Objective To construct a scientific and feasible evaluation indicator system of health education effect of our country′s hospitalized patients with diabetes. Methods On the basis of literature review and semi-structured interview combined with group discussion, alternative index system were determined,and then the Delphi method were used for two round consultation with 30 diabetes experts to finally determine indicator evaluation system. Results Positive coefficient of the two rounds consultation were 86.7% (26/30) and 100.0% (26/26) respectively, experts′ authority coefficient was 0.889,and the Kendall W coefficients of concordance were 0.447,0.369 and 0.302 respectively (P<0.01). The evaluation indicator system of health education effect was consisted of 6 fisrt-level indicators, 24 second-level indicators and 55 third-level indicators. Conclusions The evaluation indicator system of health education effect is reliable and scientific, which can provide objective and quantitative standards for health education effect of hospitalized patients with diabetes in our country.

Objective To determine whether autologous skeletal myoblasts implantation improves the cardiac function after myocardial infarction and the possible mechanism. Methods Myocardial infarction was induced by ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery in rabbits. At 2 weeks, 1. 34 × 107 to 1.75 × 107 autologous skeletal myoblasts were infused into the lesion via direct intramuscular injection. In the control group, the postinfarction hearts were infused with medium alone. Buxco invasive cardiac function testing and histopathological examination were utilized to evaluate the functional and structural changes in the myocardium 4 weeks later. Results Both maximum rising rate of the left intraventricular pressure [+dp/dtmax,( 1 217.77 +89.91 )mmHg/s vs. (897.83 ±70.04) mmHg/s] and maximum falling rate of the left intraventricular pressure [- dp/dtmax,( -1174.58 ± 91.5 ) mmHg/s vs. ( - 753.67 ± 69.66 ) mmHg/s] were improved in the myoblast transplanted group compared with medium infusion group. The positive desmin immunostaining skeletal myofibers in the myocardium were found throughout the infracted areas and the border zone. Conclusion Autologous skeletal myoblasts can establish muscle tissue when transplanted into postinfarction hearts, and this mucle can treat myocardiac infarction effectively.

Objective To investigate the clinical features of young female patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) who were referred to Peking Union Medical College Hospital. Methods A total of 24 consecutive AMI female patients (age≤44 years) who underwent coronary angiography were retrospectively retrieved from the database, and 70 AMI patients whose age ≥ 65 years and who also underwent coronary angiography were enrolled as a control (elderly) group. Clinical features were compared between the two groups. Results Of the 24 young female AMI patients, MI from non-atherosclerosis was identiifed in 9 patients (non-ATS group). Compared to the remaining 15 young female AMI patients (ATS-group), non-ATS group was younger (P<0.05), with lower BMI (P<0.05) and less traditional risk factors of coronary heart disease (P<0.05). Coronary angiography showed more normal artery (P<0.05) and lesions on left main (P<0.05). However, when compared to the elderly group, the young female ATS-group was associated with less hypertension (P<0.01), smoking (P<0.05), traditional risk factors (P<0.01) and lower level of blood pressure (P<0.05), fasting glucose (P<0.05), serum creatine (P<0.01), TC (P<0.05), and LDL-C (P<0.01) at admission. Coronary angiography showed single vessel disease was the most common lesion. Conclusions Acute myocardial infarction in young female might be caused by non-atherosclerosis. Those due to atherosclerosis differ in coronary risk factors and angiographic features from the elderly female AMI patients.

Objective:To explore the changes of NK and NKT cells and the expression levels of their activated, inhibitory receptors in the peripheral blood of patients with newly diagnosed rheumatoid arthritis ( RA), and to reveal the potiential role of NK and NKT cells played in the pathogenesis of RA.Methods:32 patients with new onset RA and 15 healthy controls were recruited.Activated and inhibitory NK and NKT cells in peripheral blood were quantified by flow cytometry.The frequency of spontaneous and stimulated IFN-γ+NK and NKT cells and CD107aγ+NK cells were examined.Finally,the potential relationship between the frequency of NK and NKT cells subsets and clinical indexes were analyzed.Results:The frequencies of NK cells in peripheral blood in RA patients were sig-nificantly lower than those in the controls ( P=0.026 ).The frequencies of NKG2D+, NKP46+activated NK cells and NKG2C+, NKG2D+,NKP46+activated NKT cells in RA patients were significantly higher than those in the controls (P=0.011,P=0.010,and P<0.001,P=0.032,P=0.001,respectively),whereas the frequencies of KIR2DL3+,KIR3DL1+and NKG2A+inhibitory NK cells and KIR2DL3+,NKG2A+inhibitory NKT cells in RA patients were significantly lower (P=0.002,P=0.002,P=0.014,and P=0.027,P=0.002,respectively).Moreover, the frequencies of stimulated IFN-γ+NK cells and IFN-γ+NKT cells, spontaneous and stimulated CD107 aγ+NK cells in RA patients were significantly higher than that in the controls ( P=0.037, P=0.004 and P=0.001, P=0.001, respectively).Furthermore,the frequencies of NK cells,NKG2Aγ+and KIR2DL3γ+inhibitory NK cells were correlated significantly with the values of DAS28 in RA patients (r=0.357,P=0.045;r=0.399,P=0.024;r=0.468,P=0.021,respectively).Conclusion:Lower frequencies of NK cells, higher frequencies of activated NK cells and activated NKT cells, lower frequencies of inhibitory NK cells and inhibitory NKT cells, and higher NK cell activity may induce the autoimmune reaction involved in the pathogenesis of RA.

Objective To investigate the radiosensitising effect of recombinant human endostatin (endostar) on human lung squamous cancer cell line H-520 in vitro and its mechanism. Methods H-520 cells in exponential growing phase were treated with endostar alone, irradiation alone, or endostar plus irra-diation. Colony-forming assay was used to investigate the cytotoxicity and radiosensitising effects of endostar. Cell survival fractions of all groups were calculated and cell survival curves were fitted by single-hit multi-tar-get model. Cell apoptosis, cell cycle distribution and activated Caspase expression level were investigated by flow cytometry. Results The D0, Dq, D10 and SF2 values of combined treatment group were much lower than those of irradiation alone group. The sensitization enhancement ratio (SER) was 1.50 (ratio of D0 values). Endnstar induced H-520 cell apoptosis in a dose dependant manner. After administration of endostar, H-520 cell proliferation was inhibited, and cell apoptosis rate and apoptotic bodies were increased. After irradiation of 0 Gy, 2 Gy, 4 Gy and 8 Gy, the apoptosis rate of H-520 cells was 4.27% ±0.29%, 14.3% ±1.15%, 28.49% ± 1.58% and 54.79% ± 1.89% in the radiotherapy alone group, and 22.38% ± 1.61%, 35.01% ±1.16%, 46.83%±2.06% and 64.08%±4.28% in the combined treatment group, respective-ly. The difference between the two groups was significant (t = 19.17, 17.79, 25.64 and 3.44,all P < 0.05 ). Flow cytometric analysis showed that cell cycle distribution changed and G0 + G1 phase arrest oc-curred after endostar treatment, while irradiation induced G2 + M arrest. The expression level of activated Caspase in combination group (62.7% ±1.9% ) was higher compared to the control group ( 12.1%± 0. 1% ) , endostar alone group ( 54.6% ±1.0% ) and irradiation alone group ( 34.1%±1.2% ) ( t = 46.69, 6.55 and 22.54 ; all P < 0.05 ). Conclusion Endostar can enhance the radiosensitivity of H-520 ceils by inhibiting cell proliferation, promoting cell apoptosis and facilitating cell cycle redistribution.

Apoptosis has been considered as the only form of regulated cell death for a long time. However, a novel form of programmed cell death called necroptosis was recently reported. The process of necroptosis is regulated and plays a critical role in the occurrence and development of multiple human diseases. Thus, the study on the molecular mechanism of necroptosis and its effective inhibitors has been an attractive field for researchers. Herein, we introduce the molecular mechanism of necroptosis and focus on the literature about necroptosis drug screening in recent years. In addition, the identification of the critical drug targets of the necroptosis is also discussed.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the improvements of post-infarction heart function after transplantation of autologous skeletal myoblasts transfected with VEGF165 in rabbits. METHODS: Myocardium infarction was induced in rabbits by left anterior descending coronary artery ligation. At 2 weeks, 1.75×10(7) autologous skeletal myoblasts transfected with pcDNA3.1-VEGF165 were infused into the region of MI via direct intramuscular injection; pcDNA3.1 served as a control. RESULTS: The DAPI-labeled and Desmin-positive immunostained skeletal myofibers were found throughout the infracted areas and border zones, and the density of blood capillary in the MI region transplanted by myoblasts with VEGF165 was increased (measured 4 weeks later and compared with controls). Heart function was examined by the Buxco system and demonstrated that maximum dp/dt [(1607.23±102.67) mmHg/s vs (1217.77±89.91) mmHg/s] and minimum dp/dt [(-1535.09 ± 81.34) mmHg/s vs (1174.58 ± 91.5) mmHg/s] were improved in the heart transplanted with the transfected myoblasts(P<0.05). CONCLUSION Autologous skeletal myoblasts transfected with VEGF165 could ameliorate the blood supply in the MI region, and aid recovery of heart function more quickly in post-infarction hearts. This suggests an effective treatment for myocardium infarction.
Animals ; Female ; Myoblasts, Skeletal ; metabolism ; transplantation ; Myocardial Infarction ; physiopathology ; therapy ; Rabbits ; Recovery of Function ; Transfection ; Transplantation, Autologous ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A ; genetics ; metabolism ; Ventricular Function, Left ; physiology

Background: Currently available guidelines contain conflicting recommendations on the management of blood pressure (BP) in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM). Therefore, it is necessary to appraise the guidelines and summarize the agreements and differences among recommendations. Methods: Four databases and the websites of guideline organizations were searched for guidelines regarding BP targets and thresholds for pharmacologic therapy in DM patients, and the included guidelines were appraised with the Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation (AGREE) II instrument. Results: In 6,498 records identified, 20 guidelines met our inclusion criteria with 64.0% AGREE II scores (interquartile range, 48.5% to 72.0%). The scores of the European and American guidelines were superior to those of the Asian guidelines (both adjusted P<0.001). Most of the guidelines advocated systolic BP targets <130 mm Hg (12 guidelines, 60%) and diastolic BP targets <80 mm Hg (14 guidelines, 70%) in DM patients. Approximately half of the guidelines supported systolic BP thresholds >140 mm Hg (10 guidelines, 50%) and diastolic BP thresholds >90 mm Hg (nine guidelines, 45%). The tiny minority of the guidelines provided the relevant recommendations regarding the lower limit of official BP targets and the ambulatory BP monitoring (ABPM)/home BP monitoring (HBPM) targets and thresholds in DM patients. Conclusion The lower official BP targets (<130/80 mm Hg) in patients with DM are advocated by most of the guidelines, but they contain conflicting recommendations on the official BP thresholds. Moreover, the gaps regarding the lower limit of official BP targets and the ABPM/HBPM targets and thresholds need to be considered by future study.

Background: Currently available guidelines contain conflicting recommendations on the management of blood pressure (BP) in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM). Therefore, it is necessary to appraise the guidelines and summarize the agreements and differences among recommendations. Methods: Four databases and the websites of guideline organizations were searched for guidelines regarding BP targets and thresholds for pharmacologic therapy in DM patients, and the included guidelines were appraised with the Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation (AGREE) II instrument. Results: In 6,498 records identified, 20 guidelines met our inclusion criteria with 64.0% AGREE II scores (interquartile range, 48.5% to 72.0%). The scores of the European and American guidelines were superior to those of the Asian guidelines (both adjusted P<0.001). Most of the guidelines advocated systolic BP targets <130 mm Hg (12 guidelines, 60%) and diastolic BP targets <80 mm Hg (14 guidelines, 70%) in DM patients. Approximately half of the guidelines supported systolic BP thresholds >140 mm Hg (10 guidelines, 50%) and diastolic BP thresholds >90 mm Hg (nine guidelines, 45%). The tiny minority of the guidelines provided the relevant recommendations regarding the lower limit of official BP targets and the ambulatory BP monitoring (ABPM)/home BP monitoring (HBPM) targets and thresholds in DM patients. Conclusion The lower official BP targets (<130/80 mm Hg) in patients with DM are advocated by most of the guidelines, but they contain conflicting recommendations on the official BP thresholds. Moreover, the gaps regarding the lower limit of official BP targets and the ABPM/HBPM targets and thresholds need to be considered by future study.

Objective:To clarify the risk factors for post-operative central nervous system infection (PCNSI) to provide references for prevention and treatment of PCNSI.Methods:A total of 397 patients with neurosurgery diseases, admitted to and accepted 403 surgeries in our hospital from February 1 st, 2015 to December 30 th, 2015, were chosen in our study; their clinical data were collected. The incidence of PCNSI was analyzed. Risk factors for PCNSI were analyzed by univariate analysis and multivariate Logistic regression analysis. The ajusted specific infection rate of PCNSI was calculated in 12 chief surgeons who performed≥8 operations during the study period to assess the influence of surgeons in PCNSI incidence. Results:The PCNSI incidence in these 397 patients was 9.2% (37/403). The cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) culture positive rate was 29.7% (11/37), including 6 (54.6%) with positive gram staining. Univariate analysis showed that as compared with the non-infected group (366 surgeries), patients in the PCSNI group (37 surgeries) had significantly higher National Nosocomial Infections Surveillance (NNIS) scale, significantly higher proportion of patients with preoperative stay>6 d, significantly longer operative duration, and statistically higher proportion of involvement of scrub nurses with experience in fewer than 8 procedures ( P<0.05). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed operative duration ( OR=1.389, 95%CI: 1.202-1.606, P=0.000) and involvement of scrub nurses with experience in fewer than 8 procedures ( OR=2.860, 95%CI: 1.276-6.412, P=0.011) were independent risk factors for PCNSI. After adjustment by NNIS scale, the ajusted specific infection rate of PCNSI in 12 chief surgeons was 20.0%, 23.0%, 17.3%, 18.2%, 13.4%, 12.5%, 6.3%, 8.0%, 5.2%, 4.0%, 0.0%, and 0.0%, respectively, enjoying obvious differences. Conclusion:Specialized infection control training should give to surgeons with high adjusted specific infection rate of PCNSI; this training, shortening operative duration, and training of neurosurgery specialist nurses will be important measures to reduce PCNSI incidence.