Craniometry; Cranial index

BACKGROUND: A silk fibroin/chitosan scaffold has good biocompatibility, osteoinductivity and degradability.OBJECTIVE: To review the structure, performance and application of the silk fibroin/chitosan scaffold in bone,cartilage and soft tissue engineering regeneration.METHODS: PubMed, Wanfang, and CNKI databases were retrieved by computer for articles related to the structure, performance and application of the silk fibroin/chitosan scaffold in orthopedics published from 1998 to 2016. The keywords were chitosan, silk protein, bone tissue engineering in English and Chinese, respectively.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The silk fibroin/chitosan scaffold is characterized by good biocompatibility, bone inductivity and biodegradability that make cells grow well on the scaffold. The silk fibroin/chitosan scaffold has been widely used in bone tissue engineering, and has a prominent performance in bone defect repair and cartilage injury treatment. Meanwhile, the silk fibroin/chitosan scaffold exerts a crucial role in wound healing as well as in the treatment of spinal nerve injury and other soft tissue injuries. However, the silk fibroin/chitosan scaffold currently is less reported in the clinical use due to various reasons, and it will be the main research direction of future efforts. As is known to us, silk protein can be used to prepare the cruciate ligament and construct tissue-engineered nuclei; therefore, the silk fibroin/chitosan scaffold can be developed in the treatment of tendon ligament injury and intervertebral disc tissue engineering.

Objective To provide scientific basis for prevention of source water pollution and minimization of impacts of biological pollution on drinking water quality.Methods The source water and finished water were determined based on the National Sanitary Method for Determination of Drinking Water(GB5750-1985),the sanitary quality of source water was classified based on the National Standard for Environmental Quality of Surface Water(GHZB1-1999),the sanitary quality of finished water was evaluated based on the National Sanitary Standard for Drinking Water(GB5749-1985).Results 36.8% of the accidents of source water pollution were induced by biological pollution,which mainly occured in rivers and lakes. Conclusion The important countermeasures for the minimization of source water biological pollution were to improve the process of water treatment and to develop the deep water treatment for conventional water treatment.

Objective To study the chemical constituents from the aerial parts of Anabasis aphylla.Methods The chemical constituents were isolated and purified by silica gel column and Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography.Spectroscopic methods such as MS and NMR spectra were used for the structural identification.Results A new caffeate ester, named eicosyl-(Z)-caffeate (1), along with fourteen known compounds was isolated from the EtOAc part.Conclusion Compound 1 is a new compound and compounds 2-13 are isolated from the plants of Anabasis L.for the first time.

AIM: To investigate the ethanolic and aqueous extracts from Sancao prescription (Spica prunellae, Oldenlandia diffuse (willd) Roxb, Herba agrimoniae) on the proliferation of human lung adenocarcinoma cell line (A549). METHODS: 95% ,60% and 30% ethanolic extract and aqueous extract were prepared from Sancao pre-scription. The MTT assay was used to determine the inhibitory action against the proliferation of A549. RESULTS: IC_(50) of 60% ethanolic extract over A549 was one of the lowest in extracts. Combination of 60% and 90% ethanolic extract showed the synergistic antitumour activity. CONCLUSION: Ethanolic extract of Sancao prescription has and effect on human hung adenocarcinoma(A549).

To observe the feasibility of ultrasonography as guide of ultrasound thrombolysis for treating lower limb arteriosclerosis obliterans.Methods: Fifteen cases of lower limb arteriosclerosis obliterans were treated with intravascular ultrasound thrombolysis.The whole processes were guided by ultrasonography.Results: Ultrasonography clearly showed the walls of the arteries,thrombus,artheromatous plaques and blood flow dynamics.It also showed on real time the structures,positions and work states of the catheter,guide wire and thromboltic probe during manipulation.It provided reliable surveillance and guide of ultrasound thrombolysis.All the obliterated arteries of the patients were successfully recanalized.Conclusion: Ultrasonography is a feasible means for surveillance and guide of intravascular ultraound theombolysis.

E.coli single-stranded DNA-binding protein (SSB) plays an important role in replication, recombination and repair of DNA and is thus crucial for the survival of the bacteria.We described a high expression and efficient purification scheme and kinetic assay of interaction with its substrate, single-stranded DNA (ssDNA). A ssb gene (537 bp) for encoding SSB was obtained by PCR amplification from E.coli K-12 genome. The expression vector of the fusion protein SSB was constructed by attaching ssb gene to pQE30. SSB fusion protein was expressed in M15 E.coli strain induced by IPTG. SDS-PAGE analysis revealed that the expected protein with a molecular weight 20.6kDa was soluble and amounted to about 30% of the total bacterial protein. SSB protein was purified by immobilized metal (Ni2+) chelation affinity chromatography and the purity was about 90%. The resulting SSB protein was a correctly folded tetramer analyzed by gel filtration. It could bind ssDNA with equilibrium dissociation constant (KD) of 4.79×10-7 mol/L as determined by surface plasmon resonance.

OBJECTIVE: To study the effect of various polarity fractions extracted from Sancaofang (SCF) and its combination on proliferation of human lung adenocarciaoma SPC-A-1 cells for bolting the most effective position of anti-tumor and suitable compatibility regimes.METHODS: Ethanol extraction and water extraction were adopted to prepare 95%,60% and 30% ethanol extract portion,water extract portion of SCF and compound decoction.The MTT assay was used to determine the effect of various polarity fractions of SCF,decoction and its combination on SPC-A-1 cells proliferation.RESULTS: IC50 of 60% ethanol extract was the smallest for SPC-A-1 cells.60% ethanol extract combined with 95% ethanol extract acts as a stimulus to anti-tumor activity significantly.CONCLUSION: The best suitable compatibility regimes were 95% ethanol extract combined with 60% ethanol extract.The liposolubility extract of SCF can be applied for anti-tumor.

OBJECTIVE:To establish the method for the simultaneous determination of anticancer activity components of flavonoids from Hedyotis diffusa,i.e. quercetin,kaempferol. METHODS:HPLC was applied to determine the contents and performed on Alltima C18(250 mm?4.6 mm,5 ?m) column. Mobile phase consisted of methanol(A)-0.5% glacial acetic acid,(gradient elution). The detection wavelength was aet at 350 nm. RESULTS:The linear range of quercetin was 0.006 2～0.244 0 ?g(r=0.999 8)and that of kaempferol 0.007 8～0.310 6 ?g(r=0.999 9). The average recovery of quercetin was 101.84%(RSD=1.79%,n=6) and that of kaempferol 99.04%(RSD=2.90%,n=6). CONCLUSIONS:The method is simple,accurate and reproducible for the quality control of H. diffusa.

AIM:To establish an HPLC method for determining the contents of caffeic acid,quercetin and campherenol in Hedyotis diffusa Willd. METHODS:The samples were separated on an Alltima C 18 (250 mm? 4.6 mm,5 ?m) column with the mobile phase of MeOH(A)-0.5% glacial acetic acid solution;gradient elution(0～15 min,30%～60% A;15～30 min,60%～60% A).Flow rate was 1.0 mL/min. The detection wavelength was set at 350 nm.Column temperature was at 30 ℃. RESULTS:The contents of caffeic acid,quercetin and campherenol were 14.218～23.695 ?g/g,9.919～25.564 ?g/g and 6.229～18.160 ?g/g in Hedyotis diffusa Willd from different sources. The linear range of caffeic acid was 0.005 0～0.200 0 ?g(r=0.999 9),the average recovery was 102.35%,RSD was 2.31%(n=6);The linear range of quercetin was 0.006 2～0.244 0 ?g(r=0.999 9),the average recovery was 101.84%,RSD was 1.79%(n=6);The linear range of campherenol was 0.007 8～ 0.310 6 ?g(r=0.999 9),the average recovery was 99.04%,RSD was 2.90%(n=6). CONCLUSION:The method for quantifying of caffeic acid,quercetin and campherenol in Hedyotis diffusa Willd is accurate and reliable.