The antitussive activity assay for the root extraction of Disporum cantoniense was carried out with coughing mice induced by ammonia liquor. The results showed that the ethanol and water extractions of D. cantoniense possess strong antitussive activity, and the high dose of the former was better than positive control, and then the constituents of the ethanol extraction were separated and purified by various modern chromatographic techniques. Their structures were identified by physico-chemical properties and spectroscopic data. As a result, eight compounds were isolated and identified as stigmast-4-en-3-one(1), (22E, 24R)-ergosta-5, 7, 22-trien-3beta-ol(2), obtucarbamate A(3), obtucarbamate B(4), neotigogenin(5), azo-2, 2'-bis[Z-(2,3-dihydroxy-4-methyl-5-methoxy) phenyl ethylene] (6),dimethyl {[carbonylbis (azanediyl)] bis( 2-methyl-5, 1-phenylene) j dicarbamate (7) , and quercetin-3-O-pB-D-glucopyranoside(8). All compounds were isolated from this plant for the first time, and the result of bioactivity-directed isolation showed that compounds 3, 4, and 6 had obvious effect on antitussive activity, and compound 6 had the same level as positive control.
Animals ; Antitussive Agents ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Ethanol ; chemistry ; Female ; Liliaceae ; chemistry ; Male ; Mice

Based on the introduction to the current situation of research on the standard for stroke syndrome of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM),the paper sorts out and collects related medical cases of stroke based on clinical data,builds models of the relationship between clinical information of TCM and syndrome categories through support vector machine after qualitative and quantitative analysis on the data standard in the clinical pathway of stroke,observes the predictive accuracy,and provides reasonable and reliable information support for clinical decision of stroke.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the management of incidental prostate cancer after TURP by laparoscopic radical prostatectomy (LRP).

METHODSBetween April 2005 and December 2011, we treated 4 cases of incidental prostate cancer with p504s (+) by LRP, 1 at 3 mon, while the other 3 at 1.5 mon after TURP.

RESULTSThe operations were successfully performed in all the 4 cases, all by extraperitoneal approach. Postoperative pathology showed prostate cancer in 2 of the cases with Gleason scores of 6-7, high-level epithelial neoplasia in 1, and no malignancy in the other. Postoperative observation and 1-79 mon follow-up visit revealed good urinary function but no obvious urinary incontinence, metastasis and erectile dysfunction.

CONCLUSIONWith practiced laparoscopic skills, laparoscopic radical prostatectomy may achieve satisfactory results in the treatment of incidental prostate cancer after TURP.

Aged ; Humans ; Incidental Findings ; Laparoscopy ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Prostatectomy ; methods ; Prostatic Neoplasms ; surgery ; Transurethral Resection of Prostate ; Treatment Outcome

BACKGROUNDFulminant type 1 diabetes (F1D) is a complex disease. Microarray analysis was used to identify gene expression changes and obtain understanding of the underlying mechanisms.

METHODSMicroarray analysis was performed on peripheral blood mononuclear cells from six F1D patients and six matched healthy subjects. Real-time polymerase chain reaction was used to verify the differentially expressed genes. NK cell activity was detected by methyl thiazoleterazolium assay.

RESULTSMicroarray analysis identified 759 genes differing in expression between F1D patients and controls at a false discovery rate of 0.05. Expression of TLR9, ELF4 and IL1RAP were verified and consistent with changes in microarray results. NK cell activity was decreased in F1D. With use of a knowledge base, differentially expressed genes could be placed within different pathways with predicted functions including interleukin-1, and tumor necrosis factor-α signaling.

CONCLUSIONSThese results identify several genes indicating possible mechanisms in F1D. NK cell dysfunction resulting from changes in expression of TLR9, ELF4 and IL1RAP, and pathways of interleukin-1 and tumor necrosis factor-α signaling might be involved in F1D through inducing β-cell dysfunction.

Adult ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 ; genetics ; metabolism ; Female ; Gene Expression Profiling ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo introduce co-word analysis into the analysis of the current research status of childhood tuberculous meningitis, to compare the similarities and differences in research topics of the field in China and abroad over the past decade, and to discover the advantages and weak links in the study field in China.

METHODSPubMed, CNKI, VIP, and Wanfang Data were searched for the articles which met the inclusion criteria. Ucinet 6.0 and Netdraw were used for co-occurrence analysis, and the co-article relationship between high-frequency key words was visualized.

RESULTSA total of 226 articles abroad and 186 Chinese articles on childhood tuberculous meningitis were obtained. The figures for co-occurrence analysis of high-frequency key words in research articles on childhood tuberculous meningitis in China and abroad were successfully plotted. Compared with the studies in China, the studies abroad were more sophisticated and well-developed, with more studies on drug-resistant tuberculosis, the relationship between tuberculosis and AIDS, and the epidemiology of tuberculosis. The key words listed in the studies abroad were more standard. The studies in China on childhood tuberculous meningitis concentrated on vaccination and nursing.

CONCLUSIONSIn general, the studies on childhood tuberculous meningitis in China and abroad have the same directions. The studies abroad have a complicated network and use more standard key words. The studies on childhood tuberculous meningitis are well conducted in China. However, more studies are needed for drug-resistant tuberculosis, the relationship between tuberculosis and AIDS, and the epidemiology of tuberculosis in future.

Biomedical Research ; China ; Humans ; Tuberculosis, Meningeal ; complications ; drug therapy ; epidemiology

Objective Transplantation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) has a good prospect of application for cerebral infarction,but the environment and the inflammatory response to ischemia and hypoxia after cerebral infarction are not con-ducive to the survival of transplanted cells. This article investigated the effects of Shuxue Tongmai capsule(SXTM) combined with BM-SCs transplantation on the improvement of cerebral ischemic injury in rats. Methods A model of middle cerebral artery occlusion was es-tablished in Sprague-Dawley(SD) rats using thread method and these 15 SD rats were randomly divided into model group,BMSCs group and combination therapy group (BMSCs transplantation combined with SXTM treatment). At 24h after modeling,rats in combination therapy group were given tail vein injection of 1 mL BMSCs suspension (2× 109 per/L) and gavage administration of SXTM 0. 64 g/kg. Rats in BMSCs group were given tail vein injection of 1 mL BMSCs suspension (2×109 per/L) and gavage administration of equal volume of sa-line. For model group,the rats were given tail vein injection of equal volume of PBS and gavage administration of equal volume of sa-line. Neurologic function was assessed before cell transplantation and at 3,7,14,28 days after cell transplantation to check the injury of neurologic function. At 28 days after transplantion,the rats were decapitated after anesthesia to take brain tissues for immunohisto-chemical detection of vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor(BDNF) protein expression. Mor-phological changes of the brain tissue and apoptosis in cortical neurons were observed and detected by hematoxylin-eosin staining and TUNEL,respectively. Results At 7,14,28 days after transplantation,the neurological defect score in combination therapy group was significantly lower than those of model group and BMSCs group(P<0.05). In each group,the neurological defect score at 3 days after transplantation was significantly decreased compared with those before transplantation(P<0.05). In the same group,the neurologi-cal defect scores at 14,28 days after transplantation were significantly decreased compared with those at 7 days after transplantation (P<0.05). The neurological defect scores at 14,28 days after transplantation were significantly decreased compared with those at 7 days after transplantation(P<0.05). The neurological defect score at 28 day after transplantation was significantly decreased compared with that at 7 day after transplantation(P<0.05). At 28 day after transplantation,the number of apoptotic cells in combination therapy group (51.40±4.04) was significantly fewer than those of model group (74.80±5.31) and BMSCs group (67.20±4.66) and the num-ber of apoptotic cells in BMSCs group was significantly decreased compared with model group(P<0.05). The results of immunohisto-chemistry showed that the VEGF and BDNF positive cells in the cerebral ischemic region of rats were brownish or sepia in color. Com-pared with model group,the expression levels of VEGF and BDNF protein in BMSCs group and combination therapy group were signifi-cantly increased (P<0.05),and that of combination therapy group was significantly increased compared with BMSCs(P<0.05). Conclusion SXTM combined with BMSCs transplantation can promote neurological recovery from cerebral ischemia by increasing the protein expression of VEGF and BDNF and reducing neuronal apoptosis.

BACKGROUNDGlutamic acid decarboxylase antibody (GADA) and protein tyrosine phosphatase antibody (IA-2A) are two major autoantibodies, which exert important roles in the process of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1D). Our study aimed to investigate the changes in positivity and titers of GADA and IA-2A during the course of Chinese acute-onset T1D patients and their relationships with clinical features.

METHODSTwo hundreds and forty-seven Chinese newly diagnosed acute-onset T1D patients were consecutively recruited. GADA and IA-2A were detected at the time of diagnosis, one year later, 3-5 years later after diagnosis during the follow-up; all the clinical data were recorded and analyzed as well.

RESULTSDuring the course of acute-onset T1D, the majority of patients remained stable for GADA or IA-2A, however, a few patients changed from positivity to negativity and fewer patients converted from negativity to positivity. The prevalence of GADA was 56.3% at diagnosis, decreasing to 50.5% one year later, and 43.3% 3-5 years later while the corresponding prevalence of IA-2A were 32.8%, 31.0% and 23.3%, respectively. The median GADA titers were 0.0825 at diagnosis, declining to 0.0585 one year later and 0.0383 3-5 years later (P < 0.001), while the corresponding median titers were 0.0016, 0.0010, 0.0014 for IA-2A, respectively. Fasting C-peptide (FCP) and postprandial C-peptide 2 hours (PCP2h) levels of GADA or IA-2A negativity persistence patients were higher than those of positivity persistence and negativity conversion patients (P < 0.05) which indicated GADA or IA-2A negativity persistence T1D patients had a less loss of β cell function.

CONCLUSIONOur data suggest that repeated detection of GADA and IA-2A are necessary for differential diagnosis of autoimmune diabetes and the indirect prediction of the β cell function in Chinese patients.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Antibodies ; therapeutic use ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 ; drug therapy ; immunology ; Female ; Glutamate Decarboxylase ; immunology ; Glycated Hemoglobin A ; metabolism ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases ; immunology ; Young Adult

Long-acting analgesia is a common clinical treatment method after surgery. The slow-release injection with long-acting analgesia has the advantages of less medication frequency and stable effect. In this study, the analgesic drug lappaconitine hydrobromide lyotropic liquid crystal injection was prepared, and its sustained release mechanism, drug release and pharmacodynamic characteristics were evaluated. The results of polarizing microscope and freeze-transmission electron microscope showed that the lyotropic liquid crystal injection of the liquid crystal precursor preparation of lappaconitine hydrobromide could be obtained by the combination of glycerol monooleate (GMO) and soybean lecithin (SPC) in different proportions. The results of dissolution study in vitro showed that the drug release rate of different forms of liquid crystal preparations was layered liquid crystal > cubic liquid crystal > hexagonal liquid crystal. The mathematical model fitting results of the release data showed that the external release of layered liquid crystal, cubic liquid crystal and hexagonal liquid crystal conforms to the Ritger-Peppas model, and the release mechanism was Fick diffusion. The results of pharmacodynamics study in vivo showed that the analgesic effect of lappaconitine hydrobromide lyotropic liquid crystal injection lasted for 3 days, and there was no abnormality in the incision and local tissue, showing good safety and tolerance. The study on drug release and elimination process of the in vivo gel repository showed that lappaconitine hydrobromide could be completely released from the lyotropic liquid crystal 3 days after administration, and the sustained-release materials could be gradually eliminated locally. All animal experiments were approved by the Experimental Animal Ethics Committee of the Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences (No. 2021-08-GY-61) and the experiments were conducted in accordance with the relevant guiding principles and regulations. The lyotropic liquid crystal injection of lappaconitine hydrobromide prepared in this study presented a solution state at room temperature, and underwent phase transition in contact with the body fluid at the administration site, formed a drug depot and exerted a slow drug release effect. This preparation can reduce systemic toxicity, prolong the duration of analgesia, reduce the number of administrations, improve the compliance of postoperative patients, and provide a reference for the design of long-term sustained release analgesic preparations.

Objective: To examine the clinical feasibility of mixed reality navigation (MRN) technology based on multimodal imaging for the resection of intracranial eloquent lesions. Methods: Fifteen patients with intracranial eloquent lesions admitted to the Department of Neurosurgery, the First Medical Center, People's Liberation Army General Hospital from September 2020 to September 2021 were retrospectively enrolled. There were 7 males and 8 females, aged (50±16) years (range: 16 to 70 years). Postoperative pathological diagnosis included meningioma (n=7), metastatic carcinoma (n=3), cavernous hemangioma, glioma, ependymoma, aneurysmal changes and lymphoma (n=1, respectively). The open-source software was used to perform the three-dimensional visualization of preoperative images, and the self-developed MRN system was used to perform the fusion and interaction of multimodal images, so as to formulate the surgical plan and avoid damaging the eloquent white matter fiber tracts. Traditional navigation, intraoperative ultrasound and fluorescein sodium angiography were used to determine the extent of lesion resection. The intraoperative conditions of MRN-assisted surgery were analyzed, and the setup time and localization error of MRN system were measured. The changes of postoperative neurological function were recorded. Results: MRN based on multimodal imaging was achieved in all patients. The MRN system setup time (M(IQR)) was 36 (12) minutes (range: 20 to 44 minutes), and the localization error was 3.2 (2.0) mm (range: 2.6 to 6.7 mm). The reliability of eloquent white matter fiber tracts localization based on MRN was rated as "excellent" in 11 cases, "medium" in 3 cases, and "poor" in 1 case. There were no perioperative death and no new impairment in motor, language, or visual functions after operation. Transient limb numbness occurred in 1 patient after operation, and recovered to the preoperative state in 2 weeks after operation. Conclusion: The MRN system based on multimodal imaging can improve the surgical accuracy and safety, and reduce the incidence of iatrogenic neurological dysfunction.
Humans ; Augmented Reality ; Reproducibility of Results ; Retrospective Studies ; Multimodal Imaging