,3',4'-heptamethoxyflavone (11), tangeretin (12), 5-demethyl nobiletin (13), and 5-hydroxy-6,7,3', 4'-tetramethoxyflavone (14). Compound 3-5 s were isolated from this plant for the first time and compound 1 was a new one.
Citrus ; chemistry ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Flavonoids ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Fruit ; chemistry ; Mass Spectrometry ; Molecular Structure

Objective To analyze the antimicrobial susceptibility of Mycoplasma isolates for rational antimicrobial therapy. Methods BioM?rieux IST kit was used for identification and susceptibility testing of Mycoplasma strains.Results Mycoplasma was positive in 49.5% of the specimens tested.Of the Mycoplasma detected,Ureaplasma urealyticum(Uu)alone accounted for 74.7%,Mycoplasma huminis(Mh)alone accounted for 18.1%,and Uu+Mh was identified in 7.2% of the patients.The results of antimicrobial susceptibility testing showed that the Mycoplasma isolates were most susceptible to doxycycline (98.1%).Ciprofloxacin was the least active (17.3%).Conclusions Doxyeycline,josamycin,and clarithromycin can be used in the treatment of urinary tract infections caused by Mycoplasma.

Objective To assess the proficiency of water monitoring laboratory at rural, county, and provincial levels in Guangdong province, to ensure the province's drinking water monitoring results accurate and reliable. Methods State quality of certified reference materials as water arsenic, fluoride and chloride of 90 copies each were numbered and distributed to 90 monitoring laboratories in the province for testing, The measurement results of the participatory labs were evaluated through normative values and expanded uncertainty, and were compared with those of robust statistics method. Results All participatory labs had timely feedback of their measurement results. The qualified rate was higher when arsenic was tested by hydride generation atomic fluorescence spectrometry and zinc-new silver salt of sulfuric acid spectrophotometric system, while fluoride and chloride by ion chromatography. The average qualified rates of water arsenic, fluoride and chloride of the province's rural drinking water quality monitoring laboratory were 66% (59/90), 72% (65/90) and 72% (65/90), respectively.Seven participatory labs failed the proficiency testing of all three analytes and unqualified rate was 7.8% (7/90)among the ninety participated monitoring labs. The qualified rates of robust statistics method for arsenic fluoride and chloride were greater than those evaluated by the expanded uncertainty, and large deviations with small sample sizes. Conclusions The testing ability of drink-water monitoring labs in Guangdong province has improved.However, by comparison with the requirements of national quality control and testing skills, there is still a gap. It is suggested that internal quality control be included in routine inspeetion to improve laboratory testing technology.

OBJECTIVETo isolate exosomes from rabbit aqueous humor and to investigate their immunosuppression function.

METHODSAqueous humor was collected from 40 New Zealand rabbits and exosomes were isolated by fractional separation and ultracentrifugation methods; the morphology was studied with electron microscopy. The immunosuppressive-related proteins of exosomes were detected with Western blotting; their inhibitory effect on ConA-induced proliferation of T lymphocyte was estimation with CCK-8 cells proliferation assay.

RESULTSEight milliliters of aqueous humor were collected from 40 New Zealand rabbits and 200 μg exosomes was yielded. Under electron microscope, the exosomes had typical structure of lipid bi-layer with a diameter of 50-100 nm. The results of Western blotting showed that these exosomes expressed Hsp70, CD9 and Alix but not Grp94, presenting a typical exosomes protein profile. Moreover, exosomes expressed high level of TGF-β and significantly inhibited the proliferation of T lymphocytes.

CONCLUSIONImmunosuppressive exosomes can be isolated from rabbit aqueous humor, which may be involved in immunotolerance of the eye.

Animals ; Aqueous Humor ; immunology ; Cells, Cultured ; Exosomes ; immunology ; metabolism ; ultrastructure ; Female ; Immune Tolerance ; Male ; Rabbits ; T-Lymphocytes ; immunology

Objective To evaluate the effect of the intermittent deferomamine(DF) therapy on relieving iron overload caused by transfusion in children with ? thalassemia.Methods Sixteen children who were finally diagnosed as ? thalassemia major were treated with deferomamine for 124 times totally to low the iron overload. The serum iron(SI), serum ferritin(SF) and urine ferritin were detected each time with radio-immunity technique and difference was compared before and after treatment. Meanwhile, weather DF involved children′s liver and renal function was observed in whole procedure.Results Iron overload exists in 16 cases of ? thalassemia major children by a long- term hypertransfusion therapy, with average level SI 33.69?6.72 mmol/L,SF 441.19? 54.70 ?g/L,urine ferritin 8.64?6.79 ?g/L. The difference was significant (paired-samples t test,t =6.173 P 0.05).Conclusion The study suggest that intermittent low-dose DF therapy is effective for iron overload caused by transfusion in ? thalassemia children, without apparent side effects.

Colectomy ; Colorectal Neoplasms/surgery* ; Humans ; Laparoscopy ; Treatment Outcome

OBJECTIVETo explore the lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS), especially those in the urinary storage phase, following transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP), and to improve the postoperative management and patients' quality of life after TURP.

METHODSA total of 86 patients with benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH) underwent TURP, and were interviewed on urinary symptoms at 1, 3, 7, 15 and 30 days after removal of the catheter. The patients were divided into two groups according to whether they had preoperative detrusor instability and/or compliance of the bladder (Group A) or not (Group B), and observed for the changes in IPSS scores and urinary storage symptoms after removal of the catheter.

RESULTSComplete follow-ups were achieved in 71 cases, 28 with detrusor instability and/or compliance of the bladder and the other 43 without. Their IPSS scores on the 1st, 3rd, 7th, 15th and 30th day after removal of the catheter were 8.1 +/- 2.5, 7.2 +/- 3.1, 6.3 +/- 3.8, 5.3 +/- 4.2 and 2.4 +/- 3.4, respectively, with statistically significant differences between the 7th and the 1st as well as the 30th and the 15th day (P < 0.05), but not between the 1st and the3rd nor the 15th and the 7th day (P > 0.05). On the 1st day, the cardinal symptoms in the urinary storage phase were urinary frequency, urgency and incontinence; the scores on IPSS and urinary storage symptoms were 10.4 +/- 3.3 and 9.3 +/- 3.8 in Group A and 6.2 +/- 2.8 and 5.2 +/- 2.7 in Group B, with significant differences between the two groups (P < 0.05). After treatment with tolterodine and alpha-adrenoreceptor inhibitor, neither IPSS scores nor the scores on urinary storage symptoms showed any significant differences between Groups A and B on the 15th and 30th day (P > 0.05).

CONCLUSIONThe lower urinary tract symptoms following TURP, especially those in the urinary storage phase, are correlated with preoperative bladder function, and getting improved gradually after surgery.

Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Postoperative Period ; Prostatic Hyperplasia ; physiopathology ; surgery ; Quality of Life ; Transurethral Resection of Prostate ; Treatment Outcome ; Urinary Incontinence ; etiology

OBJECTIVETo detect the presence of ion channel protein and its role in cell growth and proliferation in human head and neck squamous carcinoma cells (SCC).

METHODSHuman head and neck squamous carcinoma SCC-25 cell line was tested with transient receptor potential melastatin 7 (TRPM7) antibody using the method of immunocytochemistry. The role of TRPM7 in cell growth and proliferation was evaluated through its blockade by ion channel blockers and specific siRNA using lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) assay technique.

RESULTSClear immunoreactivity against TRPM7 was detected in almost all SCC-25 cells tested, whereas no immunoreactivity was observed in negative control. The inhibitory effect of Gd3+, a non-specific ion channel blocker, on cell growth and proliferation was potent. Addition of 10 micromol/L Gd3+ (n = 16) and 100 micromol/L Gd3+ (n = 16) in the culture medium significantly inhibited the growth of SCC-25 cells, as compared with control cells growing in normal medium (t was 4.1414 and 6.2661, P was 0.0256 and 0.0082 respectively). However, the effect of 2-APB was striking. Cell proliferation was almost totally suppressed in the presence of 100 micromol/L 2-APB (t = 13.4493, P = 0.0008, n = 16) compared with cells growing in normal medium. Suppression of TRPM7 expression by siRNA also significantly inhibited the growth and proliferation of these cells (t = 4.3446, P = 0.0002, n = 32, compared with nontransfected cells),whereas cells transfected with negative control siRNA showed no difference in cell proliferation compared with nontransfected cells.

CONCLUSIONSAll of those results strongly suggest the existence of TRPM7 channel in human head and neck squamous carcinoma cells. Ion channel blockers serve as a potent inhibitor of SCC-25 cell proliferation. The striking inhibitory effect of 2-APB on cell growth and proliferation may promise clinical workers an inspiring remedy for fighting against carcinoma.

Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; metabolism ; pathology ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Proliferation ; Head and Neck Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; Humans ; Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases ; TRPM Cation Channels ; metabolism

To study the chemical constituents of the Entada phaseoloides (L.) Merr., seeds of Entada phaseoloides were extracted with 70% ethanol at room temperature. Isolation and purification were performed by silica gel, reversed-phase silica gel column chromatography and semi-preparative HPLC. Structures of the pure compounds were established on the basis of spectral analysis. Four sulfur-containing amide compounds were isolated from the n-BuOH-soluble fraction and identified as entadamide A-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-->3)-beta-D-glucopyranoside (1), entadamide A (2), entadamide A-beta-D-glucopyranoside (3) and clinacoside C (4). Compound 1 is a new compound. Compound 4 is isolated from the genus Entada for the first time.
Acrylamides ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Fabaceae ; chemistry ; Molecular Structure ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Seeds ; chemistry ; Thioglucosides ; chemistry ; isolation & purification

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the effect and acute toxicity of concurrent radio-chemotherapy, by NVB and DDP, plus concurrent radiotherapy in comparison with chemotherapy alone in the treatment of inoperable locally advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (LANSCLC).

METHODSSixty-four patients with inoperable LANSCLC were randomly divided by envelope method into two groups: concurrent radio-chemotherapy group (n = 33) and conventional chemotherapy group (n = 31). The patients in conventional chemotherapy group were treated by NP regimen (NVB + DDP): NVB 25 mg/m(2), d1, 8 and DDP 25-30 mg/m(2) d1-3. In the radio-chemotherapy group by NP regimen plus conventional radiotherapy by (60)Co: 64-68 Gy/2 Gy x 5/w x 6-7w.

RESULTSAll patients completed the treatment schedule. The overall response rate (CR + PR) in the radio-chemotherapy group was significantly higher than that in the conventional chemotherapy group: 81.8% vs 45.2%, (P < 0.01) with 1- and 2-year survival rates of 69.7% vs 38.7% (P < 0.05) and 39.4% vs 16.1% (P < 0.05). without any significant difference in the acute toxicity between two groups (P > 0.05).

CONCLUSIONCompared with conventional chemotherapy (NVP and DDP), concurrent radio-chemotherapy (NVP and DDP plus concurrent radiotherapy) is more effective and tolerable for the inoperable locally advanced non-small-cell lung cancer.

Adult ; Aged ; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols ; therapeutic use ; Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung ; drug therapy ; radiotherapy ; Cisplatin ; administration & dosage ; Combined Modality Therapy ; Female ; Humans ; Lung Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; radiotherapy ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Radiation-Sensitizing Agents ; administration & dosage ; Vinblastine ; administration & dosage ; analogs & derivatives