Objective:To investigate the effects of Penehyclidinehydrochloride(PHCD) on endotoxin-induced cerebral edema.Methods:one handred and five S-D male rats(200～220g)were randomly divided into 5 groups(n=21):groupC control;groupL LPS;group DL,DM and DH received intraperitoneal PHCD 0.05,0.15 or 0.45mg/kg 10min before lipopolysaccharide(LPS) administration.Cerebral edema was induced by internal carotid arterial LPS 150?g.Seven animals each group were decapitated at 4、6 and 12h after operation and their brains were immediately removed for determination of water content of brain and microscopic examination.Results:Administration of LPS caused severe brain damage and significantly increased water content of the brain.The LPS-induced changes were mitigated by pretreatment with different doses of PHCD in groupDM and DH,but there was no significant difference between the two groups.Conclusion:Pretreatment with PHCD can attenuate LPS-induced cerebral edema.

Objective:To study the factors affecting amplified fragment length polymorphism(AFLP) of Carthamus tinctorins L.genome,and to develop and optimize the AFLP reaction system,laying a foundation for Marker-assisted breeding of Carthamus tinctorins L..Methods: Cetyl-trimethyl-ammonium-bromide(CTAB) method was used to extract the genomic DNA of Carthamus tinctorins L.,whose concentration and purity were determined by UV spectrophotometry.The genomic DNA was digested by restricted enzyme and ligated with one-step method or two-step method so as to find out which one is more suitable.Then the products were prepared with different dilution multiples(5,10,15,20,25 and 30) for pre-amplification and with different concentrations of gradients(10,25,50,75,100,150 and 200)for selected amplification.Then they were subjected to PAGE electrophoresis and silver-staining after denaturing at 95℃ for 8 min.Results: The AFLP reaction system for Carthamus tinctorins L.genome included the following steps: the genomic DNA was precipitated with alcohol by CTAB method to avoid contamination by any inhibitors;the DNA was completely digested by MseⅠ and EcoRⅠ at 37℃ for 3 hours.Two-step method was superior to one-step method in this AFLP system.The digestion time was 3 hours at 37℃ and ligated at 16℃ over night,with Buffer 2(NEB Company) as the specific buffer.Furthermore,the optimal dilution was 25 folds for pre-amplification and 75 folds for selected amplification. In this reaction system,the strips in PAGE electrophoresis were clear and less decomposed.Conclusion: The AFLP reaction system in this experiment is suitable for silver-stained AFLP of Carthamus tinctorins L.analysis.

Sulfur dioxide has been considered as a toxic gas.However,recently more and more studies have shown that sulfur dioxide can be generated endogenously in cardiovascular system and has broad physiologic effects.Studies demonstrate that sulfur dioxide plays an important role in the regulation in the pathophysiologic process of many cardiovascular diseases,such as hypertension,atherosclerosis.These findings suggest that sulfur dioxide might be a novel endogenous gaseous signaling molecule involved in the regulation of cardiovascular functions.

The incidence of bronchial asthma in children is increasing nowadays.More and more studies have showed that epigenetics plays an important role in the pathogenesis of asthma.One of them are histone modification(acetylation and deacetylation),which is catalyzed by histone acetyltransferase (HAT) and histone deacetylase (HDAC).HAT and HDAC can mediate asthma via causing Th1/Th2 imbalance,increased airway hyperresponsiveness,regulation of various inflammatory medium and so on.This paper reviews the HAT and HDAC mediated incidence of asthma and other possible mechanisms,the latest of glucocorticoid in the treatment of children with asthma epigenetic mechanisms.

1,25(OH) 2 vitamin D 3 is the most effective status of vitamin D in the body.It will play a biological active role when it combines with the receptor of vitamin D. It is common in the chronic kidney disease patients who are lack of vitamin D. The research finds that among the chronic kidney disease patients, in addition to the classic role of vitamin D in regulating calcium and phosphorus metabolism, it can also protect the kidney and delay the progress of chronic kidney disease by blocking the renin-angiotensin system, inhibiting inflammation, reducing podocyte damage and delaying renal fibrosis, etc.This article summarizes the protection mechanism of Vitamin D in the chronic kidney diseases.

Objective To investigate the hemodynamic characteristics of superior thyroid artery and its corresponding clinical significance with patients of Graves'hyperthyroidism.Methods Thirty patients with Graves'hyperthyroidism received Doppler ultrasonography.Patients were grouped with different serologic indices at 4 month after radioiodine therapy as relief(R),uncured(U)and hypothyroidism(H).The relationships between thyroid volume(V),superior thyroid artery peak systolic velocity(PSV),end diastolic velocity(EDV),RI,PI and systolic accelerating time(SAT)and the 4-month outcome were analyzed respectively.Results Besides the effect of 24 h-131I uptake rate on patients'short-term outcome,V,PSV and RI were of predominate prognosis value(P＜0.01).PSV and V of group R were positively correlated with 131I dose respectively(r1=0.825,r2=0.697;P＜0.001),while SAT of group R was negatively correlated with 131I dose(r=-0.489,P＜0.05).Conclusions Patients with high V,PSV and RI maybe still suffering hyperthyroidism after regular dosage of 131I therapy.Doses of 131I should be added appropriately for patients with high PSV and V,but short SAT to achieve complete remission,while it should be reduced for patients in opposite condition to avoid occurrence of hypothyroidism.

OBJECTIVE:To study the effects of different extraction methods on the content of cholalic acid from Artificial Bezoar. METHODS: Artificial Bezoar from 3 different habitats was used to extract cholalic acid by hydrolization vs. hydrolization-free method, and the content of cholalic acid was determined by HPLC-ELSD(high performance liquid chromatography with evaporative light scattering detection). RESULTS: The content of cholalic acid in the hydrolyzed sample was higher than that in the non-hydrolyzed sample of the same batch. CONCLUSION: Through hydrolization, the binding cholalic acid in the artificial bezoar was transformed into free cholalic acid so that the content of cholalic acid was increased. Therefore, it is more reasonable to control the quality of Artificial Bezoar by taking the contents of total cholalic acid and free cholalic acid as indexes.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the characteristics of adverse drug reaction (ADR) induced by Levofloxacin (LVFX) injection and to promote rational use of drugs in the clinic. METHODS: 137 LVFX injection-induced ADR cases reported in our hospital during 2006～2009 were collected and analyzed statistically with Excel in respect of age, gender, medication and clinical manifestation, etc. RESULTS: ADR cases occurred nearly in all ages of people, and 32.85% were appeared in people over 60 years. Main clinical manifestations were lesion of skin and its appedants (62.04%) and gastrointestinal injury (16.06%). Most of them were mild and medium ADR. CONCLUSION: Great importance should be attached to the rational use of LVFX injection and ADR monitoring to guarantee the safety of patients.

BACKGROUND: Intra-oral, extra-oral, and combination of intraoral and extra-oral incisions often use in mandibular angle contouring surgery. Minimally invasive incision at auriculocephalic sulcus in mandibular angle osteotomy is a new approach, but its report is rare. OBJECTIVE: To observe the anatomical structure of the mandibular angle and its related blood vessels and nerves, and to provide the anatomical basis for the minimally invasive incision at auriculocephalic sulcus in mandibular angle osteotomy. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING: A single sample observational experiment was performed at Department of Anatomy in the Second Military Medical University from February to May in 2008. MATERIALS: A total of 15 adult skull specimens (30 laterals), including 11 female and 4 male, and 15 adult mandible (30 laterals) were used in the experiment. METHODS: Anatomical study was performed on 30 laterals of 15 skull specimens, observing distributions and arrangement of blood vessels and nerves as well as their position relation with mandibular angle. After sawing the mandible bones along mark lines, the distances from the mental foramen, mandibular foramen, and each section of mandibular canal to the edge, internal wall and external wall of the mandible bone were measured. The results were expressed as Mean?SD. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The anatomical level, blood vessels, nerves and mandibular canals of mandibular angle region were observed. RESULTS: The distances from great auricular nerve, external jugular vein, cervical branch of facial nerve, facial artery and facial vein to the mandibular angle were (19.48?6.45), (13.84?3.78), (9.58?3.05), (22.62?7.16) and (20.08?6.45) mm, respectively. The distance from the location of marginal mandibular branch of facial nerve running out of the parotid gland to the mandibular angle was (7.79?2.57) mm. The distance from the location of mandibular canal at outer margin of third molar to the mandibular angle was (16.97?2.24) mm. CONCLUSION: The anatomical structure of the mandibular angle region is complex, and there are many important blood vessels and nerves. Minimally invasive incision at auriculocephalic sulcus is relatively safe in anatomy.