BACKGROUND:Salmon calcitonin or elcatonin has been reported to al eviate acute and severe back pain caused by osteoportic fracture. OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the effects of the combined use of elcatonin and risedronate in the treatment of chronic back pain and the improvement of quality of life in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis. METHODS:Forty-five postmenopausal women with osteoporosis accompanied by chronic back pain persisting for more than 3 months, after excluding women with fresh vertebral fractures within the last 6 months, were randomly assigned to a risedronate group (administration of risedronate alone, n=22) and a combined drug group (combined administration of risedronate and elcatonin, n=23). Pain was evaluated using a visual analogue scale (VAS) and the Roland-Morris questionnaire. Bone mineral density was determined by dual-energy X-ray. Quality of life was assessed using the Medical Outcomes Study 36-Item Short-Form (SF-36) at 6 months after treatment. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:There were 20 and 19 cases in the risedronate and combined drug groups, respectively included in the final analysis. Significant improvements were found in the combined drug group for VAS and mental health status section scores in the SF-36 at final fol ow-up compared with baseline and 3-month fol ow-up, while no change was found in the risedronate group. Bone mineral density was increased significantly in both groups, while no significant difference was found between groups. These findings suggest that the use of elcatonin in addition to risedronate for more than 3 months may reduce chronic back pain in osteoporosis patients.

Objective Adopt the method of brachial plexus block by a noodle biopsy and pressing the root of interscalene,to discuss the effective of this method on the operation of shower and upper limb.Methods Summarize 182 cases of patients who got the upper limb operation,compared the patients adopting a noodle biopsy and pressing the root of interscalene to block,to the cases which un-pressing the interscalene.Evaluate the anesthesia on sense and movement and record the complicating disease.Results It got a satisfied result from a noodle biopsy and pressing the root of interscalene to block.In this case,all of the sense and movement including shower has disappeared,and has absolutely effect on analgesia.All of the patients avoid to be used herbal supplements and however to complicating symptom.Good rate 97％,compared to 73％ cases of un-pressing.Pressing the interscalene to block is better than un-pressing,on feet nerve,axillary nerves,the median nerve and C4 nerve.Conclusion A noodle biopsy and pressing the root of interscalene to block is a effective and simple method,it needn't special equipment and has a absolutely and extensively block result on the shower and upper limb operation.

Objective To compare the analgesic effect of dexmedetomidine and propofol on patients with coronary heart disease undergoing noncardiac surgery.Methods 86 patients in our hospital from Sep 2009 to Sep 2011 aged 55-76 years weighing 42-60 kg,who were scheduled for epidural anesthesia in routine,were randomly assigned to 2 groups:dexmedtomidine (Dex) group and propofol group (n=43,each).Visual analogue scale/score (VAS) analgesia score and ramsay sedation score were used to observe the analgesic effect after surgery.Serum concentration of cortisol,insulin and glucose were observed and compared between Dex and propofol group before and 4,24,48h after surgery.Patient satisfaction was surveyed.Results The analgesic effect evaluated by VAS and Ramsay scores was better in Dex group than in propofol group at different time after surgery (t=5.368,2.262,7.147,5.881,7.861,4.810,all P＜0.05).Serum concentrations of cortisol,insulin and glucose were lower in Dex group than in propofol group before and 4,24,48 h after surgery (t=3.076,2.042,4.090,all P＜0.05).The satisfaction rate was 93.0％ (40/43) in Dex group.Conclusions Dexmedetomidine has a better analgesic effect than propofol,and it is safe and feasible for patients with coronary heart disease undergoing noncardiac surgery.

Oleic acid is a common pharmaceutical excipient that has been widely used in various dosage forms. Gas chromatography (GC) has often been used as the quantitation method for fatty acids normally requiring a derivatization step. The aim of this study was to develop a simple, robust, and derivatization-free GC method that is suitable for routine analysis of all the major components in oleic acid USP-NF (United States Pharmacopeia-National Formulary) material. A gas chromatography-flame ionization detection (GC-FID) method was developed for direct quantitative analysis of oleic acid and related fatty acids in oleic acid USP-NF material. Fifteen fatty acids were separated using a DB-FFAP (nitroterephthalic acid modified polyethylene glycol) capillary GC column (30 m × 0.32 mm i.d.) with a total run time of 20 min. The method was validated in terms of specificity, linearity, precision, accuracy, sensitivity, and robustness. The method can be routinely used for the purpose of oleic acid USP-NF material analysis.

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) viral infectivity factor (Vif), one of the accessory proteins, which is a small basic phosphoprotein, is essential for viral replication and pathogenesis. The best well-characterized function of Vif is its ability to neutralize the host cell antiviral factor, apolipoprotein B mRNA editing enzyme catalytic polypeptide like 3G (APOBEC3G), which makes the viral particles more infective. In addition, Vif can regulate the reverse transcription and the advanced stage of replication of the virus particle, as well as induce the termination of cell cycle at G2 stage and so on. The designed drug aimed directly at Vif can efficiently block the maturation and infectivity of HIV-1. In this review, the structure, function and especially the related inhibitors of Vif are reviewed.

Objective To study the classification, management and outcome of the fracture of ulna coronoid process. Methods Retrospective analysis was carried out in 31 patients with fracture of ulna coronoid process. There were 19 males and 12 females with an average age of 29.8 years old (range, 18-52 years old). The fractures of ulna coronoid process were classified into 4 major groups based on the condition of the injury of ulna coronoid process, the anterior bundle of the ulnar collateral ligaments(UCL) and the elbow stability. The fracture of coronoid process within half of the height was defined as type Ⅰ. The half of coronoid process fracture with the injury of UCL was defined as type Ⅱ. The base of coronoid process fracture with the dislocation of elbow joint was defined as type Ⅲ, sometimes with the injury of UCL. The severe comminute fracture of coronoid process with elbow instability was defined as type Ⅳ. There were 11 cases in typeⅠ, 9 typeⅡ, 6 type Ⅲ and 5 type Ⅳ in our group. According to the type of injury we choose correlative treatment. Results The follow-up was 18-72 months(average 28.6 months). All the patients got fracture union, and without inflammation, neural injuries and elbow instability. 1 type Ⅲ and 2 type Ⅳ had traumatic osteoarthritis, and 2 type Ⅲ and 2 type Ⅳ occurred heterotopic ossification. There was a statistical significance when the motion range of two-side joints was compared in type Ⅳ. Conclusion We choose conservative treatment in the fracture of typeⅠ. But if the piece of bone affected motion of elbow joint, we can choose operative treatment, and elbow stability is not affected. The fracture of type Ⅱ and type Ⅲ with elbow instability should be reduced internal fixation and the ligament must be repaired or reconstructed. In cases of type Ⅳ, bone reconstruction is necessary to recover of elbow stability. Proper post-operative rehabilitation can decrease the rate of traumatic osteoarthritis.

OBJECTIVE:To introduce the Fair PharmaCare program of BC Canada for the reference of the reform of China's medical insurance system.METHODS:The running procedure of Fair PharmaCare program of BC Canada was introduced in detail and its characteristics were analyzed.RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS:Fair PharmaCare program covers all BC residents and protects them against economic difficulties in pharmacare.The program serves as a reference for the reform of China's medical insurance system.

Objective To study the signal transduction pathway of norepinephrine (NE)-induced expressions of oncogenes c-fos and c-myc in the rat heart. Methods mRNA levels of c-fos and c-myc in the left ventricle of the Langendorff-perfused rat heart was quantitated by reverse transcription and polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Results NE increased the expressions of c-fos and c-myc while the effects of NE on the expressions of c-fos and c-myc were blocked by ? 1-adrenergic blocker prazosin (5?10 -6 mol/L) completely. Neomycin (5 mmol/L) and ruthenium red (10 ?mol/L) decreased the NE-induced c-fos and c-myc mRNA levels. Conclusion NE can induce the expressions of oncogenes c-fos and c-myc in the ventricle mediated by ? 1-adrenergic receptor. The signal transduction pathway of NE-induced c-fos and c-myc expressions may be associated with inositol phosphates-Ca 2+ system and diacylglycerol-protein kinase C system.

Objective To investigate the diagnosis and treatment of multiple spinal intradural extramedullary tumors.Methods Totally 15 patients(11 men and 4 women) with multiple spinal intradural extramedullary tumors were enrolled in this study.The patients aged from 16 to 81 years with a mean of(51.0?21.2) years.The mean course of the disease was(11.0?7.6) months(range:2-27 months).In the patients,no skin neurofibroma or coffee spots were detected;brain MR showed no abnormalities.Enhanced MR revealed totally 46 spinal intradural extramedullary tumors,35 of which ≥0.5 cm in diameter,involving the cervical segment in 1 case,the thoracic segment in 5,and lumbar and sacrum segments in 12.All the patients received tumorectomy via the posterior midline approach.If the tumor was less than 1 cm,hemilaminectomy was performed under a microscope;the tumor was removed completely,while crucial nerves supplying the tumor were conserved as much as possible.When it is difficult to separate the nerves,we freed the roots of the nerves at our best ability,so that to carry out anastomosis of the roots after removing the tumor.Antibiotics and hormone therapy were administered after the operation,and the patients were required to wear neck/waist support brace for 2 months,and practice the back and waist muscles at the meantime.Results Among the 15 cases,total resection of the spinal tumors was performed on 12 patients(33 tumors were removed),of which one patient received anastomosis of the nerve roots.In the other three patients,two were diagnosed as having scattered multiple small neurofibroma or Schwannoma(