Objective To study the association between serum concentrations of total testosterone levels and coronary heart disease (CHD) in the postmenopausal women. Methods The study was designed as a case-control study.394 postmenopausal female patients were selected from Cardiology Center of the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University.The case group included 183 women patients with CHD aged (62.7±8.0) years,the control group,211 women with normal coronary aged (60.0 ± 8.8) years. Blood samples were collected to determine total testosterone,fasting glucose and lipid profile. CHD severity was expressed as the numbers of coronary arteries that had a stenosis ≥50％.According to the level of testosteron,all cases were divided into 4 groups by interquartile range method:Q1＜3.5 nmol/L(n=190),3.5 nmol/L≤Q2 ＜10.4 nmol/L(n=64),10.4 nmol/L≤Q3 ＜26.0 nmol/L(n=120) and Q4≥26.0 nmol/L(n=20).The association between the serum total testosterone levels and severity of coronary atherosclerosis was analyzed. Results The average total testosterone was higher in case group than in control group[(10.4 ± 24.3 ) nmol/L vs. ( 6.9 ± 17.4 ) nmol/L,Z =0.79,P =0.555].In Quantitative adjusted models,higher levels of total testosterone had strong correlation with CHD,Q4 incidence of CHD (75.0％,15 cases) was significantly higher than Q1 (46.8％,89 cases),Q2 (40.6％,26 cases)and Q3 (44.2％,53 cases) (x2 =7.69,P=0.048).After adjustment for other risk factors,women in the top quartile of total testosterone levels had a more than 3-fold increase in odds of CHD(OR=3.47,95％CI:1.06-11.32,P＜0.05).In addition,the serum concentrations of total testosterone level were significantly associated with the severity of CHD (F=12.94,P＜0.05). Conclusions Higher levels of total testosterone may be associated with high prevalence and severity of CHD as an independent factor in postmenopausal women.

Objective To investigate prevalence and risk factors of peripheral artery disease (PAD), metabolic syndrome (MS) and peripheral artery disease complicated with metabolic syndrome among Kazakh adults lived in Xinjiang Yili prefecture. Methods Four-stage cluster sampling method was used to select adults aged 35 years and over for the study from six cities and prefectures of Xinjiang. All the participants were interviewed with questionnaire to collect their demographic characteristics. Physical checksup and blood biochemical measurements were performed for all of them, as well as blood pressure was measured in their lower legs and arms to calculate ankle brachial pressure index ( ABPI), a ratio of the blood pressure in the lower legs to that in the arms. Only data of Kazakh adults in Yili prefecture were analyzed in this paper, including prevalence and risk factors for PAD and MS, as well as their relationship.The patients with PAD were divided into two groups, one complicated with MS and the other without it Logistic regression analysis was used to identify potential risk factors for PAD and MS and their combination.Results A total of 1365 adult Kazakh people were surveyed. Prevalence of MS was 23.7 percent, 30.4 percent for men and 19.0 percent for women, respectively, and that of PAD was 9. 4 percent, 7.0 percent for men and 11.0 percent for women, respectively. Mean age in patients of PAD complicated with MS was older than that in those without MS (t=-5.348, P＜0.01). Risk of PAD complicated with MS in Kazakh people associated with gender ( men), age, systolic pressure, diastolic pressure and blood glucose level.(P＜0.05). Conclusions Both prevalence of PAD and MS are significantly higher among Kazakh people in Yili prefecture of Xinjiang, and increase with age. Prevalence of PAD is significantly higher in those with MS than that in those without MS. Risk factors of PAD complicated with MS include gender(men), age,systolic pressure, diastolic pressure and blood glucose level.

Objective To investigate the association between matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) gene polymorphism (-1562C ＞ T/R279Q) and acute coronary syndrome (ACS) in Uygur nationality of Xinjiang Autonomous Region of China. Methods A total of 352 patients with ACS including 213 patients with unstable angina pectoris and 139 patients with acute myocardial infarction evidenced by using coronary arteriography and 421 control subjects were recruited in this study. The MMP-9-1562C ＞ T and R279Q genotypes were detemined by using PCR-RFLP method. The relationship between the polymorphism in the MMP-9 gene and the severity of coronary arterial stenosis was analyzed. All polymorphisms were determined for confimation with Hardy-Weinberg expectations in both groups separately. Differences in distributions of genotypes and alleles between two groups were analyzed with x2 test. The association between the MMP-9 polymorphisms and the risk of ACS was estimated by odds ratio(Ors) and their 95% confidence intervals (CIs), and the comprehensive evaluation of the factors associated with ACS was determined by using multifactor logistic regression. P ＜ 0. 05 was considered to be statistically significant. Results The genotype frequencies for CT + TT genotypes and T allele were 25.9 and14.5 percent in ACS subjects and 15.7 and 8.4 percent in control subjects, respectively. The genotype frequencies were different significantly between the two groups (x2 = 12.26,P ＜ 0.01;x2 = 14.15,P ＜ 0.01, respectively). No relationship between R279Q polymorphism and ACS was found in this study ( P ＞ 0.05). The multifactor logistic regression analysis showed that the T allele carrier (CT + TT) significantly increased the risk of ACS compared with the CC genotype ( OR = 1.791,95 % CI: 1. 088 - 2.951, P = 0.022) after adjustment for tradition risk factors. The frequencies for CT + TT and CC genotypes of the -1562C ＞ T polymorphism were not statistically different among ACS patients with one, two and three or more significantly diseased vessels ( x2 = 1.15, P = 0.56). Conclusions The findings suggest that the polymorphism in MMP-9 gene promoter (-1562C ＞ T) is associated with the susceptibility to the ACS. The T allele might be an independent risk factor for the ACS. But the -1562C ＞ T polymorphism may not be useful as a predictor of the severity of coronary arterial stenosis. The R279Q polymorphism of MMP-9 gene was not significantly associated with ACS in this studied population.

Objectives To explore the efficacy of CaNa2EDTA in the treatment of chronic moderate lead poisoning, so as to optimize the chelation therapy for lead poisoning in children. Methods The clinical data of 14 patients with chronic moderate lead poisoning treated with CaNa2EDTA for 3 consecutive courses of lead removal during September 2014 to December 2016 were analyzed retrospectively. Twenty-four hour urinary lead levels during hospitalization were analyzed. The changes of blood lead levels before treatment, 3 days, and 5 days after treatment were also analyzed. Results In the 14 children (4 males and 10 females) average age was 2.35±1.47 years. After treatment with CaNa2EDTA for 3 consecutive courses, the blood lead levels were decreased significantly in all the patients, and the blood lead levels at 3 days after treatment were 0.76, 0.77, 0.72 times those at 5 days after treatment respectively. The decrease of blood lead levels per unit of drug in the first 3 days of treatment were significantly higher than those in 5 days of treatment (P<0.05). The decrease of blood lead levels at 3 days after treatment was 0.65, 0.71, 0.70 times , those in 5 days' treatment respectively. The decrease of urine lead levels per unit of drug in the first 3 days of treatment were significantly higher than those in 5 days of treatment (P<0.05). Conclusions CaNa2EDTA has an obvious effect on removal of lead.The efficiency of lead removal in 3 days of treatment was higher than in 5 days of treatment. Thus, a course of treatment for 3 days may be an altenative for a course of 5 days.

Objective To investigate the association between acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and the (GT)n repeat sequence polymorphism in promoter region of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) , and to study the influence of serum bilirubin on AMI as well for HO-1 as a rate-limiting enzyme of bilirubin production in patients from Uighur national minority. Method Totally 287 patients with AMI evidenced by coronary arteriography admitted from January 2006 to June 2008 were eligible for being studied, and another 190 healthy subjects without anomaly in coronary arteriography, and with normal findings in physical examination and in variety of biochemical assays were enrolled as controls. Serum total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), serum bilirubin were detected. Polymerase chain reaction-nondenaturing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis was used to detect HO-1 promoter (GT)n repeat polymorphism, and at the same time the serum bilirubin was determined. The group representation of samples was tested with HardyWeinberg balance test. Differences in distributions of genotypes and alleles between AMI patients and control subjects were analyzed using Chi-square test. Comprehensive evaluation of the factors associated with myocardial infarction using multi-factor Logistic regression analysis. P < 0.05 was considered as significantly different. Results Body mass index, triglyceride, high density lipoprotein cholesterol and the proportion with hypertension in myocardial infarction group was significantly higher than those in control group ( P < 0.01) . The X~2 values of HO-1genotype distribution in the myocardial infarction group and the control group were 2.09 and 0.05, respectively (P > 0.05), consist with the results of Hardy-Weinberg balance test. The HO-1 genotype was classified into three groups, L/L, L/S and S/S. The L/L genotype frequency (35.5%) and L-allele frequency (57.8%) in AMI group and in control group showed statistically significant differences, respectively (X~2 = 11.65, P = 0.001; X~2= 11.32, P = 0.003). The bilirubin level of L/L genotype significantly decreased compared with that of S/S, L/S genotype ( P all < 0. 001) . Logistic regression analysis showed that body mass index, high blood pressure,triglycerides, blood bilirubin and HO-1 gene polymorphism are risk factors of myocardial infarction. Conclusions To the Xinjiang Uighur ethics, HO-1 promoter ( GT) n repeat polymorphism and the occurrence of myocardial infarction are relevant. People with L allele genotype have lower serum bilirubin and higher risk of myocardial infarction.

Objective To establish a stable and feasible animal model of acute cerebral infarction,and to evaluate it with functional magnetic resonance imaging and pathology.Methods Twenty-five S-D rats were randomly divided into five groups,and there were 5 rats in each group.Rats in group A were sham-operated for control study.Unilateral middle cerebral artery occlusion(MCAO) was performed with improved thread in group B,C,D,E and were enrolled for MRI and MRS study at 3,6,12,24 hours after MCAO.All rats were examined by 1-hydrogen magnetic resonance spectroscopy(~1H MRS).Two or three rats in each group were sacrificed for 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride(TTC) staining of the brain and two rats for pathological examination after MRS.Results Rats in group A showed no change in brain on ~1 H MRS or pathological study.~1H MRS of the rat brains after right MCAO showed a decrease of N-acetyl-aspartate(NAA),an increase of Lactate(Lac) in all groups.There was no significant change of Choline(Cho) and Creatine(Cr) peaks onrats in group B,C,D.The peaks of Cho and Cr were slightly dropped in group E.Conclusion The acute regional cerebral ischemic model in rats made by our approach is stable and reproducible,and it is suitable for evaluation and study with functional magnetic resonancespectroscopy accurately and sensitively.

Objective To study prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MS) , it's components and hyperuricemia (HUA) among Kazakh people in Xinjiang Uighur autonomous region, China. Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted among Kazakh people aged 35 years and over in seven prefectures of Xinjiang, including Urumqi, Kelamayi (Karamay) , Fukang, Tulufan (Turpan), Hetian (Hotan) , Aletai (Altay) and Yili during October 2007 to March 2010, with a four-stage cluster sampling, the total sample size were 4094. Through the methods of questionnaire survey, physical examination, biochemical examination and so on, to study prevalence of MS in HUA and it's components by blood biochemical examinations. Results A total of 3915 Kazakh adult people, equal number of men and women, were surveyed, with a response rate of 95. 63 percent. Overall prevalence of HUA was 3. 96 percent( 155/3915 ) , 6.02 percent for men and 2. 03 percent for women(114/1894 and 41/2021) , respectively, with statistically significant difference ( P ＜ 0.05 ). Prevalence of MS was 39.47 percent in those with HUA and 22. 53 percent in those without HUA (45/114 and 401/1780), respectively (P ＜ 0.01). Among women, prevalence of MS was 46. 34 percent in those with HUA and 16. 11 percent in those without HUA( 19/41 and 319/1980), respectively (P＜0. 01). Prevalence of high blood pressure, hypertriglyceridemia, lower blood high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and central obesity were 59.65 percent, 42.11 percent,32.46 percent, 7. 89 percent and 79. 82 percent in those with HUA, respectively, with prevalence of hyperglyceridemia and central obesity significantly higher than in those of non-HUA ( P ＜ 0. 05 ). Among women, prevalence high blood pressure, hypertriglyceridemia, lower blood HDL-C and central obesity were 48.78 percent, 39.02 percent, 41.46 percent, 2.44 percent and 78.05 percent, respectively, in HUA group, with prevalence of hyperglyceridemia, lower blood HDL-cholesterol and central obesity significantly higher than in those of non-HUA ( P ＜ 0. 05 ). Conclusions Prevalence of MS was higher in Kazakh people suffered with HUA than those without HUA, as well as prevalence of components of MS, suggesting that prevention and treatment for HUA is necessary, which can reduce MS and its components in the region.

Objective To investigate the relationship between a novel polymorphism of C5L2 gene and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in Uygur population from Xinjiang region.Methods A novel single nucleotide polymorphism(SNP),698C＞T(P233L) was found using a polymerase chain reaction direct-sequencing method.C5L2 gene 698C ＞ T variant from 252 patients with T2DM and 747 healthy control subjects was detected by polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism.Result Heterozygote carriers of the 698CT genotype were more frequent among T2DM patients than that among controls (0.107 vs 0.036,x2 =18.576,P＜0.01) in the Uygur population. After adjustment of confounding factors such as sex,age,smoking,alcohol consumption,and hypertension,as well as serum levels of triglyceride,total cholesterol,low-density lipoproteincholesterol,and high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol,the difference remained significant ( P＜0.01,OR =3.373,95％ CI 1.736-6.553 ).Conclusion The CT genotype of the C5L2 gene might be a risk factor of T2DM in Uygur nationality population in Xinjiang.

Four-stage selected random samples were used to analyze the prevalence and distributing feature of hyperuricemia and gout in 13 559 Han,Uighur,and Hazakh adults in Xinjiang. The prevalence of hyperuricemia was 11.00%,3.27%,and 3.94% respectively in Han,Uighur,and Hazakh populations,and 1.32%, 0.65%,and 0.70% for gout,with statistically significant difference among three groups(all P＜0.05). No-conditional logistic regression analysis showed that nationality,body mass index,renal function,and serum lipid were risk factors of hyperuricemia,while female and physical activity were protective factors. Eating seafood and animal visceral organs were independent risk factors of hyperuricemia in Han population. Eating animal visceral organs and drinking alcohol were independent risk factors of hyperuricemia in Hazakh population.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the association between the polymorphism of the prostacyclin synthase gene and Uigur patients with myocardial infarction in Xinjiang.

METHODSThree hundred and ten patients with myocardial infarction (MI) and 306 healthy control subjects were detected by polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism. The serum 6-keto-PGF(1alpha ) was detected with radioimmunoassay kit in all subjects.

RESULTSThe genotype distributions of the control group and MI group were in the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium(chi (2)= 0.442, 1.867, P> 0.05). The frequencies of CC, CA and AA were 0.70, 0.26 and 0.03 in the MI group and 0.62, 0.32 and 0.06 in the controls. There was significant difference in frequencies of CC genotype and C allele but no difference in frequencies of CA and AA genotypes between the controls and the MI cases. There was significant difference in serum 6-keto-PGF(1alpha ) level between the MI group and control group (P< 0.05), as well as among the three genotypes (P< 0.05). In the cases with CC genotype the serum 6-keto-PGF(1alpha ) level was lower than that of others (P< 0.05).

CONCLUSIONThe CC genotype and C allele of the prostacyclin synthase gene might be a risk factor of MI in Uigur population in Xinjiang, which may lead to the decreased serum 6-keto-PGF(1alpha ) level.

6-Ketoprostaglandin F1 alpha ; blood ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; genetics ; Base Sequence ; Case-Control Studies ; Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System ; genetics ; Ethnic Groups ; genetics ; Exons ; genetics ; Female ; Gene Frequency ; Genotype ; Humans ; Intramolecular Oxidoreductases ; genetics ; Logistic Models ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Myocardial Infarction ; blood ; genetics ; Polymorphism, Genetic