Aortic injure is a major contributor to the high morbidity and mortality of cardiovascular disease in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Cardiovascular events are the leading causes of death in patients with ESRD who underwent maintenance hemodialysis (MHD). Measuring arterial elasticity to assess the damage of large arteries is of particular importance. Pulse wave velocity (PWV) is a classic indicator of arterial stiffness that reflects early changes in arterial elasticity. PWV is also an independent predictor of cardiovascular death and all-cause mortality in ESRD patients. The advancements of different methods of pulse wave velocity measurement for evaluating carotid elasticity in patients treated with MHD were reviewed in this article.

Objective To establish the culture technology system for the in-vitro induction of adventitious buds of Sarcandra glabra(Thumb.) Nakai by investigating the induction factors of in-vitro adventitious buds.Methods Stem segments of Sarcandra glabra were cultured as explants.The effects of culture medium with different concentrations of 6-benzylaminopurine(6-BA) and indole butyric acid(IBA) added,lighting time,light intensity,and temperature on the induction of adventitious buds from the explants were observed.Results The medium containing both 6-BA and IBA was more effective to induce shoot formation of Sarcandra glabra than the medium only containing 6-BA or IBA;high concentration of plant hormones would block the growth of the plantlets.The scattering light or faint direct light was suitable for the shoot formation,while dark or strong light would induce the plantlets withered or even dead.Temperature in the range of 25 ℃～30 ℃ was beneficial for the growth of adventitious buds,and the bud induction rate arrived 100% at the temperature of 25 ℃.Conclusion At the temperature of 25 ℃,the faint sunlight or direct light less than 2000 lux,and the medium with 2.5 mg?L-1 6-BA and 0.1 mg?L-1 IBA added can stimulate significantly the adventitious bud formation of Sarcandra glabra,the induction rate up to 82.98%.

Objective To investigate the value of shear wave elastography (SWE) indirect evaluation on parotid function in Sjogren syndrome (SS) patients.Methods According to parotid function evaluated with scintigraphy,100 SS patients were divided into normal group,mild group,moderate group or severe group.SWE was performed in all the patients,and Young's modulus of parotid gland was obtained.The difference of Young's modulus among the four groups were compared,and the correlation between Young's modulus and paratid gland function were analyzed.ROC curve was used to evaluate the efficacy of Young's modulus in diagnosis of severe parotid function damage.Results The difference of Young's modulus among four groups was statistically significant (F=78.60,P＜0.001).Young's modulus increased with the damage severity of parotid function (rs =0.83,P＜0.001).Taking 38.38 kPa as threshold,the area under ROC curve of Young's modulus was 0.93 (P＜0.001) in diagnosis of severe parotid function damage and the sensitivity and specificity was 89.3％ and 84.7％,respectively.Conclusion SWE can indirect evaluate parotid function in SS patients,and is valuable in diagnosis and long-term follow-up of SS.

Objective: To provide empirical evidence on the effectiveness of comprehensive sexuality education (CSE) on sexual knowledge and sexual attitudes improvement among college students. Methods: Sexual knowledge and attitudes questionnaire survey was implemented among college students in Beijing, who later received the CSE for a full semester. Sexual knowledge and attitude were evaluated after intervention and were compared with control students. Results: The average score of sexual knowledge was low among college students in Beijing. Most students held neutral attitudes towards "AIDS community" and "masturbation behavior" and positive attitudes towards "LGBT"(58.85%, 68.75%, 61.98%). Compared with the control group, after one semester of CSE curriculum intervention, the average scores of the five dimensions on sexual knowledge in the intervention group was significantly improved(11.79±1.16, 9.36±1.23, 4.84±0.88, 4.91±1.00, 5.35±1.03)(t=11.25, 15.74, 10.37, 5.59, 8.17, P<0.01), and the attitudes towards "sexual minorities", "AIDS communities" and "masturbation behavior" were also significantly improved(30.59±3.91, 17.70±3.41, 10.12±2.17)(t=5.16, 5.83, 2.97, P<0.01). Conclusion College students’ knowledge of sexuality is not optimistic. The attention to proper sexual attitudes is in great need. Systematic and comprehensive sexuality education curriculum could improve college students’ sexual knowledge and attitudes.

Objective To asses the value of shear wave elastorgraphy(SWE)in the diagnosis of salivary gland manifestation in sjogren syndrome.Methods Seventy-nine patients with suspected diagnosis of Sjogren syn-drome and thirty healthy volunteers were enrolled. aned divided to the SS group,non-SS group and healthy group accoroding to the 2002 American-European Consensus Group.The bilateral parotid and submandibular gland of all patients were examined with shear wave Elastography,then the mean Young's modulus(YM)of bilateral gland were obtained. The differences of Emean between all groups were compared. Receiver operating characteristic curve(ROC)was drawn to evaluate the best cut-off value in diagnosis of Sjogren syndrome. Results The differ-ences of YM between the two sides of parotid gland and submaxillary gland were not statistically significant(P >0.05).On ROC curve,the areas under the curve(AUC),threshold,sensitivity,specificity of the mean YM value in Parotid and Submaxillary gland were 0.921 and 0.916(P<0.05),18.30 and 16.57(kPa),71.7%and 86.8%, 94.4% and 78.5%,respectively. Conclusion The mean YM value of Parotid and Submaxillary gland of Sjogren syndrome can quantitatively assess the gland's elasticity.SWE can provide clincal evidence for diagnosis of sjogren syndrome.

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the collateral flow in patients with ischemic stroke due to acute basilar artery occlusion by dynamic CT angiography and to predict the outcome after reperfusion therapy.

METHODSForty-five patients with stroke due to acute basilar artery occlusion undergoing reperfusion treatment in the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine during January 2012 and August 2016 were retrospectively reviewed. Univariate and binary logistic regression model were used to identify the independent predictors of patient's outcome, and the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to determine the optimal threshold of the posterior circulation collateral score (PC-CS) in predicting the prognosis of the patients.

RESULTSBinary logistic regression analysis indicated that the baseline National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score (=0.886, 95%:0.802-0.979,<0.05) and PC-CS (=1.962, 95%:1.026-3.752,<0.05) were independent predictors of patient's outcome, and PC-CS 4.5 was the optimal threshold (AUC:0.837, sensitivity of 68.2%, specificity of 87.0%).

CONCLUSIONSDynamic CT angiography based on CT perfusion imaging can be used to evaluate collaterals in posterior circulation, and to predict clinical outcome after reperfusion therapy in patients with acute basilar artery occlusion.