Objective To evaluate the curative effect and problems of X-ray fluoroscopy guided percutaneous vertebroplasty (PVP) in treating osteoporotic spinal compression fractures. Methods Twenty-four patients (15 females and 8 males) with 44 vertebral compression fractures underwent PVP. They were average 69 years of age (48-83 years). The fracture segment was within T 5-L 3 (20 thoracical vertebrae, 24 lumbar vertebrae). Under the guidance of C-arm fluoroscopy, bone marrow biopsy needle was inserted percutaneously via transpedicular way into the fractured vertebrae. Polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) was then injected into the fractured vertebrae. Vasual analogue scale (VAS), mobility and analgesic usage were evaluated 2 days before and after PVP and in the follow-up period. Results PVP was successful in 21 cases (40 vertebrae ), but failed in 2 cases (4 vertebrae) due to weak position endurance. The volume of PMMA injected was 1.0-8.0 ml per vertebrae. The average follow-up period was 3.1 months (1-7 months). VAS was sharply decreased from pre-PVP 7.5?1.2 to 2.8?1.0 at day 2 after PVP (P

Objective To elucidate the mechanisms of disruption of intestinal mucosa barrier in obstructive jaundice.Methods The obstructive jaundice model of rats was set up.At 10 d and 20 d after operation,immunohistochemistry and Western-blot techniques were used to examine the distribution and expression of tight junction proteins(ZO-1,Occludin) and myosin light chain kinase(MLCK)in intestinal mucosa.Results In normal control groups,the staining of ZO-1 and occludin was predominantly localized to the margins of the epithelial cells and the apex of the cell membrane,and displayed a continuous and uniform distribution along the under surface of the villae.MLCK was distributed mainly in cytoplasm.In obstructive jaundice groups,ZO-1 and occludin staining appeared discontinuous and vague,with rough edges and spiculate processes.The staining of MLCK was also discontinuous and scanty.The strong positive express ratio of ZO-1,Occludin and MLCK were obviously lower in two experiment group than those in the control group all P

ObjectiveTo investigate the effects of splenectomy on the intestine mucosa barrier in rats with obstructive jaundice. Methods50 Wistar rats were divided randomly into the obstructive jaundice group (OJ), in which the animals underwent operation to ligate common bile duct, and the obstructive jaundice + splenectomy group (OJ+ S). Seven days post-operation, plasma endotoxin levels were detected. Intestinal mucosa permeability was measured by the ratios of lactulose and mannitol (L/M). Immunohistochemistry and Western blot were used to examine the expression of tight junction proteins (ZO-1 and occludin) in the distal ileum mucosa. Western blots images were analyzed quantitatively. ResultsAverage ratios of L/M and plasma endotoxin were decreased obviously in the OJ+S group compared to those in the OJ group (all P=0. 001). Compared with the OJ group, the average intestinal villus height and mucosa thickness were upgraded somewhat in the OJ + S group (P = 0.019, 0. 001 ). By immunohistochemistry staining seven days post-operation, same comment as above the amounts of strong positive expression of ZO-1 were significantly decreased in the OJ group (6/18, P-0. 021). There wewas no difference between the OJ+S group(8/17) and the OJ group.The amount of strong positive expression of occludin was higher in the OJ + S group than that of the OJ group(10/17 vs 4/18, P= 0. 026). The same outcomes were obtained by quantitative Western blot images. Conclusion The intestinal epithelial permeability was increased in rats with obstructive jaundice,and intestinal barrier was damaged. After excising spleen, the amount and distribution of tight junction proteins were changed and the impairment of intestinal barrier was abated.

Objective To investigate the effects and mechanism of deoxypodophyllotoxin on cell proliferation and mi?gration of human lung cancer NCI-H358 cells in vitro. Methods CCK-8 assay, flow cytometry assay, wound healing assay and DCFH-DA assay were used to detect the effects of deoxypodophyllotoxin on the proliferation, cells cycle, apoptosis, mi?gration and reactive oxygen species (ROS). The protein expressions of Cyclin B1, Cdc25c, CDK1, Caspase-3, p53, Bcl-2, MMP9, ERK1/2, p38MAPK and JNK were measured by Western blot assay, respectively. Results Deoxypodophyllotoxin inhibited cell proliferation and reduced migration in human lung cancer NCI-H358 cells. Flow cytometry analysis showed that treatment with deoxypodophyllotoxin resulted in cell cycle G2/M and S phase arrest, cell apoptosis and ROS production. The result of Western blot assay showed that protein expressions of Cyclin B1, Cdc25c, CDK1, Bcl-2 and MMP9 were down-regulated while Caspase-3 and p53 were up-regulated. Moreover, Deoxypodophyllotoxin treatment decreased the phosphory?lated levels of ERK1/2, p38MAPK and JNK obviously. Conclusion Deoxypodophyllotoxin could suppress the proliferation and migration of human lung cancer NCI-H358 cells in vitro, which is a potential anti-tumor drug.

BACKGROUND:Previous studies have shown that bone marrow mesenchymal stem cels in the treatment of neurological diseases have achieved some success, which can promote neurological alterations; however, there is no breakthrough on gene and drug regulation. OBJECTIVE:To investigate the influence of ginsenosides-induced differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cels on nerve regeneration after traumatic brain injury. METHODS: A traumatic brain injury model was built in rats using hydraulic shock method, and then rat models were randomly divided into model group (traumatic brain injury group), bone marrow mesenchymal stem cel group, ginsenosides group (ginsenosides induced differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cels). At 2 weeks after transplantation, western blot assay was used to detect protein expression levels of nerve growth factor and brain-derived neurotrophic factor, immunohistochemistry assay used to detect the number of BrdU-positive cels. At 1, 3 days and 1, 2 weeks after transplantation, modified neurological severity scores were recorded. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The expression levels of nerve growth factor and brain-derived neurotrophic factor protein were significantly higher in the ginsenosides group than the bone marrow mesenchymal stem cel group and model group (P < 0.05). The number of BrdU positive nerve cels was also higher in the ginsenosides group than the bone marrow mesenchymal stem cel group and model group (P < 0.05). At 3 days and 1, 2 weeks after transplantation, the modified neurological severity scores in the ginsenosides group were lower than those in the bone marrow mesenchymal stem cel group and model group (P< 0.05). These findings indicate that ginsenoside-induced bone marrow mesenchymal stem cel transplantation can promote nerve regeneration in rats with traumatic brain injury, which has better outcomes than bone marrow mesenchymal stem cel transplantation alone.

BACKGROUND:Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cels (BMSCs) can promote nerve regeneration, but there are no better results because of the limitations of treatment methods. BMSC transplantation alone is not enough to achieve desired therapeutic effects. OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effect of fibroblast growth factor (FGF)-modified BMSC transplantation on functional recovery and expression of glial fibrilary acidic protein after traumatic brain injury. METHODS:Animal models of traumatic brain injury were established in Sprague-Dawley rats using hydraulic shock method, and then randomized into control group (traumatic brain injury group), BMSC group and FGF-BMSC group (FGF-modified BMSC group). After isolation and culture, BMSCs were modified by adenovirus vector-mediated FGF gene. Western blot assay was used to detect transfection efficiency and glial fibrilary acidic protein expression; immunohistochemical detection was used to detect distribution and number of BrdU positive cels in the brain; Longa score was used to evaluate the neurologic function of rats at 1, 3 days, 1, 2 weeks after transplantation; TUNEL assay was used to detect cel apoptosis in the brain. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Western blot results showed that FGF gene was successfuly transferred to the adenovirus vector, and capable of expressing in BMSCs; moreover, the glial fibrilary acidic protein expression of FGF-BMSC group was significantly higher than that in the other two groups (P < 0.05). The number of BrdU positive cels in the brain was significantly higher in the FGF-BMSC group than the other two groups (P < 0.05). Two weeks after transplantation, the Longa scores in the FGF-BMSC group were significantly lower than those in the other two groups (P < 0.05). TUNEL results showed that the number of apoptotic cels in the FGF-BMSC group was significantly lower than that in the other two groups (P < 0.05). These findings indicate that FGF-modified BMSCs transplantation is able to improve neurological damage after traumatic brain injury and promote neurological recovery, which is better than BMSC transplantation alone.

Objective To evaluate the feasibility, safety, and clinical outcome in patients with cervical spondylotic radiculopathy underwent cervical nerve root decompression using the anterior percutaneous endoscopic surgery.Methods Eleven subjects consisting of 6 men and 5 women treated from July 2012 to December 2013 were enrolled in the study.Mean age was 42.1 years (range, 27 to 63 years).All were diagnosed to be unilateral single-segment injury involving C3/4 in 1 case, C4/5 in 2 cases, C5/6 in 6 cases and C6/7 in 2 cases.Because of unsatisfactory results 6 week following the non-operative treatment, the patients were operated on using the anterior percutaneous endoscopic osteophyte removal and nerve root decompression.Operation time, postoperative complications, visual analogue scale (VAS) and modified Macnab scale were recorded.Results Operation time was (102.5 ± 21.3) min (range, 80-140 min).Nine patients were followed up for 12 months and no complications were noted.VAS improved significantly at postoperative 3 days and 1, 3, 6, as well as 12 months compared to the preoperative value (P ＜ 0.01).Modified Macnab scale presented great improvement at postoperative 3 and 12 months compared to the preoperative value (P ＜ 0.01).Conclusion The technique is reliable and effective in treatment of cervical spondylotic radiculopathy.

Objective To investigate the effects and mechanisms of bile on small intestine mucosal barrier.Methods Fifty Wistar rats were assinged into 3 groups randomly: obstructive jaundice(OJ) group(n=20),biliary external drainage group(n=20) and control group(n=10).Ten days after operation,the plasma endotoxin level was determinated,the terminal ileum mucosas was obtained to be morphologically measured by light microscope,and immunohistochemistry and Western blot were uesd to examine the expressions of tight junction proteins zona occludens-1(ZO-1) and occludin in the mucosas.Results Atrophy significantly appeared in the distal ileum mucosas in OJ group.Compared with control group,the intestinal villus height,mucosa thickness and crypt depth in OJ group were obviously decreased 27.8%,21.7%,and 25.4%(P=0.001,0.001,0.040).There were no differences between external drainage group and control group(P=0.050,0.070,0.080);While the values of external drainage group were significantly higher than those in OJ group(all P=0.001).The level of plasma endotoxin was up to(1.49?0.27) EU/ml in OJ group compared with control group((0.27?0.09) EU/ml),P=0.001.In external drainage group,the value was(0.91?0.25) EU/ml,which was obviously higher than that in control group and lower than that in OJ group(all P=0.001).Immunohistochemical study showed strong positive expression of ZO-1 dropped from 7/10 in the control group to 6/20 in OJ group(P=0.040),occludin expression was 8/10 in control group and 7/20 in OJ Group(P=0.020);expressions of them in external drainage group(8/20(P=0.100,0.210) and 9/20(P=0.060,0.200)) displayed no significant differences compared with the other twogroups.Quantitative testing of Western blot showed the expressions of ZO-1 and occludin in OJ group were significantly lower than those in control group(P=0.001,0.010),the values in external drainage group were higher than those in OJ group(P=0.005,0.014).The expression of ZO-1 was lower in external drainage group than that in control group(P=0.001),and there was no significant difference of occludin between the two groups(P=0.062).Conclusion Lack of intestinal bile will undermine the intestinal tight junction protein composition,and make intestinal mucosal barrier impaired.The intestinal barrier more severely injured when biliary tract obstructs because of multiple factors.Bile plays an important role in the maintenance of intestinal mucosal barrier.

Objective To investigate the efficacy of the clinical pathway in geriatric orthope-dics clinical teaching. Methods From March 2010 to December 2011, 80 clinical undergraduates, who practiced in the Department of Orthopedics in the Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medi-cal University, were equally randomized divided into two groups. One group was taught by the con-ventional methods and the other group was taught by the clinical pathway teaching. After the teaching, the theoretical exam and operational skill test were performed among students in both groups. SPSS 17.0 software was employed and the scores before and after the teaching and scores between two groups was analyzed by paired t-test(inspection level α=0.05). Results There was no significant difference in average scores between two groups before teaching(theoretical exam: P=0.81, operating skill test:P=0.65) while significant increases were observed in scores of theoretical exam and operational skill test after teaching (theoretical exam and operating skill test: P<0.05) and clinical pathway teaching group had higher scores than conventional teaching group (theoretical exam and operating skill test:P=0.02 and P=0.01). Conclusions Better effects can be achieved by clinical pathway approach re-garding geriatric orthopedics teaching.

Objective To explore the effects of glucagon-like peptide-2(GLP-2) on intestinal mucosa epithelium myosin light chain kinase(MLCK)of the rat with obstructive jaundice.Methods The obstructive jaundice models of rats were set up.At postoperative 10 d,the control group rats were subcutaneously injected with 0.5 mL PBS;experiment group A with 250g/(kg?d) GLP-2 (0.5 mL),and experiment group B with 125 g/(kg?d) GLP-2 (0.5 mL),b.i.d?7 d,then all the rats were killed The villus height,mucosa thickness and crypt depth of the terminal ileum mucosa were detected.Immunohistochemistry and Western-blot were used to examine the distribution and expression of MLCK.Image analytical system and statistics software were used to analyze the results quantitately.Results The intestinal villi of the distal ileum mucosa were short and sparse in control group.Compared with control group,the average intestinal villus height,mucosa thickness and crypt depth were increased 27.8%,21.7% and 25.4%(all P0.05).The same outcomes were obtained by quantitative analysing Western blot images.The degression of intestinal villus height and absorbance of MLCK images presented direct correlation.Conclusions The intestinal mucous membrane shows obvious atrophy in obstructive jaundice.Exogenous supplemented GLP-2 can enhance the quantity and distribution of MLCK in intestinal mucosa in obstructive jaurdice,and can restore the morphology of intestinal mucosa epithelium.