Objective To observe and evaluate clinical therapeutic effect of photodynamic therapy (PDT) on malignant tumor. Methods 20 patients of malignant tumors of different nature and different stages were subjected to PDT or PDT-predominant comprehensive therapy. All the patients were followed-up, and the clinical results were analyzed. Results Among these patients, 3 tumors at early stage showed complete remission (CR), and no relapse was found in the follow-up period. Among the 17 cases with tumors in advanced stage, CR was seen in 9 cases, PR in 8, and 3 patients died of causes other than PDT after 1-6 months of follow-up. Conclusion PDT shows a curative effect on malignant tumors in early stage, and fairly good therapeutic effect on those in advanced stage. It is one of the optional treatments for malignant tumors.

Objective To explore the robe of interleukin-6 in the apoptosis of multiple myeloma (MM) cell lines KM_3 induced by melphalan and its molecular mechanism. Methods Apoptosis was confirmed by flow cytometry, DNA fragmentation rate and TUNEL. The expression of caspase-3, caspase-8 proteins in KM_3 cell, which was assessed by Western blot analysis, after melphalan treatment and cultured with or without interleukin-6. Results KM3 cells in the presence of interleukin-6 showed lower rate of apoptosis compared with that in the absence of interleukin-6 (P

Objective To explore the relation between changes in apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease (APE1) gene expression and effects of melphalan on multiple myeloma (MM) cells. Methods Expression of APE1 protein was detected in MM cell line KM3 using immunocytochemical staining and Western blot assay after 0~15?mol/L melphalan treatment for 1~2d. Integral optical density was determined by means of image analysis system. Results There was positive relationship between levels of APE1 protein in KM3 cells and the treatment time and dose of melphalan. Conclusion Expression of APE1 protein could be induced by melphalan treatment. The result suggests that a high expression of APE1 protein may play a certain role in the resistance of multiple myeloma to melphalan.

Objective To investigate the risk factors for bacterial pneumonia and the predictive value of early serum procalcitonin (PCT) level for bacterial pneumonia and sepsis classification in patients with acute stroke. Methods The patients with acute stroke in neurological intensive care unit were enroled retrospectively and divided into either a bacterial pneumonia group or a non-infection group according to whether they had bacterial pneumonia or not. The former was redivided into a non-severe sepsis subgroup and a severe sepsis subgroup according to the sepsis classification. The demographics, baseline clinical data, and PCT level (the bacterial pneumonia group was the PCT level when infection occurred, the non-infection group was the PCT level within 24 h of admission) were compared. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to identify the independent risk factors for bacterial pneumonia. Receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve was used to analyze the predictive value of serum PCT level for bacterial pneumonia and sepsis
classification. Results A total of 164 patients with acute stroke were enroled in the study, including 114 in the bacterial pneumonia group (66 in the non-severe sepsis subgroup and 48 in the severe sepsis subgroup) and 50 in the non-infection group. There were significant differences in age, fasting blood glucose level, Glasgow coma scale (GCS) score, and PCT level between the bacterial pneumonia group and the non-infection group (P < 0. 05 ). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that fasting blood glucose level ≥7 mmol/L (odds ratio [ OR] 8. 488, 95% confidence interval [ CI] 2. 739 - 26. 300; P < 0. 01), GCS score ≤8 (OR 11. 361, 95% CI 2. 175 - 59. 352; P < 0. 01), and PCT level ≥0. 050 ng/ml (OR 16. 715, CI 5. 075 - 55. 049; P < 0. 01) were the independent risk factors for bacterial pneumonia. In the bacterial pneumonia group, the PCT level (median; interquartile range) in the severe sepsis subgroup was significantly higher than that in the non-severe sepsis subgroup (0. 835 [ 0. 164 - 1. 715 ] ng/ml vs. 0. 114 [0. 073 - 0. 275 ] ng/ml; Z = 4. 818, P < 0. 01 ). ROC curve analysis showed that PCT ≥0. 070 ng/ml could better predict the occurrence of bacterial pneumonia in patients with acute stroke, with sensitivity of 84. 2% , specificity of 74. 0% and the area under the ROC curve of 0. 865 (CI 0. 806 - 0. 924, P < 0. 01); PCT 0. 669 ng/mlcould better predict the occurrence of severe sepsis in acute stroke patients with bacterial pneumonia, with sensitivity of 56. 3% , specificity of 92. 4% and the area under the ROC curve of 0. 765 (CI 0. 672 - 0. 858; P < 0. 01). Conclusions The early PCT level ≥0. 050 ng/ml was an independent risk factor for occurring bacterial pneumonia in patients with acute stroke, its level had certaln predictive value for bacterial pneumonia and the severity of infection.

Ambulance is a kind of new medical technique vehicle along with the development of medical science.Many countries are developing new ambulances in order to satisfy the demand of the emergency highway accident rescue.The GPS communication system and the vehicular medical power design are the most important parts of the ambulances for their complicated technology.This article discusses these two problems.

The quality control methods are the important to improve the exactness of diagnses and the effectivity of treatment.X-ray imaging quality is an important factor in improving the X-ray diagnosis effect.To serve this purpose,medical engineering personnel should do the X-ray quality control regularly to keep every parameter in accordance with national standards and demands.The quality control methods for several important indexes of X-ray generators are also discussed.[Chinese Medical Equipment Journal,2008,29(2):99-101]

Objective To investigate the clinical efficacy and safety of radiofrequency ablation (RFA)combined with low frequency ultrasound radiation with microbubble for the treatment of malignant liver neoplasms.Methods The clinical data of 25 patients with malignant liver neoplasms who received RFA combined with low frequency ultrasound radiation with microbubble at the Kunming General Hospital from January 2010 to June 2011 were retrospectively analyzed.RFA was firstly performed with ultrasonic guidance,and then low frequency ultrasound radiation with microbubble was performed according to the results of ultrasound contrast examination 1 week after RFA.Ultrasound contrast examination was performed and the hepatic function and serum alpha fetoprotein (AFP) were assayed before operation,3 and 6 months after operation,respectively.All data were analyzed using the t test or chi-square test.Results The gross tumor volumes of 16 patients reduced by 30％ at 3 months after operation when compared with that before operation.The gross tumor volumes of 17 patients reduced by 50％ at 6 months after operation when compared with that before operation.The gross tumor volume of 7 patients reduced,but tissues surrounding tumors showed the signal of bloodstream.The gross tumor volume of 1 patient did not reduce.The levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST),total bilirubin (TBil) and alpha fetoprotein (AFP) at 3 months after operation were significantly lower than those before operation (t =23.51,13.79,257.07,P ＜0.05).The levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT),AST,TBil and AFP at 6 months after operation were significantly lower than those before operation (t =5.67,27.19,21.02,333.46,P ＜ 0.05).No local recurrence was detected during a follow-up of 6 months.The scores of quality of life (QOL) were very good in 21 (84.0％) patients,good in 2 (8.0％) patients,fair in 1 (4.0％) patient and poor in 1 (4.0％) patient.The scores of Karnofsky (KPS)were improved in 19 (76.0％) patients,stable in 5 (20.0％) patients and aggravated in 1 (4.0％) patient.There were significant differences in QOL and KPS between pre-and postoperation (x2=41.600,18.960,P ＜0.05).Conclusion RFA combined with low frequency ultrasound radiation with microbubble is effective in reducing the tumor size and protect the hepatic function for patients with malignant liver neoplasms.

Purpose To study the MRI manifestations of hippocampus with acute injury in children with epilepsy, and to explore its causes and outcomes for a better understanding of the changes of hippocampal structure with acute injury.Materials and Methods The clinical and imaging data of 8 children with epilepsy whose hippocampus showed hyperintensity in DWI were retrospectively analyzed. The bilateral hippocampal volume and ADC values were measured; changes of hippocampal volume and T2WI signal and ADC value were also analyzed.Results Eight patients were clinically diagnosed as epilepsy, 7 cases had recurrent history of seizures. MRI was performed from 1 to 5 days after the onset of epilepsy. All the 8 patients had increased unilateral hippocampal volume, 6 of whom were on the left side and the other 2 were on the right side. The affected ipsilateral hippocampal volume was significantly higher than that on the contralateral side [(2.096±0.570) cm3 and (1.768±0.447) cm3, respectively,t=-4.763,P<0.01]. The signals increased on T2WI and FLAIR; DWI showed hyperintensity with increase by approximately 25.52%. The affected ipsilateral ADC value was significantly lower than the contralateral one [(0.763±0.049)×10-3 mm2/s and (0.859±0.054)×10-3 mm2/s, respectively, t=9.598,P<0.01]. No abnormalities were found in bilateral hippocampus when 3 patients underwent MRI due to febrile convulsions and seizures before the onset of epilepsy. The affected ipsilateral hippocampal volume reduced in 3 patients after 3 to 5 months;signal was still high on T2WI and FLAIR; ADC values increased by 15.6%, the imaging results indicated hippocampal sclerosis.Conclusion Epilepsy can cause acute injury in hippocampus which demonstrates hippocampus swelling, signal increase on T2WI, and reduced ADC value and may lead to hippocampal sclerosis.

Objective To analyze the ultrasound findings of urinary calculi caused by melamine. Methods The urinary system of totally 5337 children were examined with high frequency convex ultrasound probe,the characteristics of the images were analysed. CT plain scan method was used when ultrasound result was in difficulty. Results There were 360 cases with calculus in the 5337 children. In the 360 cases, unilateral calculus was in 92 cases, bilateral calculus in 48, bladder stone in 3, urethra stone in 1, kidney calcium deposition in 2, suspicion stone in 214 cases, urinary obstruction in 28 of them. The size of the stones ranged from 3 mm×2 mm to stag-horn calculus. Conclusions The urinary calculi caused by melamine is sandy stone. Ultrasound result is equivocal in the disease, CT plain scan can be a method of choice. High frequency convex probe provides more clear images, more evident adminstrative levels of anatomise than general abdominal probe does. It is beneficial for diagnosing and differential diagnosing of these diseases.

Objcctive To investigate the predictive value of the 40 Hz auditory steady-state response (ASSR) in patients with the malignant process of middle cerebral artery territory infarction.Methods The40 Hz ASSR and brainstem auditory evoked potential (BAEP) were performed within 72 hours after patients with middle cerebral artery terrtory infarction admitted in the neuro-intensive care unite (NICU).At the same time,the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) scores were assessed.Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to deterrmine the influencing factors of the malignant process.The relevant indicators of the malignant process were analyzed by the receiver operating characteristic(ROC) curve in order to clear the predictive value of 40 Hz ASSR in the malignant process of middle cerebral artery territory infarction.Results A total of 104 patients with supratentorial middle cerebral artery territory infarction were included.They were divided into the malignant process group (n=59) or the non-malignant process group (n=45).There were significant differences in the baseline NIHSS scores (17.25 ± 7.23 vs.20.40 ± 8.09; t =- 2.055,P =0.043),infarct volume (105.85 ± 73.37 mm3 us.179.15 ± 144.38 mm3; t =-3.011,P =0.004),leukocyte count ([ 10.26 ±3.14] × 109/L vs.[ 13.45 ±5.42] × 109/L; t =-3.336,P =0.001),40 Hz ASSR (Z =-3.237,P =0.001),and short-latency somatosensory evoked potentials (Z =-3.130,P =0.002) grade between the malignant process group and the non-malignant process group.Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the40 Hz ASSR (odds ratio [OR] 3.347,95％ confidence interval [CI] 1.630 -6.872; P=0.014),infarct volume (OR 1.006,95％ CI 1.001 - 1.012,P=0.003),and leukocyte count (OR 1.277,95％ CI 1.074 - 1.402; P =0.001) were the independent predictors in patients with the malignant process of middle cerebral artery territory infarction.When the 40 Hz ASSR was grade 3,the sensitivity and specificity of predicting malignant process were 39.5％ and 94.4％.Conclusions The 40 Hz ASSR has an important predictive value in patients with the malignant process of middle cerebral artery territory infarction.