To explore the spatial distribution mechanism of Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV), PhyML v3.0 was used to build phylogenetic tree using JEV sequences in the dataset. PAUP v4.0 and Migrapyhla softz ware were then used to analyze the migration events. The results showed that a total of 95 migration events were observed during the dispersal of JEV throughout Asia. Further analysis revealed that Thailand, and several Chinese provinces (including Shandong, Shanghai, Sichuan and Yunnan), were the main migration sources of JEV. JEV spread from these migration sources as follows: from Thailand to Australia, Cambodia, Tibet and India; from Shanghai to eastern coastal Asian regions and Yunnan; from Shandong to Korea, Zhejiang, Hubei, Shanxi and Liaoning; from Sichuan mainly to inland regions of China, as well as Vietnam and Japan; and from Yunnan to Zhejiang. This study indicated that frequent migration events occurred during the dispersal of JEV in the Asia and Pacific regions, and that Thailand, Shandong, Shanghai, Sichuan and Yunnan were the sources of JEV dispersal.
Asia ; epidemiology ; China ; epidemiology ; Encephalitis Virus, Japanese ; classification ; genetics ; isolation & purification ; physiology ; Encephalitis, Japanese ; epidemiology ; transmission ; virology ; Phylogeny

Objective To evaluate the clinical significance of the change of serum matrix metalloproteinases (MMP)-1,-2,-3 and -9 in acute and chronic aortic diseases and acute myocardial ischemia.Methods The blood serum levels of MMP-1,-2,-3 and -9 were detected in 30 patients with acute aortic dissection,19 patients with chronic aortic dissection,19 patients with aortic aneurysm and in 12 patients with acute myocardial ischemia,as well as in 16 healthy individuals who served as the control group.Serum MMP levels were measured by using an ELISA technique.Results There were significantly higher levels of MMP-3 in patients with acute myocardial ischemia as compared to acute aortic dissection ( [19.10 ± 3.11 ] μg/L vs [11.89 ± 1.31 ] μg/L,P =0.02).Significantly lower levels of MMP-1 were found in healthy controls compared to the groups of patients ( [1.30 ± 0.56 ] μg/L vs [2.99 ± 0.78 ] μg/L in acute aortic dissection,P =0.03,[3.12 ±0.78] μg/L in chronic dissection,P =0.02,[3.01 ± 1.01 ] μg/L in thoracic aortic aneurysm,P =0.03 and [5.01 ± 0.98 ] μg/L in acute myocardial ischemia,P =0.01 ).Higher levels of M MP-1 and MMP-3 were detected on males.There was a positive correlation between MMP-1 and increasing age ( r =0.38,P ＜ 0.05 ).In patients operated for acute type A aortic dissection,the levels of MMP-1,MMP-3 and MMP-9 increased immediately after surgery,while the levels of MMP-2 decreased.Twenty-four hours after surgery levels of MMP-1,-2 and -9 were almost equal to the preoperative ones( P ＞ 0.05 ).Conclusion Measurement of serum MMP levels in thoracic aortic disease and acute myocardial ischemia is a simple and relatively rapid laboratory test that could be used as a biochemical indicator of aortic disease or acute myocardial ischemia,when evaluated in combination with imaging techniques.

Objective To evaluate the effect of gastric compound on patients with middle-late gastric cancer of spleen deficiency and stasis toxin. Methods Ninety patients with middle-late gastric cancer of spleen deficiency and stasis toxin were randomly divided into combined group, chemotherapy group, and gastric compound group, 30 cases in each group. Patients in the combined group were treated with gastric compound and chemotherapy;patients in the chemotherapy group were treated with placebo;patients in the gastric compound group were treated with gastric compound. The changes of QLQ-C30 scale integral, fatigue scale intergral, TCM symptom intergral, Karnofsky integral, and toxic and side effects of digestive tract and myelosuppression were observed to evaluate the effect of gastric compound on quality of life in patients. Results The changes of QLQ-C30 scale integral, fatigue scale intergral, TCM symptom intergral, Karnofsky intergal in combined group were better than those in chemotherapy group and gastric compound group, with statistical significance (P<0.05). The changes of fatigue scale intergral and TCM symptom intergral in gastric compound group were better than those in chemotherapy group, with statistical significance (P<0.05). The myelosuppression and toxic and side effects of digestive tract of combined group was lighter than those of chemotherapy group, with statistical significance (P<0.01). Conclusion Gastric compound combined with chemotherapy can improve quality of life in patients with middle-late gastric cancer of spleen deficiency and stasis toxin, and reduce myelosuppression and toxic and side effects of digestive tract.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effects of orthodontic treatment of skeletal crossbite adults with mandibular deviation.

METHODSEighteen skeletal Class III adult patients with borderline skeletal crossbite and mandibular deviation were selected (5 males, 13 females). The mean age was 25 years. All cases were treated with straight-wire appliance in upper arch and occlusal plate in the lower arch.Elastics were applied to correct mandibular deviation. Cephalometric analysis was carried out before and after treatment. Paired t-test was performed.

RESULTSAfter treatment, the anterior crossbite was corrected and Class I molar and canine relationships were achieved. The inclination of upper incisors was increased significantly.

CONCLUSIONSStraight-wire appliance combined with occlusal plate was effective on correcting adult patients with mild, moderate skeletal crossbite and mandibular deviation.

Adult ; Cephalometry ; Female ; Humans ; Incisor ; Male ; Malocclusion ; therapy ; Molar ; Orthodontic Wires

Objective To investigate the effect of cisternostomy on the prognosis of patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI).Methods A retrospective case control study was conducted to analyze the clinical data of 46 patients with TBI admitted to Shanxi Dayi Hospital from May 2017 to September 2018.There were 37 males and nine females,aged 24-80 years [(49.8 ± 15.7)years].The injury severity score (ISS) was 6-42 points [(25.0 ± 8.2)points],and the Glasgow Coma score (GCS) was 3-14 points [(3.4 ± 1.7) points].Twenty-three patients underwent routine surgery only (control group),and 23 patients underwent cisternostomy (cisternostomy group) on the basis of routine surgery.Intracranial pressure monitoring was performed in both groups before surgery.The postoperative intracranial pressure,intracranial pressure 1 week after operation,postoperative mechanical ventilation time,neurosurgical ICU (NICU) time,postoperative dehydration dose,decompressive craniectomy rate,postoperative infection rate,mortality rate,length of hospital stay,GCS at discharge,and Glasgow outcome score (GOS) of 3 months of follow-up were compared between the two groups.Results Compared with the control group,the cistemostomy group had lower postoperative intracranial pressure [(7.1 ± 5.7) mmHg vs.(14.2 ± 12.0) mmHg)],intracranial pressure 1 week after operation [(11.8 ± 0.5) mmHg vs.(14.0 ± 0.7) mmHg],postoperative dosage of dehydrating agent [0 (0-500.0) ml vs.1 275 (787.5-3 812.5) ml] and decompression rate (57％ ∶ 91％) (P ＜ 0.05).There were no significant differences between the cistemostomy group and control group in postoperative mechanical ventilation time [120 (42.0-225.0)hours vs.89(65.5-203.5)hours],NICU time [236(182.0-340.5)hoursvs.281 (114-400)hours],postoperative infection rate (4％ vs.0),mortality rate (13％ vs.39％) and hospital stay [32 (20.0-44.5) hours vs.25 (12.0-30.5)hours] (P ＞ 0.05).The cisternostomy group had higher GCS score at discharge than the control group [(10.7 ± 4.2) points vs.(7.9 ± 4.2) points] (P ＜ 0.05).After 3 months of follow-up,18 patients in the cisternostomy group showed good prognosis,better than that in the control group (11 patients) (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion For TBI patients,cisternostomy can clear the blood cerebrospinal fluid,reduce harmful metabolic products in the brain,reduce intracranial pressure and hence improve the prognosis of patients.

At present, the most commonly used surgical measures for treatment of severe traumatic brain injury (sTBI) mainly include external ventricular puncture and drainage (EVD), decompressive craniectomy (DC), intracranial hematoma clearance and intracerebral decompression of contusion and laceration. All of these procedures can reduce intracranial pressure (ICP) and mortality, but they have the disadvantage of high postoperative adverse functional outcomes. With further study of glyymphatic system and intracranial microsurgery, some scholars have proposed a new neurosurgical technique: cisternostomy, which could achieve good results in the treatment of some refractory intracranial hypertension patients with sTBI. In this paper, we will summarize the recent advance in cisternostomy in the treatment of sTBI by reviewing the relevant literature at domestic and abroad in recent years, including the systematic evaluation of its pathophysiological basis, surgical techniques, surgical indications and contraindications, and surgical efficacy.

Objective To investigate the effects of orthodontic treatment of skeletal crossbite adults with mandibular deviation. Methods Eighteen skeletal Class Ⅲ adult patients with borderline skeletal crossbite and mandibular deviation were selected (5 males,13 females). The mean age was 25 years. All cases were treated with straight-wire appliance in upper arch and occlusal plate in the lower arch. Elastics were applied to correct mandibular deviation. Cephalometric analysis was carried out before and after treatment. Paired t-test was performed. Results After treatment, the anterior crossbite was corrected and Class Ⅰ molar and canine relationships were achieved. The inclination of upper incisors was increased significantly. Conclusions Straight-wire appliance combined with occlusal plate was effective on correcting adult patients with mild, moderate skeletal crossbite and mandibular deviation.

Objective:To investigate the clinicopathologic features, treatment, and prognosis in patients with Castleman disease (CD) .Methods:We retrospectively analyzed the clinicopathologic data of 59 patients for whom a diagnosis of Castleman disease was confirmed using pathological examination from October 2011 to October 2019 at the Henan Cancer Hospital. The patients were divided into the following two groups as per the following clinical classifications: unicentric CD (UCD, n=47) and multicentric CD (MCD, n=12) . Data on clinical manifestations, laboratory findings, treatment, and prognosis were analyzed. Results:There was no significant difference in the median age and the ratio of male to female between the UCD and MCD. UCD was characterized by asymptomatic enlargement of the single lymph node. The main pathological type was hyaline vascular histopathology (83.0%) . Of these, 44 patients chose surgical resection, and their prognosis was good. Treatment. MCD was characterized by multiple enlarged superficial and/or deep lymph nodes with B symptoms, weakness, and hepatosplenomegaly. Anemia, hypoproteinemia, and globulin level were increased on laboratory examinations. Plasmacyte histopathology was the main pathological type and was present in about 50.0% of the subjects. Only chemotherapy was performed for these MCD patients, followed by chemotherapy or chemotherapy followed by radiotherapy, and the efficient was 58.3% (7/12) .Conclusions:UCD, characterized by asymptomatic enlargement of the single lymph node, shows good postoperative prognosis. MCD has relatively complex clinical manifestations and poor prognosis, and optimal treatment is yet to be established.

Objective To investigate the effect of respiratory movement of different amplitude,period and direction on the dose distribution of target area in dynamic intensity modulated radiation therapy.Methods A total of 30 cases of lung cancer were selected and divided into three groups according to the volume size of the target area,including groups A (72.0-200.2 cm3),B (271.7-380.0 cm3) and C (498.9-684.9 cm3).The average volume was 151.5,327.1 and 583.3 cm3,respectively.Breathing motion simulation platform was used to drive the mode body with two-dimensional ionization chamber matrix along the Gun-Target direction,then turn the collimator to 0° and 90°,respectively.The doses were collected at the central level in different amplitudes of 0,4,8,12 and 15 mm,periodic respiratory movement at the intervals of 3,4 and 5 s and respiratory motion measurement with a cycle of 4 s 5 times.The difference of dose distribution between the collected dose and TPS output was analyzed by taking the absolute dose and γ-passing rate (3 mm/3％) as indicators.Results In the two-sided upward,respiratory movement reduced the dose at the medial edge of the target area and increased the dose at the lateral edge of the target area.The difference of γ-passing rate between respiration cycle was up to 3.54％ (t=2.301,P＜0.05),and when the respiration movement was more than 8 mm,the γ-passing rate was less than 90％ and decreased with the increase of amplitude.The difference of γ-passing rate between static and respiratory motion was negatively correlated with the volume of target area,and the average γ-passing rate of A,B and C three groups increased gradually.The γ-passing rate of 5 composited dose was higher than that of single dose,and the difference was statistically sigificant(t=-9.36--5.95,P＜0.05).Conclusions The dose distribution of dynamic IMRT target area is mainly influenced by respiration range and its own volume,and the respiration cycle has an effect on dose distribution under partial amplitude.After implementing the multiple doses,some single dose implementation errors can be eliminated.Physicians need to expand the target area reasonably according to the range of respiratory movement,and optimize the amount of marginal tissue in the target area in the direction of respiratory movement.For patients with small target volume and large respiratory movement,respiratory management technology should be adopted to improve the accuracy of target dose implementation.

Wound repair is a fundamental task that the whole field of the Burn and Plastic surgery pays urgent attention to and longs for a breakthrough. In this column, wound repair balance laws theory is expounded and we are expecting people in the field gradually began to value the use of balance law. Guided by the law of balance principle, people are required to conduct scientific research, improve clinical technique and develop new materials. The theory is designed to improve the level of scientific research and clinical diagnosis, and will set up a new milestone in the field of wound repair.