OBJECTIVEThis work lays the foundation for establishing a digital model database with normal occlusion. A digital dental cast is acquired through grating projection, and model features are measured through reverse engineering.

METHODSThe grating projection system controlled by a computer was projected onto the surface of a normal dental model. Three-dimensional contour data were obtained through multi-angle shooting. A three-dimensional model was constructed, and the model features were analyzed by using reverse engineering. The digital model was compared with the plaster model to determine the accuracy of the measurement system.

RESULTSThe structure of three-dimensional reconstruction model was clear. The digital models of two measurements exhibited no significant difference (P > 0.05). When digital and plaster models were measured, we found that the crown length and arch width were not statistically different (P > 0.05), whereas the difference between the crown width and arch length was statistically significant (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONThe reconstruction of a digital model by using the grating projection technique and reverse engineering can be used for dental model measurement in clinic al and scientific research and can provide a scientific method for establishing a digital model database with normal occlusion.

Background Poly(adenosine diphosphate-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP-1) plays an important role in the pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy (DR),and Notch1 signal pathway is one of the important signal transduction pathways in the organism which may antagonize retinal vascular diseases.However,if Notch1 signaling pathway is involved in pathogenesis of DR has not been confirmed yet.Objective This study was to investigate the expressions of Notch1,Dll4,PARP-1,Akt,nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) and caspase-3 in the retina of diabetic mouse model and retinal vascular endothelial cells (RVECs) under the high glucose.Methods The expressions of Notch1,Dll4,PARP-1,Akt,NF-κB and caspase-3 in the retina of diabetic mouse models were investigated using immunochemistry and Western blot method after the diabetic mouse models were established.And these proteins were detected in retinal RVECs under the high glucose by Western blot.Results The expressions of Notch1,Dll4 and phosphorylated Akt (p-Akt) in retinas reduced significantly and simultaneously companied with increases of PARP-1 and caspase-3 in diabetic mice compared with normal mice (all at P＜0.05).However,no obvious change was found in the expression of NF-κB (P＞0.05).Expressions of Notch1 and p-Akt in RVECs increased with the increase of glucose concentration,but expressions of cleaved PARP-1 and caspase-3 decreased,especially in the 30 mmol/L group,showing significant differences in comparison with the normal control group (all at P＜0.05).But no altering of NF-κB expression was seen in the mice with diabetes mellitus.Conclusions The expressions of cleaved-PARP-1 and caspase-3 in the retinas is up-regulated,but the expressions of Notch1 and p-Akt are down-regulated in diabetic mice.

Objective To evaluate the diabetes self-management program based on Chinese local patients in Nanjing community. Methods From April 2014 to June 2014, diabetes patients were recruited through health records system screening in the community health service centers, letter invitation, poster announcements at communities, and telephone notification. A total of 53 self-management groups were established. Nanjing diabetes self-management program included six 1-1.5 hours sessions scheduled on consecutive weeks, based on the blueprint of Shanghai Chronic Disease Self-Management Program (CDSMP) developed at Stanford University. Baseline and three-month later interviews were conducted respectively. Results A total of 636 patients were recruited and agreed to enter CDSMP; 603 completed the 6-session activities, with the response rate being 94.8%. Compared to baseline, nine of the patients' the awareness rate of diabetes-related knowledge, six of self-management behaviors, the scores of quality of life in physical component summary [(47.51 ± 9.47) vs. (49.10 ± 8.27) points, t=6.170, P=0.000] and mental component summary [(47.09±11.95) vs. (49.13±10.74) points, t=5.157, P=0.000] were all higher after three months (all P values<0.05). Three months after implementation, the level of systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, fasting plasma glucose and total cholesterol decreased respectively by (1.42±0.52) mmHg (1 mmHg=0.133 kPa), (0.98 ± 0.34) mmHg, (0.66 ± 0.16) mmol/L, (0.15 ± 0.56) mmol/L,the differences were statistically significant (tpaired values were 3.935, 2.030, 4.889, 4.899, all P values<0.05). Conclusion The diabetes self-management program based on Chinese local patients for Nanjing may improve patients' awareness rate of diabetes-related knowledge, self-management behavior, the quality of life, and health status. CDSMP could be applied effectively in Nanjing.

Monoclonal antibody-targeted therapy has been a hot spot in current clinical cancer treatment. As current antibody drugs have large molecule sizes leading to poor tissue penetration, and high dosage in clinical application leading to high cost, to overcome the problems, the development of new antibody drugs with miniaturization and high potency has become a new trend. In recent years, the conjugates of monoclonal antibodies and cytotoxins, called antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs), have entered the arsenal of anti-cancer drugs, becoming a new format of antibody drugs and attracting extensive attentions. The ADC molecule usually consists of antibody, linker and effector molecule. According to different effector molecules, ADCs can be divided into three categories as chemo-conjugates, immunotoxins and radio-conjugates. When ADC molecules are internalized into cancer cells, cytotoxins will be released by chemical, enzyme degradation or by action of lysosomal proteases, then kill targeted cells by inhibiting protein synthesis, depolymerizing microtubules or breaking double-strand DNA. Recently, two ADC drugs have been approved by the US FDA and more ADC drug candidates are in clinical phase II or III trials which show significantly clinical effects and attracting much attention and competition of pharmaceutical enterprises. In this review, antibody conjugates in the past and present will be summarized and the future development trends and challenges of this type of antibody drugs will be discussed.

Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) belongs to the transmembrane glycoprotein receptor family. Overexpression of HER2 could directly lead to tumorigenesis and metastasis. This phenomenon could be observed in the breast cancer, ovarian cancer, gastric cancer, lung cancer and prostate cancer. Compared with the conventional chemotherapy, the targeted treatment of antibody is more specific and has lower side effects. This review describes the current status of monotherapy and combination therapies of anti-HER2 antibodies, trastuzumab and pertuzumab, with chemotherapeutic drugs. The development trends of new formats of anti-HER2 antibody drugs such as bispecific antibody, immunotoxin are also discussed.

Objective To compare proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) levels between premenopausal and postmenopausal women,and to investigate the relationship between serum PCSK9 and metabolic factors.Methods Totally 515 women were enrolled from the study on diabetes of prediction,prevention,and intervention in Nanjing in 2009.Survey,physical examinations,and determination of related metabolic indexes were performed.Serum PCSK9 level was measured by sandwich ELISA.Results Serum PCSK9 level was positively correlated with low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C),total cholesterol (TC),triglyceride,fasting plasma glucose,body mass index,waist-hip ratio,and age in women (all P＜0.01).PCSK9 level was significantly lower in premenopausal women than that in postmenopausal women [(58.18 ± 25.44 vs 80.91 ± 33.74) ng/ml,P ＜0.01].Conclusion Higher level of PCSK9 exists in postmenopausal women compared with premenopausal women.The level of PCSK9 is closely correlated with age,TC,and LDL-C.

TBX20 gene encodes a T - box transcription factor,which plays an important role in cardiac deve-lopment and in maintaining the maturation of cardiac function. TBX20 mutations are related to a variety of human con-genital heart diseases (CHD)that include atrial septal defect,ventricular septal defect,tetralogy of Fallot,double outlet right ventricle,dilated cardiomyopathy and other valvular diseases. This review focuses on the relationship between TBX20 gene and the development of heart,the TBX20 gene mutations newly found in patients with various CHD in re-cent years and their relationship,which will provide guide for further clinical research and possible intervention.

Objective: To characterize the gut microbial community structure of two-kidney-one-clip (2K1C) hypertensive rats, provide new evidences for prevention and treatment of hypertension. Methods: Adult male SD rats were divided into 2K1C hypertensive model group and sham operation group (n=8 each). Blood pressure was recorded by tail-cuff technique weekly for 4 weeks. Then, the total fecal DNA of rats in 2K1C model group and sham operation group were extracted. The structure and principal components of intestinal flora in 2K1C model rats and sham operated rats were analyzed using Hiseq3000 sequencing platform. Additionally, real time fluorescent quantitative polymerase chain reaction technology was used to detect the content of predominant bacteria, including Escherichia, Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus and Bacteroides. Results: Compared with sham operation group, significant reduction in the relative abundance of Firmicutes (31.72 (30.06, 32.18) vs. 40.99 (38.78, 44.41), U=0.00, P<0.05) and increase in Bacteroidetes (48.13(41.16,50.25) vs. 27.81(25.84,31.38),U=0.00, P<0.05) were observed in the fecal samples from model group. The relative abundance of Escherichia coli (0.08(0.07,0.11) vs. 0.07(0.06,0.08),U=12.50, P<0.05) was increased and the short chain fatty acid producing strains such as Coprococcus, Roseburia, Blautia, Clostridium and Bacteroides was reduced in 2K1C model group than in sham operation group (all P<0.05). Moreover, the relative abundance of Prevotella (Bacteroidetes) was also significantly higher in 2K1C model group than in sham operation group (18.14(17.78,18.75) vs.1.83(1.50,5.19), U=0.00, P<0.05). Moreover, the relative abundance of Ruminococcus (Firmicutes) was significant higher in 2K1C model group than in sham operation group (7.73(6.04,9.34) vs. 3.68(2.46,4.67),U=0.00, P<0.05). Principal coordinate analysis showed that there was significant difference in the gut microbial community structure between 2K1C model group and sham operation group. Conclusion There are significant changes in the gut microbial community structure in 2K1C model group as compared to sham operation group, indicating renovascular hypertension might affect gut microbial community structure in this rat model.

Objective: To investigate the association between health literacy (HL) and health related quality of life (HRQoL) among primary and middle school students in Nanjing,and to provide a reference for improving health literacy and health related quality of life among children. Methods: In this cross sectional study, by using a multi stage rondom duster sampling method,a total of 4 388 primary (4-6), junior (grades 7-9) and senior (grades 10-12) high school students were randomly selected in Nanjing during May and June of 2018. HRQoL was measured as continuous variable with the validated Chinese version of Child Health Utility 9D (CHU9D CHN); the relationship between health literacy level and HRQoL was examined using mixed effect linear regression models and reported as mean difference ( MD ) and 95% confidence interval( CI ). Results: There were 85.8% participants who obtained adequate health literacy level, while the mean score of CHU9D CHN was (0.78±0.17) for overall participants. After control for potential confounding factors and class level clustering effects, participants who self reported adequate HL recorded an increased HRQoL scores of 0.08 (95% CI =0.06-0.10) units relative to those self reporting inadequate HL. According to the stratified analysis of students gender, school type and place of residence, the results show that after adjusting the relevant confounding factors and the aggregation of class level, compared with the students without health literacy, the score of health related quality of life of those with health literacy increased significantly. Conclusion Health literacy of primary school students in Nanjing is positively related to health related life qualities.Therefore,there is a need to promote student s health related quality of life through health literacy.

Objective:To investigate the joint associations of smoking and insufficient physical activity with hypertension, diabetes and dyslipidemia in male adults.Methods:Based on the data from the 2017 Nanjing Chronic Diseases Risk Factors Surveillance Program, 61 098 Nanjing residents aged 18 and older was randomly recruited from 12 districts, using the multi-stage stratified cluster sampling method. Information about smoking behaviors, physical activity and chronic disease-related indicators within the first 12 months before the survey was obtained through questionnaires.Results:Among the 29 848 valid male samples, the proportions of non-smokers, current smokers and ex-smokers were 59.6%, 37.2% and 3.2%, and the proportions of those who had physically active<600 MET-min/w (insufficient physically active) and ≥600 MET-min/w (adequate physically active) were 18.8% and 82.2%, respectively. In non-smokers, current smokers and ex-smokers, the prevalence of hypertension was 24.7%, 34.0% and 43.8%, and the prevalence of diabetes was 8.8%, 12.3% and 16.5%, and the prevalence of dyslipidemia was 26.8%, 36.1% and 41.9%, respectively. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that current smokers had a higher risk of hypertension ( OR=1.164, 95% CI: 1.086-1.248), diabetes ( OR=1.324, 95% CI: 1.207-1.452), and dyslipidemia ( OR=1.291, 95% CI: 1.216-1.371) than non-smokers in male adults. Compared with people who had adequate physical activity, someone with insufficient physical activity had higher hypertension ( OR=1.452, 95% CI: 1.331-1.583), diabetes ( OR=1.170, 95% CI: 1.041-1.315) and dyslipidemia ( OR=1.245, 95% CI: 1.158-1.338). And current smokers with insufficient physical activity had the highest risk of hypertension ( OR=1.749, 95% CI: 1.550-1.974), diabetes ( OR=1.363, 95% CI: 1.165-1.595), and dyslipidemia ( OR=1.614, 95% CI: 1.461-1.782) in male adults. Conclusions:Smoking and insufficient physical activity are risk factors for hypertension, diabetes, and dyslipidemia. People who is characterized by smoking together with insufficient physical activity presents with increased risk on developing hypertension, diabetes, and dyslipidemia.