The RB1 gene is the first tumor suppressor gene identified whose mutational inactivation is the cause of a human cancer,the pediatric cancer retinoblastoma.As a negative regulator of the cell cycle,RB1 gene could regulate the expression of genes involved in cell proliferation through binding to transcription factor E2F.A-mong these,RB1 has been implicated in the regulation of apoptosis.RB1 knockdown has been shown to enhance the sensitivity to cell death induced by different anticancer agents.RB1 dual role in proliferation and apoptosis un-derlies malignant tumor occurrence,development and resistance totherapy.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Female ; Forensic Ballistics ; Humans ; Male ; Occupational Health ; Paint ; Pressure ; Young Adult

Cyclooxygenase-2(COX-2)is an inducible enzyme that regulates prostaglandin synthesis and is overexpressed at sites of inflammation and in several epithelial cancers.Data indicate that COX-2 is involved in the regulation of apoptosis,angiogenesis,and immune response.The biological function of COX-2 appears to be associated with tumorigenesis.Recently, multiple studies have shown that COX-2 plays a critical role not only in maintenance of the endometrium during the menstrual cycle,but also in the progression of endometrial cancer.This review outlines the status of COX-2 expression and its association with clinicopathologic features and clinical outcome in endometrial cancer.

Objective To explore early prognostic value of quantitative detection of paraquat (PQ) plasma concentration and urine sodium dithionite assay for prognosis in patients with acute PQ poisoning. Methods A prospective study was conducted. The patients with acute PQ poisoning admitted to Department of Emergency of First Hospital of China Medical University from August 2013 to December 2015 were enrolled. At admission, blood samples and urine samples were collected. The PQ plasma concentration was determined by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and the PQ urine concentration was determined by sodium dithionite, meanwhile the biochemical parameters were determined to carry out sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA) score. According to the prognosis of 90-day follow-up, the patients were divided into survival group and death group. Logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the relationship between the prognosis and the indexes, and the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) was drawn to evaluate the prognosis. Results There were 148 patients with acute PQ poisoning, with 43 alive and 105 dead, and the 90-day mortality rate was 70.9%. The ingestion volume (mL: 22.69±18.57 vs. 9.91±4.61), plasma concentration of PQ (mg/L: 2.28±1.52 vs. 0.91±0.38) and positive rate of urine sodium dithionite (87.6% vs. 14.0%) in death group were significantly higher than those of survived group (all P < 0.01), but no significant differences in gender, age, poisoning time, gastric lavage time between the two groups were found. Significant differences in white blood cell count [WBC (×109/L): 13.45±6.12 vs. 23.03±7.67] and blood lactate [Lac (mmol/L): 1.50±0.45 vs. 8.10±4.51] between survival group and death group were found (both P < 0.01), while no significant difference in SOFA score was found (0.98±0.72 vs. 1.34±1.29, P > 0.05). It was shown by logistic regression analysis that the key factors affecting the prognosis of patients with PQ poisoning were urine sodium dithionite assay [odds ratio (OR) = 8.731, 95% confidence interval (95%CI) = 2.828-26.954, P = 0.000], PQ plasma concentration (OR = 2.082, 95%CI = 1.204-3.603, P = 0.009) and ingestion volume (OR = 1.175, 95%CI = 1.048-1.318, P = 0.006) respectively. It was shown by ROC curve that the area under ROC curve (AUC) of plasma PQ concentration, urine sodium dithionite assay, poisoning dose and SOFA score for predicting the prognosis in patients with acute PQ poisoning was 0.866, 0.857, 0.826, and 0.631 respectively (all P < 0.05). The sensitivity of urine sodium dithionite assay for predicting the prognosis was 87.6%, and the specificity was 83.7%. Conclusions Early plasma PQ concentrations can objectively reflect the body absorbed toxicant doses and actual situation after poisoning, and help to judge the early evaluation of prognosis. The accuracy of urine sodium dithionite assay in judging the prognosis of PQ poisoning is high. Because of its simplicity and availability, it was easier to be performed in the primary hospital.

[Objective] Analyze the academic thought ofpurge stomach and tonify spleentreatment used by Professor SUN Zhi in acupuncture on type-2 diabetes mellitus during his clinical experience.[Method] According to new recognition of type-2 diabetes mellitus pathogenesis, study of acupuncture theory, clinical manipulation, conclude acupuncture point choices and needling methods ofpurge stomach and tonify spleentreatment, studying its characteristics. [Result] Type-2 diabetes mellitus belonging toXiaokecategory which features excessive discharge of urine and persistent thirst in Chinese medicine, but their pathogenesis is not the same, Professor SUN Zhi based on years of clinical observation found that patients with type-2 diabetes mellitus commonly manifested obese, polyorexia and accompanied by fatigue, summarized asstrong stomach and weak spleen. Tonify the deficiency and purge sthenia, using acupuncture manipulation, regulating spleen and stomach function, by reducing method of acupuncture Zhongwan, Zusanli and Neiting to inhibt stomach and control appetite, reinforcing method of acupuncture Sanyinjiao, Taibai, Pishu to enhance the transport of the spleen, meaning purging stomach and tonifying spleen. This treatment of type-2 diabetes mellitus in clinic achieved good results. [Conclusion]Purge stomach and tonify spleentreatment offers a new way of acupuncture to treat diabetes, deserving further exploration, popularization and application.

The effects of salvia miltiorrhiza Bge (SMB) on left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) and the expression of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) in the left ventricle of spontaneously hypertensive rats and the action mechanism were investigated. Normal Wistar-kyoto (WKY) rats were used as negative control, and spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) were randomly assigned to receive placebo or SMB. SMB (1 g/kg.d) was injected intraperitoneally for 12 weeks. Systolic blood pressure (SBP) and left ventricular mass index (LVMI) were measured. HE, VG and immunohistochemical staining combined with computed morphometry were employed to evaluate the cardiomyocyte size, diameter, the collagen volume fraction (CVF), perivascular circumferential area (PVCA), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) expression in the left ventricular tissue. The results showed, as compared with WKY rats, the SBP, LVMI, cardiomyocyte size, diameter, CVF, PCVA, and TNF-alpha expression were increased markedly in the 20-week-old spontaneously hypertensive rats. SMB decreased LVMI (P<0.01), size of cardiomyocytes (P<0.01), collagen volume fraction (P<0.01), perivascular circumferential area (P<0.01), and TNF-alpha expression (P<0.01), but had no effect on SBP (P>0.05). It was suggested that chronic administration of SMB could inhibit and reverse the development of LVH in spontaneously hypertensive rats independent of BP. TNF-alpha may be involved in the reversal mechanism of LVH by SMB.

Objective To research a more economical and convenient test way, which uses excimer laser therapeutic apparatus eye-test of Allegretto Wave Eye-Q. Methods In testing, a film of transparent and fit thickness was coved on original test-chip to exam. Results Test paper can be reused and determines clearly of all cases. Conclusion The modified method not only raises efficiency and reduces cost, but also saves test specimen with easy operation.

Leydig cells are the major source of androgens in males. Stem cells can be induced to differentiate into androgen-secreting Leydig like cells, whose functions are regulated by the hypothalamus and pituitary, so that they precisely secret the necessary hormones to maintain physiological function. Therefore, the establishment of an effective protocol to induce the differentiation of stem cells into androgen-secreting cells is very helpful for the treatment of hypogonadism caused by abnormalities of Leydig cells. This review outlines the recent findings concerning the differentiation of stem cells into androgen-secreting cells.
Androgens ; secretion ; Cell Differentiation ; physiology ; Humans ; Hypogonadism ; therapy ; Hypothalamus ; physiology ; Male ; Pituitary Gland ; physiology ; Stem Cells ; cytology ; secretion

Background Curcumin derives from the rhizome of curcuma longa.It has proven to have an antiproliferative effect in previous studies on vast majority of endothelial and epithelial cells,however,the study of its inhibiting effect on the proliferation of retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells and underlying mechanism is rare.Objective Aim of this study was to investigate the potential inhibitory effect of curcumin on the proliferation of cuhured human RPE cells in vitro and its possible mechanism.Methods Human RPE cells harvested by trpsinEDTA were suspended in DMEM/F12 medium with serial dilutions of curcumin (5,10,15,20 mg/L),and the human RPE cells cultured by DMEM/F12 without curcumin were used as control.The proliferation value of human RPE cells (A value) was measured by water-soluble tetrazole-1 (WST-1) assay,the optimized dose of antiproliferation of curcumin was determined and applied for further experimental process.Apoptosis and cell cycle of human RPE cells were detected by flow cytometric analysis at 48 hours and 72 hours after curcumin treatment.The ultrastructure profile of the cells were examined by transmission electron microscopy (TEM).Western blot analysis was performed to measure the relative expressing level of the pro-apoptotic factors p53,p21 WAF1/CIP1 and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) in the cells,respectively.Factorial design of two factor analysis of variance of SPSS 17.0 software was used to compare the difference of A values of the cells among the various groups and time points,and independent-sample t test was used to compare the differences of apoptosis rate and cell ratio in different cycles between curcumin group and control group.Results WST-1 assay showed that the A value was gradually reduced with the increase of curcumin dose (F tion =96.55,P =0.00),and gradually increased with the lapse of time (Ftime =4634.28,P =0.00).The early apoptotic rate of the cells was (13.37±1.26) ％ in the curcumin group 48 hours after treated by 15 mg/L curcumin,and that of the control group was (7.03 ±0.37) ％,with a significant difference between them (t =8.33,P=0.00).In 72 hours after treated by 15 mg/L curcumin,the early and middle-late apoptotic rates of the cells were (15.97±0.16) ％ and (0.26±0.03) ％,which were significantly higher than those of the control group (7.29±0.37) ％ and (0.14±0.02) ％ (t=37.80,P=0.00;t=7.44,P=0.00).The cell ratio of G0/G1 phase in the curcumin group was (57.17±1.17)％ 48 hours after treated by 15 mg/L curcumin,and that in the control group was (67.73± 1.10)％,showing a significant difference (t =11.40,P =0.00).M itochondrial swelling and vacuolar degeneration were seen in the cells after treated by 15 mg/L curcumin.The relative expression levels of p53 and p21WAF1/CIP1 protein in the cells were higher in the curcumin group than those of the control group at 24,48 and 72 hours (all at P＜0.05),but the expression levels of PCNA protein were lower in the curcumin group than those of the control group in various time points (all at P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions Curcumin can effectively inhibit the proliferation of human pigment epithelial cells in a dose-and time-dependent manner.P53 pathway may participate in anti-proliferating process.