Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a serious threat to public health worldwide with an increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular diseases and all-cause morbidity and mortality. In this study, a urinary metabolomic approach was performed on high performance liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry to discriminate 36 male MetS patients and 36 sex and age matched healthy controls. Pattern recognition analyses (principal component analysis and orthogonal projections to latent structures discriminate analysis) commonly demonstrated the difference between MetS patients and no-MetS subjects. This study found 8 metabolites that showed significant changes in patients with MetS, including branch-chain and aromatic amino acids (leucine, tyrosine, phenylalanine and tryptophan), short-chain acylcanitine (tiglylcarnitine), tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle intermediate (cis-aconitic acid) and glucuronidated products (cortolone-3-glucuronide and tetrahydroaldosterone-3-glucuronide). The candidate biomarkers revealed in this study could be useful in providing clues for further research focusing on the in-depth investigation of the cause of and cure for MetS.

Humans ; Occupational Exposure ; Risk Assessment ; Workplace

Adult ; Ergonomics ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Multivariate Analysis ; Musculoskeletal Physiological Phenomena ; Regression Analysis ; Workplace

Objective:To determine the half lethal dose(LD50) of paraquat in rats and to establish a relatively safe and stable pathological animals model of pulmonary fibrosis.Methods: Ninety-six SD rats totally in half genders.Fifty SD rats in half genders were randomly divided into 5 groups,each had 10 rats.Feed the rats with different doses of liquor of paraquat intraperitoneally one time and definite the half lethal dose of one and two weeks.After that,prepare another forty-six SD rats,also in half genders,as intonication group,twenty-eight rats were treated with the liquor of paraquat in dosage of 18 mg/kg intraperitoneally.As control group,sixteen rats were treated with equivalent volume of normal saline.Observe the toxic symptom daily and rats were sacrificed on day 1,3,5,7,14,21,28,35 and 42 respectively for the histological examination.Results: The half lethal doses of intraperitoneal paraquat of 1 and 2 weeks were 18.27 and 17.29,with 95% confidence intervals of 16.61-20.09 and 15.99-18.67,respectively.After intraperitoneal paraquat injection at the dose of 18 mg/kg,typical toxic symptoms were observed at different times in the rats.The whole process of acute lung injury and fibrosis induced by paraquat intoxication could be seen with the naked eyes or under the light microscope.Conclusion: Paraquat has a strong toxicity to rats.A proper dose of paraquat solution can not only reduce the number of experimental rats,but also induce typical pulmonary fibrosis in rats.

Objective To determine the effectiveness of preoperative sedation with rectal midazolam and atropine alone or combined with ketamine in infants and young children.Methods One-hundred and six ASA Ⅰ or Ⅱ infants and young children aged 2 months-2 years scheduled for elective general surgical operation were studied in a double blind fashion.The patients were randomly divided into 3 groups:group M received rectal atropine 0.02 mg?kg~(-1) and midazolam 0.5 mg?kg~(-1)(n=39);group MK and MKK received rectal atropine 0.02 mg?kg~(-1), midazolam 0.5 mg?kg~(-1) and ketamine 4 mg?kg~(-1)(MK,n=34)or 8 mg?kg~(-1)(MKK,n=33).The patients were transferred from the ward to the operating room(OR)30 min after rectal administration.Depth of sedation was evaluated before and 15 min after rectal administration; when the patients were separated from their parents and on arrival in OR using De Jong's sedation score system.SpO_2 and HR were monitored in OR.Results The patients were better sedated in group MK and MKK than in group M after rectal administration.Significantly more patients were asleep on seperation from their parents and on arrival in OR in group MK and MKK than in group M. Significantly more patients were calm and not crying at venepuncture in group MKK(63%)and group MK(32%) than in group M(18%).Conclusion Rectal midazolam combined with ketamine and atropine results in better preoperative sedation than rectal midazolam alone in infants and young children.

Female ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; In Situ Hybridization ; Infant, Newborn ; Lung ; metabolism ; pathology ; Macrophage Migration-Inhibitory Factors ; analysis ; genetics ; Male ; Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Adult ; blood ; genetics ; pathology

Objective To evaluate the efficacy and adverse effects of gefitinib in the treatment of fe- male patients with advanced adenocarcinoma of lung who had failed to previous chemotherapy.Methods These patients received 250mg of gefitinib orally,once daily until disease progression or development of intol- erable toxic reaction.They were evaluated one month after treatment and every other month thereafter.Results Among the 27 evaluable patients,there were 1 CR(3.7%),11 PR(40.8%),10 SD(37.0%)and 5 PD(18.5%). The overall response rate was 44.5%(95% CI 29%～68%);and 22 patients(81.5%)gained profit(CR+PR+ SD)from the clinical therapy(95% CI 62%～94%);the mean TTP was 7.2 months.Symptomatic improvement rate was 80.0%.The main adverse effects were mild rash and diarrhea.Conclusion gefitinib has significant efficacy in the treatment of female patients with advanced tung cancer who had failed to previous chemother- apy.Adverse effects are mild.gefitinib is a suitable therapy for these patients.

Cancer is a group of various diseases, all of which involve unregulated cell growth. Many currently used chemotherapeutic drugs are derived from botanicals. Thus, searching botanical sources for novel oncology medications, including identifying the lead compounds and their derivatives for chemoprevention, is an essential step in advancing cancer therapeutics. This article mainly focuses on the data from our previous American ginseng anti-colon cancer studies. In addition to the potential role of American ginseng on cancer, the herb as an adjuvant for cancer treatment is presented, including describing the attenuation of adverse events induced by chemotherapeutic agents and increasing of quality of cancer patient life. Since heat-treated American ginseng and ginsenoside gut microbiome metabolites showed significant increases in cancer chemopreventive effects, active constituents of the steamed herb and their gut metabolites should be clearly identified, and the structure-activity relationship should be further explored. Data obtained from herbal medicine studies and clinical trials will help develop useful anticancer agents.
Animals ; Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Apoptosis ; drug effects ; Cell Proliferation ; drug effects ; Colorectal Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; pathology ; Ginsenosides ; isolation & purification ; metabolism ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Hot Temperature ; Humans ; Panax ; chemistry ; Phytotherapy ; Plant Roots ; chemistry ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Structure-Activity Relationship

Nosocomial infection (NI) is one of the most significant complications arising after open heart surgery,and leads to increased mortality,hospitalization time and health resource allocation.This study investigated the morbidity,mortality,and independent risk factors associated with NI following open heart surgery.We retrospectively surveyed the records of 1606 consecutive cardiovascular surgical patients to identify those that developed NI.The NI selection criteria were based on the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) guidelines.The term NI encompasses surgical site infection (SSI),central venous catheter-related infection (CVCRI),urinary tract infection (UTI),respiratory tract infection and pneumonia (RTIP),as well as other types of infections.Of 1606 cardiovascular surgery patients,125 developed NI (7.8％,125/1606).The rates of NI following surgery for congenital malformation,valve replacement,and coronary artery bypass graft were 2.6％ (15/587),5.5％ (26/473) and 13.6％ (32/236),respectively.The NI rate following surgical repair of aortic aneurysm or dissection was 16.8％ (52/310).Increased risk of NI was detected for patients with a prior preoperative stay ≥3 days (OR=2.11,95％ CI=1.39-3.20),diabetes (OR=2.00,95％=CI 1.26-3.20),length of surgery ≥6 h (OR=2.26,95％ CI=1.47-3.47),or postoperative cerebrovascular accident (OR=4.08,95％ CI=1.79-9.29).Greater attention should be paid toward compliance with ventilator and catheter regulations in order to decrease NI morbidity and mortality following cardiovascular procedures.

Adult ; Carcinoma ; virology ; Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia ; virology ; Female ; Human papillomavirus 16 ; isolation & purification ; Human papillomavirus 18 ; isolation & purification ; Humans ; In Situ Hybridization ; Middle Aged ; Papillomavirus Infections ; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms ; virology