Objective To describe the sonographic features of abdominal wall endometriosis(AWE).Methods 105 consecutive women with proven pathological endometriosis of the abdominal wall were retrospectively recruited.The clinical data and the result of the sonographic examinations were reviewed and described.The AWE lesions were divided into ＜3 cm and ≥3 cm groups according to their maximum diameter.Results The sonographic feature of AWE includes irregular hypoechoic nodules with ill-defined margins,anechoic and hyperechoic ring maybe exist.In color Doppler,most of them showed few internal vascularity.Compared with≥3 cm group,＜3 cm group nodules manifested as shorter latent period,with more superficial location,round or oval shape,peripheral hyperechoic ring and none or few vascularity were more common.As for ≥3 cm group nodules manifested as longer latent period,with deeper location,irregular shape,abundant of vascularity were more common.Conclusions Specific diagnosis of AWE can be made by using high frequency sonography combined with clinical features.More accurate information can be provided by judging the size,range and infiltrative depth.

Objective To observe the enhancement pattern and time-intensity curve of endometrial carcinomas by using contrast-enhanced ultrasound(CEUS). Methods Altogether 30 endometrial carcinomas were evaluated with real-time gray-scale CEUS, using pulse inversion harmonies technique. The enhancement patterns were observed. Twenty tumors were compared for the size between traditional ultrasound and CEUS. In 21 cases, the parameters of time-intenaity curve were compared between the endometrial lesion and un-involved myometrium. Results The contrast agent arrived at the feeding vessels firstly and then branched into the endometrial tumors. All of the endometrial tumors were enhanced completely except for the necrosis area. In 73.3 % (22/30) of cases, the tumors washed out earlier than the un-involved myometrium. By using CEUS 76. 7% (23/30) of cases showed the feeding vessels of tumor. 43.3% (13/30) of cases showed more clearly than traditional ultrasound in tumor base, position and boundary. The mean enhancement sizes of tumor were bigger than the size showed by traditional ultrasound in 85% of cases by (0. 62±0.50)cm. More than 90% cases showed the tumors start to enhance and wash-out earlier than or at the same time as myometrium. The arrival time and peak time of cancer group were significantly earlier than myometrium group. The peak intensity, enhancement intensity and the rising rate of the tumor group were significantly higher than those of the myometrium group. Conclusions There are some characteristic points in CEUS of endometrial carcinomas. CEUS can provide richer information in tumor imaging than traditional ultrasound and has certain clinical value.

Aim To investigate the expression of AB-CB5 and MDR1 in the cell line KG1 a and samples from acute myeloid leukemia ( AML) and their effects on multidrug resistance. Methods The expression of ABCB5 and P-gp ( the expressed product of MDR1 ) in KG1 a cells were detected by flow cytometry as well as Western blot analysis; KG1 a cells were transfected with the specific siRNA of ABCB5 using lipo2000 to reduce the expression of ABCB5; intracellular rhoda-mine123 was measured by flow cytometry;cell viability was detected by MTT; the expressions of ABCB5 and MDR1 in samples from AML were detected by real time PCR. Results ABCB5 and P-gp were overexpressed in KG1 a;the specific siRNA of ABCB5 transiently in-hibited the expression of ABCB5 in KG1 a; the siAB-CB5-KG1 a cells increased the intracellular rhodamine 123 and have been more sensitive to adriamycin com-pared with the parent KG1a. ABCB5 gene expression in samples from AML was higher than healthy people. Further, the expression of ABCB5 in 38 relapse or re-fractory AML significantly exceeded the 33 drug sensi-tive. And we found a significant positive correlation between ABCB5 expression and MDR1 gene expression in the 38 patients with relapse or refractory AML. Conclusion ABCB5 , as well as P-gp contributes to mediate multidrug resistance of AML, which provides a novel target for the therapy of relapse or refractory AML.

Objective: To observe hypoglycemic effects of Yunu Decoction, Zuogui Pill and Shenqi Pill, three compound traditional Chinese herbal medicines, in treatment of diabetes mellitus induced by alloxan in rats, and to compare the therapeutic effects among the three recipes for nourishing yin, clearing away heat, and nourishing yin and warming yang. Methods: Diabetes mellitus was induced in rats with alloxan at a dose of 60 mg/kg via tail vain injection. The diabetic rats were randomly divided into four groups: alloxan model group, Yunu Decoction-treated group, Zuogui Pill-treated group and Shenqi Pill-treated group. Rats in the three recipe groups were administered intragastrically with water extraction of Yunu Decoction, Zuogui Pill, and Shenqi Pill accordingly for 10 days. Then the level of blood glucose was measured by glucose oxidase method and the glucose tolerance was determined. Results: Compared with the normal rats, blood glucose level in the alloxan model group was obviously increased (P<0.05). Glucose levels in the three recipe groups were obviously decreased as compared with the alloxan model group (P<0.05), and glucose level in the Yunu Decoction-treated group after treatment was significant lower than before treatment (P<0.05). The glucose tolerance test indicated that rats in the alloxan model and three recipe groups revealed impaired glucose tolerance as compared with the normal rats, and there were no significant differences between the alloxan model group and the three recipe groups. Conclusion: Yunu Decoction, Zuogui Pill and Shenqi Pill can effectively decrease the glucose level of the rats with diabetes mellitus induced by alloxan, and Yunu Decoction showed the best therapeutic effects. The glucose tolerance test shows that the three recipes cannot correct the abnormal metabolism of glucose.

Background & Objective: The calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) has a central role in the pathogenesis of migraine, but variations in CGRP-related genes, including the calcitonin gene-related polypeptide-alpha (CALCA) gene and the receptor activity modifying 1 (RAMP1) gene, have not been found to link with migraine in Australian population. The goals of this study were to determine whether variants in the two genes are related to migraine in Chinese population. Methods: Using a case-control approach, rs3781719 and rs145837941 in the CALCA gene and rs3754701 and rs7590387 at the RAMP1 locus was analyzed in a cohort of 504 migraine cases and 529 ethnically matched controls. Genotyping was performed using Sequenom MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry iPLEX platform. Results: The CALCA gene rs145837941 variant was not found in migraine or control group. No significant difference in genotypic and allelic distribution was observed in the other three polymorphisms between migraine cases and controls. All the three SNPs were also not selected as significant factors that independently contributed to susceptibility to migraine in multivariate analysis. In the subgroup analysis, the CALCA rs3781719 seemed to be a significant risk for migraine with aura, but was not statistically significant after FDR correction. Moreover, there was no synergistic relationship between the three SNPs in the multifactor dimensionality reduction analysis for explore locus–locus interactions. Conclusion: Our data suggested that variants in CALCA gene and RAMP1 gene were not associated with migraine in the Han-Chinese population.
Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide ; Migraine Disorders

Objective:To investigate the joint associations of smoking and insufficient physical activity with hypertension, diabetes and dyslipidemia in male adults.Methods:Based on the data from the 2017 Nanjing Chronic Diseases Risk Factors Surveillance Program, 61 098 Nanjing residents aged 18 and older was randomly recruited from 12 districts, using the multi-stage stratified cluster sampling method. Information about smoking behaviors, physical activity and chronic disease-related indicators within the first 12 months before the survey was obtained through questionnaires.Results:Among the 29 848 valid male samples, the proportions of non-smokers, current smokers and ex-smokers were 59.6%, 37.2% and 3.2%, and the proportions of those who had physically active<600 MET-min/w (insufficient physically active) and ≥600 MET-min/w (adequate physically active) were 18.8% and 82.2%, respectively. In non-smokers, current smokers and ex-smokers, the prevalence of hypertension was 24.7%, 34.0% and 43.8%, and the prevalence of diabetes was 8.8%, 12.3% and 16.5%, and the prevalence of dyslipidemia was 26.8%, 36.1% and 41.9%, respectively. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that current smokers had a higher risk of hypertension ( OR=1.164, 95% CI: 1.086-1.248), diabetes ( OR=1.324, 95% CI: 1.207-1.452), and dyslipidemia ( OR=1.291, 95% CI: 1.216-1.371) than non-smokers in male adults. Compared with people who had adequate physical activity, someone with insufficient physical activity had higher hypertension ( OR=1.452, 95% CI: 1.331-1.583), diabetes ( OR=1.170, 95% CI: 1.041-1.315) and dyslipidemia ( OR=1.245, 95% CI: 1.158-1.338). And current smokers with insufficient physical activity had the highest risk of hypertension ( OR=1.749, 95% CI: 1.550-1.974), diabetes ( OR=1.363, 95% CI: 1.165-1.595), and dyslipidemia ( OR=1.614, 95% CI: 1.461-1.782) in male adults. Conclusions:Smoking and insufficient physical activity are risk factors for hypertension, diabetes, and dyslipidemia. People who is characterized by smoking together with insufficient physical activity presents with increased risk on developing hypertension, diabetes, and dyslipidemia.

Cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript (CART) peptide is a widely distributed neurotransmitter expressed in the central nervous systems. Previously, several reports demonstrated that nucleus accumbal-injected CART peptide positively modulated behavioral sensitization induced by psychostimulants and regulated the mesocorticolimbic dopaminergic pathway. It is confirmed that CART peptide exerted inhibitory effect on psychostimulant-enhanced dopamine receptors signaling, Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent kinase signaling and crucial transcription factors expression. Besides modulation of dopamine receptors-related pathways, CART peptide also exhibited elaborated interactions with other neurotransmitter receptors, such as glutamate receptors and γ-aminobutyric acid receptors, which further account for attribution of CART peptide to inhibition of psychostimulant-potentiated locomotor activity. Recently, CART peptide has been shown to have anxiolytic functions on the aversive mood and uncontrolled drug-seeking behaviors following drug withdrawal. Moreover, microinjection of CART peptide has been shown to have an anti-depressant effect, which suggests its potential utility in the mood regulation and avoidance of depression-like behaviors. In this review, we discuss CART pathways in neural circuits and their interactions with neurotransmitters associated with psychostimulant-induced depression.
Central Nervous System ; Depression* ; Dopamine ; Drug-Seeking Behavior ; Microinjections ; Motor Activity ; Neurotransmitter Agents ; Phosphotransferases ; Receptors, Dopamine ; Receptors, Glutamate ; Receptors, Neurotransmitter ; Transcription Factors

OBJECTIVE: To determine the expression of p53 and its clinical significance in HER2-negative breast invasive ductal carcinoma (BIDC). METHODS: The expression of p53, ER and PR in the HER2-negative BIDC was detected by immunohistochemistry and the results were analyzed by SPSS10.0 software packet, chi-square test, spearman's correlation analysis, Kaplan-Meier survival curves and Cox regression analysis. RESULTS: The positive expression of p53 protein in BIDC with pathological grade III was significantly higher than that with grade I (P<0.05), but there was no significant correlation between the expression of p53 and age, clinical stage, or lymph node metastasis status in the BIDC. The positive expression of p53 protein in BIDC with ER-positive was significantly lower than that with ER-negative (P<0.01). The positive expression of p53 protein was significantly lower in BIDC with common expression of ER and PR than that with negative expression of ER or PR (P<0.05). The HER2-negative BIDC patients with p53-positive expression had a lower 5 year survival than those with p53-negative expression. CONCLUSION The positive expression of p53 protein might have significant prognostic value and is an independent prognostic marker in HER2 -negative BIDC.
Breast Neoplasms ; genetics ; metabolism ; Carcinoma, Ductal ; genetics ; metabolism ; Female ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Kaplan-Meier Estimate ; Lymphatic Metastasis ; Prognosis ; Receptor, ErbB-2 ; Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 ; genetics ; metabolism

Objective:To study the agreements between transperineal ultrasound (TPUS) and endoanal ultrasound in assessing obstetrics anal sphincter injury (OASI), and to analyse the diagnostic efficacy of OASI in predicting AI relationship between OASI and anal incontinence (AI).Methods:A total of 217 women were prospectively recruited from the clinic in the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University from January 2021 to May 2022. Symptoms of AI were determined using the St Mark′s Incontinence Score (SMIS). TPUS and EAUS were performed by the same operator with the same machine on every participant for detecting OASI: OASI grades 3a, 3b, 3c, and 4 were performed according to the extent of the injuries in the anal sphincter complex. The angle of the defect in the external anal sphincter (EAS) was measured. A "significant EAS defect" was diagnosed as a defect affecting at least 2/3 of the length of the EAS with a defect angle of ≥30° in each slice.Ultrasound findings were compared between the two methods. The diagnostic efficacy of "ultrasound OASI" in predicting AI was analysed by logistic regression.Results:Of 217 women, twenty-eight (12.9%) suffered from AI with SMIS ranging from 5~20(11.9±4.5). On TPUS, 79 (36.4%) cases were suspected of OASI, that was 50 OASI 3a, 13 OASI 3b, and 16 OASI 3c/4. On EAUS, 78 (35.9%) cases were suspected of OASI that was 23 OASI 3a, 22 OASI 3b, 15 OASI 3c, and 18 OASI 4. Twenty-four "significant EAS defects" were diagnosed by TPUS and twenty-eight by EAUS, TPUS had excellent agreement with EAUS (weighted Kappa=0.91, P<0.001). Logistic regression analysis showed that "ultrasound OASI" was associated with AI symptoms. ROC curve analysis showed that the area under the curve (AUC) was 0.92, 0.87, 0.89, 0.92 for TPUS OASI 3b+ , EAUS OASI 3b+ , TPUS "Significant EAS defect" , and EAUS "Significant EAS defect" for predicting AI, respectively. Conclusions:TPUS has good agreement with EAUS in detecting OASI. OASI 3b+ and "significant EAS defect" on TPUS and EAUS had good performance in predicting AI symptoms.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the mechanism of iridoid from Valeriana jatamansi treating irritable bowel syndrome.

METHODSixty male SD rats were equally divided into 6 groups (2 controls, 1 model and 3 treatment doses) with 10 rats per group. The test groups were administered with iridoid (24.92, 12.46, 6. 23 mg x kg(-1)) while the control groups were administered with fluoxetine (2.5 mg x kg(-1), positive control) or distilled water (negative control). The model was established by chronic stress and independent feeding. The influence of iridoid from V. jatamansi on 5-HT and 5-HIAA in colon, serum and hypothalamic were observed in all groups.

RESULTIn the model group, the content of 5-HT in colon and serum increased significantly, but the content of 5-HT in hypothalamic decreased significantly. The content of 5-HIAA and the value of 5-HT/5-HIAA had no significant change. In three iridoid-treated groups, the content of 5-HT in colon and serum decreased, but the content of 5-HT in hypothalamic increased. The content of 5-HIAA had no significant change. The value of 5-HT/5-HIAA in colon and serum reduced.

CONCLUSIONThe mechanism of iridoid from V. jatamansi treating irritable bowel syndrome may be related to the regulation effect to the levels of 5-HT from Gastrointestinal to central nervous system.

Animals ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Colon ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Hydroxyindoleacetic Acid ; blood ; metabolism ; Hypothalamus ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Iridoids ; therapeutic use ; Irritable Bowel Syndrome ; blood ; drug therapy ; metabolism ; Male ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Serotonin ; blood ; metabolism ; Valerian ; chemistry