Objective To investigate serum levels of β-human chorionic gonadotrophin (β-HCG) and progesterone (P) in early pregnant women,and their relation to luteal maintenance therapy for early pregnancy protection.Methods One hundred and thirty five infertility women treated in Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics of Beijing Chaoyang Hospital from January 2007 to December 2011.Total 150pregnancy cycles,including 84 with intrauterine insemination (IUI) and 66 with natural conception,were divided into two groups:normal intrauterine pregnancy group (group A,n =80) and early pregnancy loss group (group B,n =70).Medical history,ultrasonic findings,serum female hormone,P and β-HCG levels at early pregnancy stage were analyzed.Results The age of group A and group B was (30.0 ± 3.9) years and(30.7 ± 4.9) years,respectively (P ＞ 0.05).The follicle-stimulating hormone/luteinizing hormone in group A and group B was 1.57 ±0.96 and 1.56 ± 1.08 ; the estradiol levels in two groups were (152 ±66) pmol/L and (147 ± 69) pmol/L,respectively (both P ＞ 0.05).There were no differences in dominant follicles and endometrial thickness between groups A and B (P ＞ 0.05).Ovulation promotion and luteal support treatments were adopted in both groups:50％ (40/80) of cycles in group A received ovulation promotion,73％ (58/80) of cycles received luteal support,while 44％ (31/70) and 76％ (53/70) received in groups B,respectively.The levels of serum progesterone in group A during 14-21 d,22-27 d and ≥ 28 d after ovulation were higher than those in group B at each time points (P ＜ 0.0l).There were no significant differences in serum progesterone levels between women with luteal support treatment and those without luteal support treatment in both groups (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion Dynamic monitoring of serum progesterone level in early pregnancy may be used as an auxiliary index for prediction of pregnancy outcome,but it may not be an indicator for luteal maintenance therapy.

One hundred and ten postmenopausal women,complaining vaginal discomfort,recurrent urinary tract infections or painful intercourse and visiting the hospital between March 2014 and February 2015 were enrolled in the study.Among them,58 patients received vaginal administration of estriol estriol ointment (group A) and 52 patients received conventional treatment (group B).There were no significant differences in mean age of menopause and mean menopause duration between two groups.The clinical symptoms,vaginal health scores,pelvic organ prolapse were observed after treatment.After 6-month treatment,the female vaginal health score was significantly improved in women group A,the rate of urinary orifice was reduced (78％ vs.7％),and the rate of pelvic organ prolapse was decreased (36％ vs.21％).The geritourinary syndrome of menopause is a new term for vulvovaginal atrophy with clinical characteristics of multi-system changes in postmenopausal women,including atrophic vaginitis,female urogenital diseases,and pelvic organ prolapse.The new diagnostic criteria are needed for evaluation and management of geritourinary syndrome.

Astragalus membranaceus var. mongholicus and Hedysarum polybotrys belong to different genera, but have similar drug efficacy in traditional Chinese medicine theory, and H. polybotrys was used as the legal A. membranaceus var. mongholicus previously. In this study, similarities and differences between them were analyzed via their ITS/ITS2 fragments information. The ITS (internal transcribed spacer) regions were amplified using polymerase chain reaction and then sequenced in two-way. The alignment lengths of ITS regions were 616 bp, in which 508 loci were consistent, and 103 loci were different, accounting for 82.47% and 16.72% of the total ITS nucleotides in length, respectively. As genotype determines phenotype, 1HNMR-based metabolomic approach was further used to reveal the chemical similarities and differences between them. Thirty-four metabolites were identified in the 1H NMR spectra, and twenty-seven metabolites were the common components. Amino acids, carbohydrates and other primary metabolites were similar, while a large difference existed in the flavonoids and astragalosides. This study suggests that A. membranaceus var. mongholicus and H. polybotrys show similarities and differences from molecular and chemical perspectives, which has laid a foundation for elucidating the effective material basis of drug with similar efficacy and resources utilization.

Objective To investigate the effects of osthole on neural stem cells ( NSCs) differentiation and explore the potential mechanism. Methods Brain-derived NSCs from newborn mice were isolated and cultured in vitro and determined by immunofluorescence. The P5 generations of NSCs were placed in culture solution with osthole at concentrations of (0,10,50, 100 μmol·L-1 ) . The neuron, astrocyte and oligodendroglia cell differentiation were determined by immunofluorescence. The mRNA expression of Notch 1 and its target genes Mash 1 and Neurogenin 2 were assessed by RT-PCR. Results The neurosphere displayed Nestin and Sox 2-postive by immunofluorescence, suggesting that the cultured cells were NSCs. Osthole promoted NSCs differentiating into more neuron(P<0. 01) and oligodendrocyte(P<0. 05), but not astrocyte. Meanwhile, osthole significantly reduced the mRNA expression of Notch 1(P<0. 01) and increased Ngn 2(P<0. 01)at the dose of 100 μmol·L-1. Conclusion Osthole enhances NSCs differentiating into more neuron and oligodendrocyte via probablly inhibiting Notch signal pathway.

AIM:To explore the protective effect of osthole on the SH-SY5Y cells transfected with APP595/596 gene, and to investigate the molecular mechanism.METHODS:The SH-SY5Y cells were transfected with APP595/596 gene in vitro for establishing a cell model to study the pathogenic role of amyloid β-protein ( Aβ) .The cell viability was detected by CCK-8 assay.The release of lactate dehydrogenase ( LDH) was determined by the colour reaction of dia-phorase-INT.The cell apoptotic rate was analyzed by flow cytometry.The expression of β-site APP cleaving enzyme 1 ( BACE1) at mRNA and protein levels was detected by RT-PCR and Western blot.The expression of Aβwas measured by the technique of immunofluorescence cytochemistry and Western blot.RESULTS: Treatment with osthole inhibited the LDH release, and increased the viability of the cells.The percentage of apoptotic cells was also significantly decreased. Osthole also inhibited the expression of BACE1 at mRNA and protein levels and the protein expression of Aβ.CONCLU-SION:Osthole has protective effect on SH-SY5Y cells transfected with APP595/596 gene.The mechanism may be associ-ation with inhibiting the mRNA and protein expression of BACE1.

Aim To investigate the effects of osthole ( Ost) on the ability of proliferation and differentiation in APP transduced neural stem cells( NSCs) , and neu-ronal apoptosis, in order to find related mechanism. Methods A model of Alzheimer′s disease( AD) cells was successfully established by transducing APP gene into NSCs in vitro. The ability of proliferation and dif-ferentiation was tested by staining. The viability of NSCs was determined by using CCK-8 assay. The cell apoptosis was tested by Hoechst 33258 staining. The expression of GSK-3β and β-catenin mRNA was deter-mined by RT-PCR. The expression of GSK-3β and β-catenin protein was determined by Western blot. Re-sults The ability of proliferation had increased by 10 . 24% with Ost treatment, compared with APP group. The ability of differentiation had increased by 6 . 74%with Ost treatment, compared with APP group. The vi-ability of NSCs had increased and cell apoptotic rate had decreased significantly. From the results of RT-PCR and Western blot, we could find the expression of GSK-3βmRNA and protein had decreased, and the ex-pression of β-catenin mRNA and protein had increased significantly, compared with APP group. Conclusion Ost could enhance the ability of proliferation and dif-ferentiation into more neurons of NSCs transducing APP gene, and reduce neuronal apoptosis. It might be relat-ed with activiting Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway.

BACKGROUND:Neural stem cells have self-renewal and multidirectional differentiation potential, but under normal circumstances, the number of neural stem cells is less, and most cells are in the resting state. Thus, to promote the proliferation of neural stem cells is the key to the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effects of osthole on the proliferation of neural stem cells cultured in vitro, and to analyze its mechanism underlying promoting the proliferation. METHODS:Neural stem cells were cultured in vitro, and passage 3 cells were cultured with different concentrations of osthole(10, 50 and 100μmol/L). After 24 hours, cellvitality was determined by cellcounting kit-8. After 3, 5, 7 days of further culture, the radius of neurospheres was measured, and Ki67-positive cells were counted by immunofluorescence staining. Meanwhile, after 3 days of further culture, the gene expression of Notch 1, Hes 1 and Mash 1 in neural stem cells was detected by RT-PCR. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Compared with the control group, 50, 100μmol/L osthole could obviously promote the proliferation ability of neural stem cells. 100μmol/L osthole had the most significant effect and increased the expression of Notch 1 gene, Hes 1 gene, but it had no effect on Mash 1 gene. These results suggest that osthole can promote proliferation of neural stem cells cultured in vitro and its mechanism may be associated with activation of Notch 1 gene and Hes 1 gene in Notch signaling pathway.

Aim To investigate the effect of osthole on neuron synapses infected APP gene and its underlying mechanism. Methods The neurons were divided into three groups:GFP, APP, APP+Ost groups. The neu-rons were infected APP gene with containing mutational site in vitro for mimicking the characterstics of Alzhei-mer’ s disease ( AD) . The cell viability was assessed by CCK-8 , the expression of synapsin-1 was deter-mined by immunofluorescence, and the concentration of PSD-95 and SYP were detected by ELISA. The ex-pressions of Aβ1-42 , CAMKK2 , phoshorylated AMPKα1 , AMPKα1 protein were determined by West-ern blot. Results Strong APP staining was visible in neurons infected with APP and abundant expression of Aβ1-42 , a neurotoxic oligomer. Compared with APP group, APP+Ost group significantly increased cell vi-ability, promoted the expression of synapsin-1, up-reg-ulated the concentration of PSD-95 and SYP, and de-creased the expressions of CAMKK2 and p-AMPKα1 . Conclusions Ost can protect the neuron synapses a-gainst infected with APP gene. Its neuroprotective effect may be related to inhibiting the CAMKK2/AMPK signal pathway.