OBJECTIVETo investigate the epidemiological and clinical features of calicivirus-associated diarrhea in hospitalized children in Chengdu, China in recent years.

METHODSThe clinical data of 267 children with calicivirus-associated diarrhea aged <5 years who were hospitalized in Chengdu Women and Children's Central Hospital (the only sentinel hospital for sample collection of pediatric viral diarrhea in Chengdu, Sichuan) between January 2012 and December 2014 were retrospectively studied.

RESULTSAmong the 267 children, 200 (74.9%) were aged less than 1 year. The infection rate of calicivirus was 28.4%, 21.6%, and 27.1% in 2012, 2013, and 2014, respectively. Calicivirus was prevalent in summer and autumn (August to October). The detection rate of Norovirus II was 85.8% (229/267), and 244 children (91.4%) experienced an acute clinical course. Watery stool was the most common change in stool properties (82.0%, 219 children), and some specimens showed mucus and/or blood. Most children had moderate to severe fever. One hundred and thirty-eight children (53.9%) experienced a reduced serum prealbumin level. One hundred and fifty-nine children (59.6%) experienced flora imbalance.

CONCLUSIONSCalicivirus has become one of the major pathogens for diarrhea in children aged <5 years in Chengdu, with Norovirus II as the dominant strain. Calicivirus is prevalent in summer and autumn. Infants aged <1 year are the main population affected by calicivirus-associated diarrhea, with watery stool as the most common manifestation.

Adolescent ; Caliciviridae Infections ; epidemiology ; Child ; Child, Hospitalized ; Child, Preschool ; China ; epidemiology ; Diarrhea ; epidemiology ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Time Factors

OBJECTIVETo study the distribution of aldehyde dehydrogenase-2 (ALDH2) polymorphisms between healthy Zhuang and Han ethnic individuals in Guangxi Autonomous Region and its influence to the behaviors of alcohol consumption.

METHODSPolymerase chain reaction with confronting two-pair primers (PCR-CTPP) and polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) techniques were used to genotype ALDH2, respectively, and alcohol consumption was recorded in a constructed questionnaire.

RESULTSThe frequencies of ALDH2 alleles (ALDH2(1)/ALDH2(2)) among Zhuang and Han ethnics were 0.511, 0.489 and 0.508, 0.492 respectively (chi2 = 0.001, P > 0.05). The ALDH2 genotypes were verified with PCR-RFLP method. The frequencies of ALDH2(1) genotype in alcoholics (> or = 3 times drinking per week) were 35.59% and 15.67% in Zhuang and Han groups respectively (chi2 = 5.800, P = 0.016).

CONCLUSIONThere was no significant different distribution of ALDH2 genotype among healthy Zhuang and Han ethnic people. The genotype of ALDH2 in different ethnicity might influence individual behavior of alcohol consumption.

Adult ; Aldehyde Dehydrogenase ; genetics ; Aldehyde Dehydrogenase, Mitochondrial ; Alleles ; China ; DNA Primers ; genetics ; Female ; Gene Frequency ; Genotype ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; methods ; Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length

OBJECTIVETo investigate the clinicopathological features, diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of primary clear cell carcinoma of the liver (PCCCL).

METHODSThe clinicopathological data of 24 cases with pathologically proven PCCCL in the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University from May 1996 to December 2003 were collected and analyzed.

RESULTSThere were 21 males and 3 females in this group, with an average age of 46 years (range: 30 approximately 78 years). HBV infection was detected in 83.3%, and AFP expression was found in 75.0% of them. Of the 24 cases, 28 tumors were found with an average size of (6.64 +/- 5.54) cm. Liver cirrhosis was found in 75.0% of the patients. Macroscopic and microscopic tumor thrombi were found in 20.8% and 29.2%, respectively. Lymph node metastasis was found in 4.2% of the patents. The 1-, 3-, and 5-year overall survival rates of the 24 cases were 75.0%, 41.7% and 27.8%, respectively, with a median survival time of 29 months.

CONCLUSIONThe clinical characteristics of primary clear cell carcinoma of the liver are similar to that of common hepatocellular carcinoma. It is difficult to be diagnosed preoperatively and final diagnosis depends on pathological examination. Surgical resection is an effective way to achieve favorable treatment outcome and even long-term survival.

Adenocarcinoma, Clear Cell ; blood ; pathology ; surgery ; virology ; Adult ; Aged ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Hepatectomy ; methods ; Hepatitis B ; Humans ; Liver Neoplasms ; blood ; pathology ; surgery ; virology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local ; Survival Rate ; alpha-Fetoproteins ; analysis

OBJECTIVEMultiple sclerosis is a demyelinating disease frequently showing a relapsing-remitting disease course. Clinical manifestations of 25 inpatients with MS were summarized and analyzed so that the clinical features and therapeutic approaches to childhood multiple sclerosis (MS) were investigated in order to improve its diagnosis and management.

METHODSClinical features and information during following-up of 25 cases with MS from June 1993 to May 2006 were collected and analyzed.

RESULTSAmong the 25 cases, 16 were female and the F:M ratio was 1.78:1. The relapsing-remitting type was seen in 21 cases, the secondary progressive MS in 3 cases and the classification was impossible in one case. The mean age of onset was 6.7 years (2-12) with various initial symptoms including visual loss (11 cases), cortical symptoms (8 cases with seizures, consciousness disturbance, aphasia and apraxia, etc.), myeleterosis (3 cases), symptoms of brainstem (2 cases) and cerebellar ataxia (1 case). Fever was present in 10 cases at the onset. Nine cases were monosymptomatic, while the other 16 had multiple symptoms. Visual loss occurred in 19 cases during the course of MS and 22 were found to have abnormal visual evoked potential (88%). The mean course of disease was 8.5 years (1.2-17.2) and 0-4 times of recurrences (0 means no new clinical attack occurred during following-up period).

CONCLUSIONSMS is increasingly recognized as a disease affecting children though it is uncommon. Childhood MS possesses some manifestations different from those of adults. There was a female predominance. The most common finding at the onset of disease was optic neuritis. Other features include acute onset and shorter course of disease. Atypical demyelinating symptoms were often seen. White matter lesions on MRI are required for the diagnosis. CSF oligoclonal bands could be found less commonly than in adults. Neurological sequelae were less often seen than in adults MS even though optic nerve atrophy and visual loss were relatively common. Steroid and IVIG are effective in acute period treatment.

Age of Onset ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Demyelinating Diseases ; etiology ; Disease Progression ; Female ; Humans ; Immunoglobulins, Intravenous ; immunology ; Male ; Multiple Sclerosis ; immunology ; physiopathology ; therapy ; Optic Neuritis ; etiology ; immunology ; Secondary Prevention

The aim of study was to investigate the effect of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) children bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) on resistance of K562/A02 cells and its mechanism. MSC obtained from bone marrow of AL children were cultured and identified. The co-culture of MSC and K562/A02 and the culture of K562/A02 cell suspension alone was performed, of which 2 kinds of cells were treated with same concentration of adriamycin (ADM), and the rate of apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry, bcl-2 and bax of K562/A02 were detected by RT-PCR, while mdr1 gene level was detected by FQ-PCR. The results indicated that the MSC separation and proliferation were viable and steady. The apoptosis rate of the K562/A02 cells co-cultured with MSC was 1.97 ± 0.11%, while apoptosis rate of the K562/A02 cells cultured alone was 8.38 ± 0.29%, there was significant difference (p < 0.05). As compared with the K562/A02 cells cultured alone, the bcl-2 gene expression in K562/A02 cells co-cultured with MSC obviously increased; ratio of bcl-2/bax was obviously enhanced. The mdr1 gene level in K562/A02 co-cultured with MSC was no statistical different from K562/A02 cultured alone (p > 0.05), which suggested that adhesion co-cultured with MSC did not induce mdr1 expression higher than the culture of suspension. It is concluded that the MSC of ALL children can escape the leukemia cells from proapoptotic effect of drugs, the resistance of K562/A02 to ADM may be involved in enhancement of bcl-2 gene expression of K562/A02 cells co-cultured with MSC, but not in relation to mdr1 gene in K562/A02 cells themselves.
ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Sub-Family B ; ATP-Binding Cassette, Sub-Family B, Member 1 ; genetics ; Bone Marrow Cells ; drug effects ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Doxorubicin ; pharmacology ; Drug Resistance, Multiple ; genetics ; Drug Resistance, Neoplasm ; genetics ; Female ; Gene Expression Regulation, Leukemic ; Humans ; K562 Cells ; Male ; Mesenchymal Stromal Cells ; drug effects ; Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma ; genetics ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 ; genetics ; bcl-2-Associated X Protein ; genetics

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the anginal attack-relieving efficacy and safety of Kuanxiong Aerosol (KA) in patients with coronary heart disease (CHD).

METHODSA total of 780 patients confirmatively diagnosed as CHD angina from November 2011 to December 2012 in 13 medical centers in the mainland area were assigned to 2 groups by blocked randomization, the treatment group (376 cases) and the control group (374 cases). When the angina attacked, patients in the treatment group received sublingual spray three times, 0.6 mL each time, while those in the control group sublingually dissolved Nitroglycerin Tablet (NT), 0.5 mg each tablet. The effective rate of angina relief, efficacy of electrocardiogram (ECG), and the incidence of adverse reactions were observed.

RESULTSThe 3 min and 5 min remission rates of angina attack were 53.72% (202/376) and 94.41% (355/376) in the treatment group, and 47.86% (179/374) and 90.64% (339/374) in the control group. The 95% confidence interval (CI) of the difference between the 2 groups of 3 min and 5 min remission rates of angina attacks were [(-1.84%, 12.32%) and (-1.33%, 6.85%) respectively, P > 0.05]. The total improvement rates of ST-T changes in the treatment group and the control group after treatment were 74.07% and 73.13% respectively (P > 0.05). The adverse reaction rate was 9.31 (35/376 cases) in the treatment group and 22.46% (84/374 cases) in the control group (P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONKA was not inferior to NT in relieving anginal attacks and improving ischemic ECG changes, and had obviously less adverse reaction.

Aged ; Angina Pectoris ; drug therapy ; Coronary Disease ; drug therapy ; Drug Combinations ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Oils, Volatile ; therapeutic use ; Phytotherapy

OBJECTIVETo compare the complications of direct and antirefluxing techniques of ureterointestinal anastomosis in continent urinary diversion.

METHODSSixty-three patients underwent continent urinary diversion. Twenty-four patients were treated by the direct ureteroenteric anastomosis and the others treated by the antirefluxing technique. The follow up studies included following-up the information of ureteric stricture, ureteric reflux, renal function and acute urinary infection. It was assessed for 3 months to 6 years with a mean follow up of 26 months after operation.

RESULTSOf 78 ureters reimplanted using antirefluxing technique. A total of 12 ureters had anastomotic stricture formation postoperatively. Only one of 48 ureters reimplanted using direct anastomoses had anastomotic stricture. The difference between the direct and antirefluxing technique groups was remarkable (chi2 = 4.375, P < 0.05). Furthermore, there was no significant difference between the direct and antirefluxing technique groups in regard to ureteric reflux, renal function and acute urinary infection.

CONCLUSIONSAntirefluxing anastomoses resulted in obviously higher rate of ureterointestinal anastomotic stricture in comparison with the direct anastomosis. The direct ureteroenteric anastomosis may be the suitable choice for patients undergoing continent urinary diversion.

Adult ; Aged ; Anastomosis, Surgical ; methods ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Intestines ; surgery ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Postoperative Complications ; epidemiology ; Retrospective Studies ; Ureter ; surgery ; Urinary Diversion ; methods

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVEMultinodular hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) might originate from multicentric occurrence (MO) or intrahepatic metastasis(IM). This study was to find out proteins which play important roles in clonal origin of multinodular hepatocellular carcinoma bt screening the differentially expressed proteins between the MO and IM tissues using comparative proteomic analysis.

METHODSTotal protein extracted was separated by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. Comparative analyses of the 2-DE protein patterns between the two groups were carried out using computerized imaging techniques. Proteins exhibiting significant alternations were subsequently isolated and identified by mass spectrometry.

RESULTSA total 1025+/-52 and 900+/-98 spots were detected in the protein profile in IM and MO, respectively. Twenty-five protein spots were statistically different at expression levels between the two groups. Twenty of them were identified by MALDI-TOF-MS and bioinformatics.

CONCLUSIONSThe protein profile of MO HCC tissues is different from that in IM HCC tissues. The twenty differentially expressed proteins might play a key role in the carcinogenesis and progression of multinodular HCC. These newly identified proteins might be potential and valuable biomarkers for identifying the multinodular HCC of clonal origin.

Adult ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular ; metabolism ; pathology ; Electrophoresis, Gel, Two-Dimensional ; Female ; Humans ; Liver Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Neoplasms, Multiple Primary ; metabolism ; pathology ; Protein Array Analysis ; Proteomics ; Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization

Five secondary metabolites, including a new isopimarane derivative xylaroisopimaranin A (1), were isolated from the endophytic fungus Xylaralyce sp. (HM-1), and their structures were elucidated by 1D, 2D NMR, MS and CD spectra. Their bioactivities were performed to antibacterial, Hep G2 cells cytotoxicity and brine shrimp inhibition. The biological evaluation results showed that the xylaroisopimaranin A (1), xylabisboein B (2), griseofulvin (3) , 5-methylmellein (4) and mellein-5-carboxlic acid (5) displayed no significant Hep G2 cells cytotoxicity and antibacterial acitivity, but they inhibited the brine shrimp with IC₅₀ from 0.5 to 25 µmol/mL.
Artemia ; Fungi ; Griseofulvin ; Hep G2 Cells

Objective:To investigate the prognosis of patients with initially resectable gastric cancer liver metastasis (GCLM) who were treated by different modalities, and analyze the influencing factors for prognosis of patients.Methods:The retrospective cohort study was conducted. The clinicopathological data of 327 patients with initially resectable GCLM who were included in the database of a nationwide multicenter retrospective cohort study on GCLM based on real-world data from January 2010 to December 2019 were collected. There were 267 males and 60 females, aged 61(54,68)years. According to the specific situations of patients, treatment modalities included radical surgery combined with systemic treatment, palliative surgery combined with systemic treatment, and systemic treatment alone. Observation indicators: (1) clinical characteristics of patients who were treated by different modalities; (2) prognostic outcomes of patients who were treated by different modalities; (3) analysis of influencing factors for prognosis of patients with initially resectable GCLM; (4) screening of potential beneficiaries in patients who were treated by radical surgery plus systemic treatment and patients who were treated by palliative surgery plus systemic treatment. Measurement data with normal distribution were represented as Mean± SD, and comparison between groups was conducted using the independent sample t test. Measurement data with skewed distribution were represented as M( Q1, Q3), and comparison between groups was conducted using the rank sum test. Count data were described as absolute numbers or percentages, and comparison between groups was conducted using the chi-square test. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to calculate survival rate and draw survival curve, and Log-Rank test was used for survival analysis. Univariate and multivariate analyses were conducted using the COX proportional hazard regression model. The propensity score matching was employed by the 1:1 nearest neighbor matching method with a caliper value of 0.1. The forest plots were utilized to evaluate potential benefits of diverse surgical combined with systemic treatments within the population. Results:(1) Clinical characteristics of patients who were treated by different modalities. Of 327 patients, there were 118 cases undergoing radical surgery plus systemic treatment, 164 cases undergoing palliative surgery plus systemic treatment, and 45 cases undergoing systemic treatment alone. There were significant differences in smoking, drinking, site of primary gastric tumor, diameter of primary gastric tumor, site of liver metastasis, and metastatic interval among the three groups of patients ( P<0.05). (2) Prognostic outcomes of patients who were treated by different modalities. The median overall survival time of the 327 pati-ents was 19.9 months (95% confidence interval as 14.9-24.9 months), with 1-, 3-year overall survival rate of 61.3%, 32.7%, respectively. The 1-year overall survival rates of patients undergoing radical surgery plus systemic treatment, palliative surgery plus systemic treatment and systemic treatment alone were 68.3%, 63.1%, 30.6%, and the 3-year overall survival rates were 41.1%, 29.9%, 11.9%, showing a significant difference in overall survival rate among the three groups of patients ( χ2=19.46, P<0.05). Results of further analysis showed that there was a significant difference in overall survival rate between patients undergoing radical surgery plus systemic treatment and patients undergoing systemic treatment alone ( hazard ratio=0.40, 95% confidence interval as 0.26-0.61, P<0.05), between patients undergoing palliative surgery plus systemic treatment and patients under-going systemic treatment alone ( hazard ratio=0.47, 95% confidence interval as 0.32-0.71, P<0.05). (3) Analysis of influencing factors for prognosis of patients with initially resectable GCLM. Results of multivariate analysis showed that the larger primary gastric tumor, poorly differentiated tumor, larger liver metastasis, multiple hepatic metastases were independent risk factors for prognosis of patients with initially resectable GCLM ( hazard ratio=1.20, 1.70, 1.20, 2.06, 95% confidence interval as 1.14-1.27, 1.25-2.31, 1.04-1.42, 1.45-2.92, P<0.05) and immunotherapy or targeted therapy, the treatment modality of radical or palliative surgery plus systemic therapy were independent protective factors for prognosis of patients with initially resectable GCLM ( hazard ratio=0.60, 0.39, 0.46, 95% confidence interval as 0.42-0.87, 0.25-0.60, 0.30-0.70, P<0.05). (4) Screening of potentinal beneficiaries in patients who were treated by radical surgery plus systemic treatment and patients who were treated by palliative surgery plus systemic treatment. Results of forest plots analysis showed that for patients with high-moderate differentiated GCLM and patients with liver metastasis located in the left liver, the overall survival rate of patients undergoing radical surgery plus systemic treatment was better than patients undergoing palliative surgery plus systemic treatment ( hazard ratio=0.21, 0.42, 95% confidence interval as 0.09-0.48, 0.23-0.78, P<0.05). Conclusions:Compared to systemic therapy alone, both radical and palliative surgery plus systemic therapy can improve the pro-gnosis of patients with initially resectable GCLM. The larger primary gastric tumor, poorly differen-tiated tumor, larger liver metastasis, multiple hepatic metastases are independent risk factors for prognosis of patients with initial resectable GCLM and immunotherapy or targeted therapy, the treatment modality of radical or palliative surgery plus systemic therapy are independent protective factors for prognosis of patients with initially resectable GCLM.