Objective To study the effectiveness of alkaline electrolyzed water (AEW)in the cleaning of medical instruments and its corrosive effect on metal. Methods Medical instruments of solid smooth,solid with gear or tube were cleaned with AEW adding ultrasonic washing,cleaning efficacy were compared with conventional method, AEW without pulsing ultrasonic washing and control group,corrosive effect of AEW on metal immersed in AEW was tested. Results Cleaning efficacy of solid smooth,solid with gear or tube instruments were significantly differ-ent among four groups(F= 10.868,14.268,6.146,respectively,all P<0.05). For solid smooth instruments, cleaning with AEW adding ultrasonic and cleaning without ultrasonic had a better effect than conventional cleaning (both P<0.005);For solid with gear instruments,AEW adding ultrasonic cleaning obviously had a better effect than conventional cleaning and AEW without ultrasonic cleaning(both P<0.001 );For tube instruments,cleaning efficacy of three cleaning methods were not significantly different (all P>0.05). AEW had no corrosive effect on stainless steel and copper. Conclusion The cleaning efficacy of AEW on solid smooth,solid with gear instruments is su-perior to conventional cleaning method,and can achieve better effectiveness if ultrasonic cleaning is added.

The effects of rapamycin on the expression of Bcl-2 and Bax protein in in vitro cultured human lens epithelial cells (LECs) and cell cycle were investigated in order to provide the theoretical basis for the development of new inhibitory drugs for clinical prevention and treatment of after-cataract. The cultured LECs of second and third passages were collected and treated with rapamycin. The LECs were transferred into 96-well culture plates and divided into 6 groups, and each group was set to have 8 duplicate wells. In the negative control group, the LECs were given culture medium only, and in the blank control group, only culture medium was given. In the four rapamycin-treated groups, different concentrations (20, 40, 60 and 80 ng/mL) of rapamycin were given. After treatment for 24, 48 and 72 h, the absorbance (A) values in each well were determined by MTT assay. The cell cycles of all groups were detected by using flow cytometry. Real-time fluorescent quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RFQ-PCR) and Western blot were used to detect the mRNA and protein expression of Bcl-2 and Bax respectively. MTT assay showed that rapamycin could inhibit proliferation of LECs in a time- and dose-dependent manner. Flow cytometry revealed that rapamycin could block the conversion of LECs from G1 phase to S phase, resulting in the increase of cells in G(1) phase and the decrease of the cells in S phase. RFQ-PCR indicated that rapamycin could down-regulate the expression of Bcl-2 mRNA, but up-regulate the expression of Bax mRNA, suggesting it could induce apoptosis of LECs. Western blot demonstrated that rapamycin could suppress the expression of Bcl-2 protein, but promote the expression of Bax protein. It is concluded that rapamycin could inhibit proliferation of LECs probably not only by blocking the progression of cell cycle, but also by promoting the induction of apoptosis.

ObjectiveTo explore the relationship between β2-adrenergic receptor (β2-AR) gene Arg16Gly polymorphism and essential hypertension (EH) in elder (≥60 years old).Methods150 old healthy controls and 115 old patients with EH (all of them without kin relation) were selected to test genotype of β2-AR by the technique of polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-PFLP).ResultsThe frequencies of three genotypes (Arg/Arg, Arg/Gly and Gly/Gly) were 22.81%, 53.51% and 23.68% in the EH group and 27.33%, 67.33% and 5.33% in the controls respectively. The frequencies of Arg and Gly allele were 49.56 % and 50.44% in the EH group, and 61.00% and 39.00% in the controls. There was a significant difference in distribution of alleles/genotypes between EH group and controls ( P<0.05).Conclusionβ2-AR Arg16Gly gene polymorphism is possibly associated with hypertension in this study population.

The effects of sodium salicylate on the expression of heat shock protein 27 (HSP27) during oxidative stress in tissue-cultured human lens epithelial cells were investigated. Cultured human lens epithelial cells (HLB-3) were divided into 3 groups: control group (group A), oxidation injury group (group B) and sodium salicylate group (group C). Apoptosis of human lens epithelial cells cultured in vitro was induced in the presence of 150 micromol/L H2O2. Cells viability and the expression of HSP27 were analyzed. Viability of the cells was measured by methyl thiazole tetrazolium (MTF) chromatometry. The expression of HSP27 in HLB-3 cells was detected by using immunohistochemistry and image analysis system. Sodium salicylate could induce the expression of HSP27, and the cells viability in group C was significantly higher than in group B (0.2667+/-0.01414 vs 0.2150+/-0.01080, P=0.012<0.05). The average gray value of HSP27 in group B was less than that in group C (P=0.000<0.05). The increased expression of HSP27 by sodium salicylate might play an important role in the protection of hydrogen peroxide-induced injury of human lens epithelial cells, suggesting that sodium salicylate could suppress, at least in part, the apoptosis of human lens epithelial cells.

Rho/Rho-kinase signaling pathway is a ubiquitous one in vivo.It plays a role of "molecular switch"by regulating the polymeric state of intracellular actin cytoskeleton,and participates in the regulation of various cellular functions.Rho/Rho-kinase signaling pathway plays an important role in the risk factors.pathogenesis and pathophysiological processes of ischemic cerebrovascular disease.The inhibition of Rho/Rho-kinase signaling pathway may achieve a significant neuroprotective effect.

Objective To explore the causes of the misdiagnosis of spontaneous rupture of spleen.Methods 8 cases of spontaneous rupture of spleen during 1986～1998 were reviewed retrospectively.Results 5 cases were misdiagnosed, with the misdiagnosing rate of 62.5%.Conclusion For unknown upper bellyache accompanied with unexplainable loss of blood and with no history of trauma,the patients should be examined by B ultrasound or abdominal puncture should be peformed.If there is pathological process of liver and spleen such as schistosoma and hepatitis or the excessive functioning of spleen,the more attention should be paid to the occurrence of spontaneous rupture of spleen.Furthermore,the increase of the belly pressure caused by satiation or hard labour helps to diagnose such case.

Cyclooxygenase-2(COX-2)is an inducible enzyme that regulates prostaglandin synthesis and is overexpressed at sites of inflammation and in several epithelial cancers.Data indicate that COX-2 is involved in the regulation of apoptosis,angiogenesis,and immune response.The biological function of COX-2 appears to be associated with tumorigenesis.Recently, multiple studies have shown that COX-2 plays a critical role not only in maintenance of the endometrium during the menstrual cycle,but also in the progression of endometrial cancer.This review outlines the status of COX-2 expression and its association with clinicopathologic features and clinical outcome in endometrial cancer.

The clinical data of 22 cases with gastrointestinal stromal tumors were retrospectively analized.The main clinical manifestations were gastrointestinal bleeding (14/22),abdominal discomfort (5/22) and abdominal lump (3/22),stomach was the most common site of the tumor (14/22).All 22 cases underwent surgical treatment and pathological examination confirmed that 12 cases were benign.Immunohistochemical results showed that 68% cases were negative in solubility acid protein-100 (S-100),and the positive rates of tyrosine-protein kinase acceptor 117 (CD117),hemopoietic stem cell antigen 34 (CD34) and negative rate of smooth muscle actin (SMA) were all 73%.Eighteen cases were followed up for 1-5 years after operation,among them 3 died.The survival was closely related to the size,the pathological characteristics and the recurrance of the tumor as demonstrated by multivariate Cox regression analysis.Since gastrointestinal stromal tumor has no specific clinical manifestations,preoperative diagnosis is difficulty,so surgical resection and subsequent pathological examination is used for confirmation of diagnosis,as well as treatment of the disease.

Objective To observe the degree of choriocapillary ectasia (CCE) and sub-foveal choroidal thickness (SFCT) in central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC) with different activity and discuss their relations.Methods Forty eyes of 40 CSC patients were recruited.The activity of CSC was determinate by fundus fluorescein angiography (FFA).There were 23 eyes with active CSC (active-CSC group),and 17 eyes with inactive CSC (inactive-CSC group).All eyes in both groups were examined with optical coherence tomography angiography(OCTA),and the CCE area of the choriocapillary layer was measured within a 3 mm× 3 mm zone centered on the central fovea of macula.Ectasia was classified based on CCE area,more than 66％ of examination area was high ectasia,and 33％-66％ as medium ectasia,below 33％ as low ectasia.SFCT was measured with frequency domain optical coherence tomography.The relationship between CCE degree,SFCT and CSC group was analyzed.Results Among the 23 eyes of active-CSC group,there were 5 eyes of low ectasia,12 eyes of medium ectasia,6 eyes of high ectasia.Among 17 eyes of inactive-CSC group,there were 11,4,2 eyes of low,medium and high ectasia respectively.Active-CSC group had more advanced degree of ectasia than that in inactive-CSC group(Z=-2.472,P=0.013).SFCT of active-CSC group and inactive-CSC group were (418.13±-126.15),(429.76±105.80) μm respectively,the difference was not significant (t=-0.308,P=0.760).SFCT in eyes with low ectasia,medium ectasia,high ectasia were (419.13±105.60),(381.00±125.12),(515.13±67.68) μm respectively.The difference among the three group was statistical significant (F=4.106,P=0.025).SFCT in eyes of high ectasia was obviously thicker than low ectasia and medium ectasia,the difference was statistical significant (P=0.007,0.048);the SFCT difference between low ectasia and medium ectasia did not appear statistical significance (P=0.326).There was no linear relation between SFCT and CCE degree (r=0.247,P =0.124).Conclusions Active-CSC eyes has more advanced CCE degree than inactive-CSC eyes,but SFCT is the same between the two groups.High ectasia eyes have thicker SFCT.