ObjectiveTo investigate the concentration of water fluoride and the application of water defluoridation projects in Suizhou,and to provide a basis for water improvement and prevention of the disease.MethodsCross-sectional study was carried out to investigate completely the water defluoridation projects built between 1986 and 2009 in the area under Suizhou's jurisdiction; 3 source water and terminal water samples of the projects in use were collected,respectively; 1 water sample was collected,respectively in the 3 projects with out-ofcommission or discarded water sources that used to be major water supply,for detection of fluoride,chloride,total hardness,heavy metals and other indicators.ResultsA total of 21 projects were investigated,14 projects were in normal use (66.7％),7 projects were out of order and abandoned (33.3％).Of the 14 projects normally used,13projects with water fluoride concentration ≤ 1.0 mg/L(92.9％)and 1 project with water fluoride concentration higher than 1.0 mg/L(7.1％),the concentration of water fluoride in the 7 abandoned projects was higher than 1.0 mg/L(100％).Arsenic and lead levels of all the water samples were normal.There were two water samples with iron content exceeded the standard,and one total hardness of water samples exceeded the standard in the normally used 14 peripheral water sources.One chloride content exceeded the standard,one manganese content exceeded the standard,two iron content exceeded the standard and three total hardness exceeded the standard in the seven abandoned projects.ConclusionsSome defluoridation projects are stopped using and abandoned in Suizhou,and the water fluoride exceeds the standard.

Fourteen compounds were isolated by column chromatography from the ethyl acetate extract of the seeds of Brassica campestris. Their structures were elucidated by physicochemical properties and spectroscopic data analysis. The isolated compounds were respectively identified as (5Z,7E)-4, 4-dimethyl-5-acetyl-5, 7-nonadienoic acid (1), indole-3-carboxaldehyde (2), blumenol A (3), vinylsyringol (4), sinapinic acid (5), sinapic acid ethyl ester (6), protocatechuic acid (7), crinosterol (8), campesterol (9), 7-oxo-stigmasterol (10), kaempferol (11), 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid (12), syringic acid (13) and daucosterol (14). Compound 1 was a new compound and the other compounds were isolated from this plant for the first time except for compounds 4, 5 and 13.
Brassica ; chemistry ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Molecular Structure ; Seeds ; chemistry ; Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization

BACKGROUND:Prognosis in tooth restoration is affected by different repair methods due to the different biomechanical effects.OBJECTIVE:To analyze three kinds of repair methods and four kinds of repair materials by using three-dimensional finite element analysis.METHODS:Tomographic images of isolated human maxillary first premolars were obtained by Micro CT scanning with a thickness of 0.019 mm.The Mimics output point cloud was used to generate the surface in Geomagic studio and the tooth model was generated respectively.The model was introduced into ABAQUS 6.13 software for Boolean operation,to simulate Inlay,Onlay of the medullary cavity retention type,and Core & Crown repair model.After the grid was divided into four ways of mechanical loading,six-point vertical loading or two-point loading at an angle of 0°,45°,90° with the long tooth shaft was done.The loading force was 75 N at each point.Four repair materials,cobalt-chrome,pure titanium,zirconia,IPS e.MAX,were used in this study.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1) Under the four loading conditions of the same material,the maximum principal stress in the remaining dentin after Inlay restoration was the highest,followed by the Onlay repair and Core&Crown group.(2) Under the four loading conditions via the same approach,the maximum principal stress of the cobalt-chrome alloy in the enamel was the largest,and that of the IPS e.MAX porcelain was the smallest after repair.(3) The stress distribution of the parts was uniform after tooth restoration with the Core & Crown and the Onlay.To conclude,from the stress distribution,the Core&Crown and the Onlay are two ideal methods.Moreover,from the aspects of stress distribution and dentin preservation,Onlay is a more rational and safer way for large-area tooth defects.

Compared with open surgery, percutaneous transforaminal endoscopic discectomy (PTED) for lumbar disc herniation (LDH) has advantages of minamilly invasive, little impact on stability of spine and rapid recovery. However, PTED by transforaminal approach has relatively limited indications and can not completely replace open surgery, due to different location of migrated herniated fragment, the level of pathological segment or presence of a high iliac crest. Development of new approach and ancillary equipment have become the focus and future direction of PTED. In recent years, interlaminar and transiliac approach extended the indications of PTED greatly. However, not-standard manipulation, improper selection of indications or surgical approach has been attributed to the main reason for failure in PTED surgery. In view of this, the paper summaries indications, different approaches and methods, clinical efficacy and complications of PTED.
Diskectomy, Percutaneous ; instrumentation ; methods ; Endoscopy ; methods ; Humans ; Intervertebral Disc Displacement ; complications ; surgery ; Lumbar Vertebrae ; surgery

Objective To evaluate emergency surgery for cerebral hernia patients with CT manifestatious of ruptured anterior circulation aneurysm combined with intracerebral hematoma.Methods A total of 11 cerebral hernia patients underwent emergency operation based on CT manifestations from December 2007 to December 2010 for acute intracerebral hematoma due to suspected aneurysm rupture. Three dimensional computer tomographic angiography (3D-CTA) was performed one week postoperation.The locatious of aneurysms were investigated to analyze relationship between CT manifestations and emergency surgery. Results The cause of intracerebral hematoma in the 11 patients proved to be aneurysms rupture.The aneurysm was located at the anterior communicating artery in 2 cases,at the posterior communicating artery in 3 and at the middle cerebral artery in 6.Of the 2patients who harbored multiple aneurysms, one had a middle artery aneurysm (responsible) plus a homonymy aneurysm at the posterior communicating artery,the other had an aneurysm at the posterior communicating artery (responsible) plus an opposite side aneurysm at the middle artery.Postoperative Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS) showed grade V in 6 cases,grade Ⅳ in 2,grade Ⅲ in 1,grade Ⅰ in 2.Conclusion CT manifestations are useful indications for emergency surgery, including direct craniotomy, hematoma evacuation and aneurysm clipping, in cerebral hernia patients with ruptured anterior circulation aneurysm combined with intracerebral hematoma.

OBJECTIVETo understand the epidemiological characters of Kashin-Beck disease (KBD) in nuclear families, and to probe the pathogenetic mechanism and its etiology.

METHODSClinical diagnosis was used to identify nuclear families in KBD areas. Based on the clinical manifestation of parents in the nuclear families, 4938 nuclear families were divided into four types. According to the seriousness in KBD areas, prevalence of offspring and family aggregation in low, middle and high prevalence areas were formed and data was analyzed.

RESULTS(1) Type of nuclear family was associated to the degree of disease seriousness in the areas. (2) There was an aggregation of disease among the offsprings in the nuclear families of medium and high prevalence diseased areas. (3) There was an aggregation of offspring in the nuclear family of both parents or father alone who were suffered from KBD. (4) The prevalence of offspring in nuclear family of both parents with KBD was obviously higher than that in the nuclear family with single parent or neither having KBD.

CONCLUSIONThe degree of diseased areas seemed to influence the seriousness of KBD in individuals. The prevalence of parents in nuclear families might play a role in the pathogenesis of KBD.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; China ; epidemiology ; Endemic Diseases ; Family Health ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Nuclear Family ; Osteoarthritis ; epidemiology ; Prevalence ; Selenium ; deficiency

Background and aim:Hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury(IRI)is a significant challenge in liver trans-plantation,trauma,hypovolemic shock,and hepatectomy,with limited effective interventions available.This study aimed to investigate the role of leukocyte cell-derived chemotaxin 2(LECT2)in hepatic IRI and assess the therapeutic potential of Lect2-short hairpin RNA(shRNA)delivered through adeno-associated virus(AAV)vectors. Materials and methods:This study analyzed human liver and serum samples from five patients under-going the Pringle maneuver.Lect2-knockout and C57BL/6J mice were used.Hepatic IRI was induced by clamping the hepatic pedicle.Treatments included recombinant human LECT2(rLECT2)and AAV-Lect2-shRNA.LECT2 expression levels and serum biomarkers including alanine aminotransferase(ALT),aspartate aminotransferase(AST),creatinine,and blood urea nitrogen(BUN)were measured.Histological analysis of liver necrosis and quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction were performed. Results:Serum and liver LECT2 levels were elevated during hepatic IRI.Serum LECT2 protein and mRNA levels increased post reperfusion.Lect2-knockout mice had reduced weight loss;hepatic necrosis;and serum ALT,AST,creatinine,and BUN levels.rLECT2 treatment exacerbated weight loss,hepatic necrosis,and serum biomarkers(ALT,AST,creatinine,and BUN).AAV-Lect2-shRNA treatment significantly reduced weight loss,hepatic necrosis,and serum biomarkers(ALT,AST,creatinine,and BUN),indicating thera-peutic potential. Conclusions:Elevated LECT2 levels during hepatic IRI increased liver damage.Genetic knockout or shRNA-mediated knockdown of Lect2 reduced liver damage,indicating its therapeutic potential.AAV-mediated Lect2-shRNA delivery mitigated hepatic IRI,offering a potential new treatment strategy to enhance clinical outcomes for patients undergoing liver-related surgeries or trauma.

The infection status of anisakid larvae was examined in 290 marine fish of 25 species and in 108 cephalopods of 3 species purchased in Bayuquan region, Yingko city nearby the coast of the Bohai Sea from may to August 1992. A total of 7,327 larvae were collected from 156 fish of 19 species and 8 squids of one species. The 3rd-stage larvae of Anisakis simplex were collected from 121 fish (63.4%) of 15 species (N = 191) and from 8 squids (14.8%) of one species (N = 54), and they were total, 5,992 (81.8%). Out of remaining 1,335 larvae, 154 (2.1%) were classified as Thynnascaris type B from 23 fish of 4 species, 1,013 (13.8%) as Thynnascaris type C from 79 fish of 13 species. 164 (2.2%) as Hysterothylacium China type V from 20 fish of 4 species, 3 (0.04%) as Raphidascaris from 3 fish of 2 species and one was Pseudoterranova decipiens larva.
Animal ; Anisakiasis/veterinary* ; Anisakiasis/parasitology ; Anisakiasis/epidemiology ; Anisakis/isolation & purification ; Anisakis/classification* ; China ; Fish Diseases/parasitology* ; Fish Diseases/epidemiology ; Fishes ; Larva ; Seawater ; Squid/parasitology*

Objective To explore the value of stable micro bubble test (SMT) for early diagnosis of hyaline membrane disease (HMD), and to provide early intervention for clinical diagnosis method of hyaline membrane disease in premature infants. Methods A total of 288 premature infants admitted to neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) of Ankang City Central Hospital from January 1st, 2013 to January 1st, 2016 were involved into the study. The primary gastric juice 1-2 mL was extracted for SMT test within 30 minutes after the birth. The number of the stable micro bubble with diameter<15μm was counted by low magnification. The clinical symptoms and X-ray results within 6 h after the birth were used as the gold standard of diagnosis of HMD. The premature infants were divided into the case group and control group. The general information was compared between two groups. The optimal critical stable micro bubble value was determined by the ROC curve. The number of micro bubbles <5/mm2, <10/mm2, <15/mm2 and <20/mm2 were used as the threshold, and the sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values were calculated for HMD diagnosis. Results Among the 288 cases of premature infants, 91 cases (31.6%) were diagnosed as HMD, 197 cases (68.4%) were diagnosed as non HMD. There were lower gestational age, lower birth weight and more proportion of male babies in the case group compared with those of control group (P<0.05). There were no significant differences in prenatal usage of hormones, premature rupture of membranes, the proportion of cesarean section and 5-min Apgar scores between two groups. The number of micro bubbles of 15/mm2 was the optimal threshold for diagnosis of HMD, and AUC was 0.80 (0.73-0.84). When the number of micro bubbles of 5/mm2 was used for the diagnosis, 38 cases were in line with the diagnosed as HMD. When the number of micro bubbles of 10-15/mm2 was used for the diagnosis, 16 cases were in line with diagnosed as HMD. The number of micro bubbles of<15/mm2 was used as boundary value of HMD. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and Youden index for SMT prediction and early diagnosis of HMD were 89.0%, 91.4%, 82.7%, 94.7%and 80.4%, which can be used as predictive indicators of HMD. Conclusion SMT test is simple, rapid, economic, high sensitivity and good specificity, which can effectively predict and early diagnose HMD, and have high clinical value.

OBJECTIVE: To explore the molecular mechanism of Glanzmann thrombasthenia (GT). METHODS: All 45 exons of alphaIIb and beta3 subunit genes as well as their splicing sites were amplified by polymerase chain reaction(PCR) with 40 primer pairs, and then the PCR products were used to screen the gene mutation by single strand conformation polymorphism-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SSCP-PAGE). The mutation was further confirmed by direct DNA sequencing. RESULTS: A DNA band alterated migration was detected after SSCP-PAGE. DNA sequencing showed that a base deletion within the band at the site of 540 in GPIIb gene(540A) was found. CONCLUSION The frame-shift mutation caused by the deletion of 540A in GPIIb gene is a novel mutation which is a genetic defect in patients with GT.
Base Sequence ; Child, Preschool ; Exons ; genetics ; Frameshift Mutation ; genetics ; Gene Deletion ; Humans ; Integrin beta3 ; genetics ; Male ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Platelet Membrane Glycoprotein IIb ; genetics ; Sequence Analysis, DNA ; Thrombasthenia ; genetics