Periodontitis is the main cause of adult tooth loss, which seriously affects oral health and acts as a high-risk factor for varieties of systemic diseases. Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is defined as glucose intolerance occurred or firstly identified during pregnancy. Prevalence of GDM is increasing over the past years worldwide. Besides adverse effects toward maternal and infant health in perinatal period, GDM also has long-term effects. Current studies have demonstrated that there is a bidirectional relationship between periodontitis and diabetes; however, the exact relationship between periodontitis and GDM remains elusive. In this paper, first reviewed the clinical association of periodontitis and GDM, and then discussed the underlying mechanisms of the two diseases, finally summarized the positive effect of periodontal therapy in controlling GDM. This paper will provide theoretical basis for the prevention diagnosis and therapy for the related diseases, promoting the maternal and infant health.
Pregnancy ; Adult ; Female ; Humans ; Diabetes, Gestational/prevention & control* ; Periodontitis/complications* ; Risk Factors ; Case-Control Studies