Objective: To analyze the association of mother-child interaction and screen exposure of preschool children with psychological and behavioural problems, so as to provide guidance for promoting the psychological development of preschool children. Methods: From November to December 2024, a convenience cluster sampling method was used to survey 2 977 mothers of preschool children in Daguan and Yingjiang districts of Anqing City. The Chinese Parent-Child Interaction Scale (CPCIS) was applied to evaluate the quality of mother-child interaction, and the Conners Parent Symptom Questionnaire (PSQ) was used to assess the psychological and behavioral problems of preschool children. Binary Logistic regression was applied to analyze the association of mother-child interaction, screen exposure and their combined effect on psychological and behavioral problems among preschool children. Results: The detection rate of psychological and behavioral problems among preschool children was 13.9%. Binary Logistic regression results showed that low scores of mother-child interaction ( OR=2.31, 95%CI =1.72-3.11) and high screen exposure ( OR= 1.52 , 95%CI =1.23-1.88) were higher risks for psychological and behavioral problems in preschool children; the results of the combined effect showed that preschool children in low scores of mother-child interaction and low screen exposure group ( OR=2.18, 95%CI =1.46-3.28), low scores of mother-child interaction and high screen exposure group ( OR=3.13, 95%CI =2.10- 4.65 ) had significantly higher risks of abnormal detection in psychological and behavioral problems, compared to those in the high scores of mother-child interaction and low screen exposure group respectively (all P <0.05). Conclusions Both screen exposure and mother- child interaction are associated with psychological and behavioral problems in preschool children. High quality mother-child interaction can relieve the adverse effects of screen exposure on preschool children s psychological and behavioral development.

Objective:To investigate the effect of ginsenoside octanoate(Rh2-O)on inducing immunogenic cell death in hepa-tocellular carcinoma cells and its molecular mechanism.Methods:Effects of ginsenoside caprylate(Rh2-O)and autophagy inhibitor 3-MA on the activity of hepatocellular carcinoma cells were detected by CCK-8 assay.The effect of Rh2-O on CRT membrane eversion in Hepa1-6 cells were detected by immunofluorescence assay.Rh2-O treated mouse hepatocellular carcinoma cells were used to pre-pare a tumor vaccine for in vivo vaccination experiments in mice.Extracellular ATP levels were detected in real-time.The expression of autophagy-related genes and proteins were measured by real-time fluorescence PCR and Western blot,and the mitochondrial morphol-ogy and co-localization with autophagy proteins were observed by laser confocal microscopy.Results:Rh2-O showed strong cytotoxicity to Hepa1-6 cells[cell viability:(58.54±3.56)%]at a concentration of 150 μmol/L,and a large amount of CRT was observed on the surface of the cell membrane.The tumor emergence rate was 36.36%in the vaccinated group and 100%in the control group.The tumor vaccine prepared by Rh2-O effectively protected mice from the same type of tumor attack;Rh2-O induced an increase in the level of cellular secreted ATP(P<0.05),the mRNA of autophagy-related genes ATG3,p62,LC3 expression levels and autophagy-associated proteins LC3A and LC3B expression levels were increased(P<0.05),and co-localization of mitochondria with autophagy proteins was significantly increased(P<0.05).In addition,Rh2-O action on 3-MA pretreated hepatocellular carcinoma cells resulted in a signifi-cant decrease in extracellular ATP levels(P<0.001).Conclusion:Rh2-O may induce immunogenic cell death by inducing autophagy in hepatocellular carcinoma cells.

Objective To provide ideas and reference for the anti-infective drug treatment and pharmaceutical care of brain abscess caused by Nocardia brasiliensis.Methods Clinical pharmacists participated in the treatment of a patient with brain abscess caused by Nocardia brasiliensis.According to the patient's medical history,clinical symptoms,and test results,clinical pharmacists refer to the guidelines assisted physician to formulate the anti-infection treatment scheme of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole(SMZ-TMP)combined with imipenem/cilastatin and amikacin,and the pharmaceutical care.The dosage of amikacin was adjusted through therapeutic drug monitoring(TDM),and promptly identified adverse reactions such as myelosuppression caused by linezolid and SMZ-TMP.Results The physician adopted the pharmacist's suggestion,and the patient was discharged after treatment.Conclusion The anti-infection regimen for brain abscess caused by Nocardia brasiliensis depends on the drug sensitivity data of Nocardia,the severity of infection,the immune state of the host,and the PK/PD characteristics and adverse reactions of antibiotics.By participating in the pharmaceutical care of brain abscess caused by Nocardia brasiliensis,clinical pharmacists assisted physicians in optimizing drug treatment plans,ensuring the safety and effectiveness of clinical medication.

Objective:To investigate the application and effect of a competency-oriented teaching model in standardized nutritional diagnosis and treatment training for clinical physicians.Methods:A blended teaching method combining online and offline lectures was used to teach core knowledge and skills of clinical nutrition among clinical physicians by implementing a step-by-step "popularization-strengthening-deepening" strategy. The number of nutritional consultations, the improvement in nutritional diagnosis and treatment among clinical physicians, and the degree of satisfaction after training were used as assessment indices.Results:Compared with the data in 2021, the number of annual nutritional consultations was increased by 21.41% in 2022 and 53.18% in 2023. A total of 281 clinical physicians received online deepening course training, among whom 237 (84.34%) completed the online clinical nutrition knowledge test, with a mean score of (86.17±5.48) points and a pass rate of 81.86% (194/237). The online training received a satisfaction rate of 80.39%.Conclusions:The training program designed with competency-based objectives, systematic content, and diverse methodologies can significantly enhance the standardized thinking and capabilities of clinical physicians in nutritional diagnosis and treatment.

Objective To provide ideas and reference for the anti-infective drug treatment and pharmaceutical care of brain abscess caused by Nocardia brasiliensis.Methods Clinical pharmacists participated in the treatment of a patient with brain abscess caused by Nocardia brasiliensis.According to the patient's medical history,clinical symptoms,and test results,clinical pharmacists refer to the guidelines assisted physician to formulate the anti-infection treatment scheme of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole(SMZ-TMP)combined with imipenem/cilastatin and amikacin,and the pharmaceutical care.The dosage of amikacin was adjusted through therapeutic drug monitoring(TDM),and promptly identified adverse reactions such as myelosuppression caused by linezolid and SMZ-TMP.Results The physician adopted the pharmacist's suggestion,and the patient was discharged after treatment.Conclusion The anti-infection regimen for brain abscess caused by Nocardia brasiliensis depends on the drug sensitivity data of Nocardia,the severity of infection,the immune state of the host,and the PK/PD characteristics and adverse reactions of antibiotics.By participating in the pharmaceutical care of brain abscess caused by Nocardia brasiliensis,clinical pharmacists assisted physicians in optimizing drug treatment plans,ensuring the safety and effectiveness of clinical medication.

Objective:To investigate the effect of ginsenoside octanoate(Rh2-O)on inducing immunogenic cell death in hepa-tocellular carcinoma cells and its molecular mechanism.Methods:Effects of ginsenoside caprylate(Rh2-O)and autophagy inhibitor 3-MA on the activity of hepatocellular carcinoma cells were detected by CCK-8 assay.The effect of Rh2-O on CRT membrane eversion in Hepa1-6 cells were detected by immunofluorescence assay.Rh2-O treated mouse hepatocellular carcinoma cells were used to pre-pare a tumor vaccine for in vivo vaccination experiments in mice.Extracellular ATP levels were detected in real-time.The expression of autophagy-related genes and proteins were measured by real-time fluorescence PCR and Western blot,and the mitochondrial morphol-ogy and co-localization with autophagy proteins were observed by laser confocal microscopy.Results:Rh2-O showed strong cytotoxicity to Hepa1-6 cells[cell viability:(58.54±3.56)%]at a concentration of 150 μmol/L,and a large amount of CRT was observed on the surface of the cell membrane.The tumor emergence rate was 36.36%in the vaccinated group and 100%in the control group.The tumor vaccine prepared by Rh2-O effectively protected mice from the same type of tumor attack;Rh2-O induced an increase in the level of cellular secreted ATP(P<0.05),the mRNA of autophagy-related genes ATG3,p62,LC3 expression levels and autophagy-associated proteins LC3A and LC3B expression levels were increased(P<0.05),and co-localization of mitochondria with autophagy proteins was significantly increased(P<0.05).In addition,Rh2-O action on 3-MA pretreated hepatocellular carcinoma cells resulted in a signifi-cant decrease in extracellular ATP levels(P<0.001).Conclusion:Rh2-O may induce immunogenic cell death by inducing autophagy in hepatocellular carcinoma cells.

Objective:To investigate the application and effect of a competency-oriented teaching model in standardized nutritional diagnosis and treatment training for clinical physicians.Methods:A blended teaching method combining online and offline lectures was used to teach core knowledge and skills of clinical nutrition among clinical physicians by implementing a step-by-step "popularization-strengthening-deepening" strategy. The number of nutritional consultations, the improvement in nutritional diagnosis and treatment among clinical physicians, and the degree of satisfaction after training were used as assessment indices.Results:Compared with the data in 2021, the number of annual nutritional consultations was increased by 21.41% in 2022 and 53.18% in 2023. A total of 281 clinical physicians received online deepening course training, among whom 237 (84.34%) completed the online clinical nutrition knowledge test, with a mean score of (86.17±5.48) points and a pass rate of 81.86% (194/237). The online training received a satisfaction rate of 80.39%.Conclusions:The training program designed with competency-based objectives, systematic content, and diverse methodologies can significantly enhance the standardized thinking and capabilities of clinical physicians in nutritional diagnosis and treatment.

Objective:To investigate whether octyl ester derivative of ginsenoside Rh2(Rh2-O)can induce immunogenic cell death of Huh-7 hepatocellular carcinoma cells and possible mechanism.Methods:Huh-7 cells were cultured in vitro,and divided into control group,Rh2-O group,positive control group(mitoxantrone treatment).Viability and apoptosis of cells were detected by CCK-8 and flow cytometry,respectively.Concentrations of high mobility family protein 1(HMGB1)and adenosine triphosphate(ATP)in supernatant were detected by ELISA and chemiluminescence assay,respectively.Membrane eversion of calreticulin(CRT)was detected by immunofluorescence assay.ROS level in cells was detected by fluorescence probe DCFH-DA,and expressions of proteins associated with endoplasmic reticulum stress signaling pathway were detected by Western blot.Results:Rh2-O treatment significantly reduced cell viability,promoted apoptosis,induced secretion of HMGB1,ATP,membrane eversion of CRT,increased accumulation of ROS in cells,and enhanced expressions of endoplasmic reticulum stress-related proteins PERK,eIF2α,p-eIF2α(all P<0.05).After addition of endoplasmic reticulum stress inhibitor 4-phenylbutyric acid(4-PBA),membrane eversion of CRT induced by Rh2-O was significantly inhibited(P<0.05).Conclusion:Rh2-O can induce immunogenic cell death in hepatocellular carcinoma cells,whose mechanism may be associated with activation of endoplasmic reticulum stress and promotion of CRT membrane eversion.

The density and composition of lymphocytes infiltrating colon tumors serve as predictive factors for the clinical outcome of colon cancer.Our previous studies highlighted the potent anti-cancer properties of the principal compounds found in Garcinia yunnanensis(YTE-17),attributing these effects to the regu-lation of multiple signaling pathways.However,knowledge regarding the mechanism and effect of YTE-17 in the prevention of colorectal cancer is limited.In this study,we conducted isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantification(iTRAQ)analysis on intestinal epithelial cells(IECs)exposed YTE-17,both in vitro and in vivo,revealing a significant inhibition of the Wnt family member 5a(Wnt5a)/c-Jun N-terminal kinase(JNK)signaling pathway.Subsequently,we elucidated the influence and mechanism of YTE-17 on the tumor microenvironment(TME),specifically focusing on macrophage-mediated T helper 17(Th17)cell induction in a colitis-associated cancer(CAC)model with Wnt5a deletion.Additionally,we performed the single-cell RNA sequencing(scRNA-seq)on the colonic tissue from the Wnt5a-deleted CAC model to characterize the composition,lineage,and functional status of immune mesenchymal cells during different stages of colorectal cancer(CRC)progression.Remarkably,our findings demon-strate a significant reduction in M2 macrophage polarization and Th17 cell phenotype upon treatment with YTE-17,leading to the restoration of regulatory T(Treg)/Th17 cell balance in azoxymethane(AOM)/dextran sodium sulfate(DSS)model.Furthermore,we also confirmed that YTE-17 effectively inhibited the glycolysis of Th17 cells in both direct and indirect co-culture systems with M2 macrophages.Notably,our study shed light on potential mechanisms linking the non-canonical Wnt5a/JNK signaling pathway and well-established canonical β-catenin oncogenic pathway in vivo.Specifically,we proposed that Wnt5a/JNK signaling activity in IECs promotes the development of cancer stem cells with β-catenin activity within the TME,involving macrophages and T cells.In summary,our study undergoes the po-tential of YTE-17 as a preventive strategy against CRC development by addressing the imbalance with the immune microenvironment,thereby mitigating the risk of malignancies.

In 2022,breast cancer ranks the first in incidence among all malignant tumors worldwide,and it's high recurrence and fatality rate has posed serious threat to human life and health.Triple negative breast cancer(TNBC)is known for its poor prognosis among all types of breast cancer,and is often associated with elevated expression of epidermal growth factor receptor(EGFR).EGFR is widely expressed on the surface of various cells.The signaling pathway mediated by EGFR is mainly involved in cell growth,proliferation and differentiation.EGFR overexpression is often closely related to tumor invasion,metastasis and prognosis.Therefore,elucidating the roles of EGFR in TNBC and developing prevention and treatment strategies correspondingly are helpful to prevent and control the occurrence of breast cancer,and improve patients'quality of life.This review summarizes the research progress in the roles of EGFR,the treatment strategies and drug resistance in TNBC,in order to provide more refence for treating and improving the prognosis of breast cancer.