ObjectiveTo explore the surgical methods and its efficacy on severe chronic obstructive pneumonia disease (COPD) with spontaneous pneumothorax.MethodsClinical features and surgical efficacies of 16 cases of severe COPD were analyzed.Results No death occurred and all patients recovered and discharged.The lung function index including subjective symptoms,motor ability and endurance in 14 cases showed obvious improvement compared with those before combination of pneumothorax.Two patients improved to the level before surgery.ConclusionThe lung function index of patients with severe COPD and pnumothorax can be relatively less restricted and open-chest surgery should be performed as soon as possible.Linear nailing and simple lung volume reduction surgery are recommended to improve lung function,shorten operation time and reduce surgical risks.

Objective To explore the clinical features,laboratory test results,diagnosis,treatment and prognosis of patients with anti-N-methyl-D-aspartic acid receptor (NMDAR) encephalitis.Methods A retrospectives analysis of clinical characteristics,laboratory test,treatment and prognosis of 3 patients with NMDRA encephalitis,admitted to our hospital from February 2012 to November 2014,was performed in our study.Results The most predominant symptoms of 3 patients with anti-NMDAR encephalitis included fever,psychiatric behavioral disturbances,seizures,orofacial dyskinesias and movement disorders and autonomic dysfunction.One patient had immature ovarian teratoma and one had mature mediastinal teratoma.Anti-NMDAR antibody was positive in serum and cerebrospinal fluid of two patients with teratoma,and anti-NMDAR antibody was positive in cerebrospinal fluid and negative in serum of one patient without tumour;all three patients showed abnormal electroencephalography,and 2 had increased signal on MR imaging T2 sequences or fluid-attenuated inversion.Patients were responsive to early immunotherapy and tumour resection.Conclusion The patient with NMDAR encephalitis presented with characteristic clinical manifestations;detection of anti-NMDAR antibody in serum and cerebrospinal fluid may be important for early diagnosis;early immunotherapy and tumour resection are effective for patients with NMDAR encephalitis.

Objective To determine whether the apoptosis of PC12 cells induced by MPP+ can be protected when the activity of cyclin-dependent kinase 5(CDK5)/p25 is inhibited specifically by TFP5.Methods The 100 μg/L of beta nerve growth factor (β-NGF) was used to induce PCI2 cells differentiating into dopaminergic neurons in vitro.Different concentrations of MPP+ (0,100,200,300,400,600,800 and 1000 μmol/L) were added to the cells;CCK8 assay was used to determine the cell activities and adequate concentration of MPP+.After induction,four groups were designed:PBS and PBS group,MPP+ and PBS group,MPP+ and TFP5 group,and MPP+ and Roscovitine group.Pretreatment of TFP5 and Roscovitne for 12 h was given to the MPP+ and TFP5 group and MPP+ and Roscovitine group,respectively.Hochest33258 staining and flow cytometry were used to detect the cell apoptosis.Western blotting was used to detect the protein expressions ofp35/25,caspase3,cleaved caspase3.Results CCK8 assay showed that the survival rate of PC12 cells was (64.84±1.58)％ when the MPP+ concentration was 300 μmol/L.Flow cytometry indicated significant differences in the apoptosis rate between different groups,which was the highest in MPP+ and PBS group ([25.61±2.74]％),following by MPP+ and TFP5 group ([13.33±1.24]％),MPP+ and Roscovitine group ([9.94±1.70]％),and PBS and PBS group ([8.68±0.21]％);significant difference was noted between MPP+ and TFP5 group and MPP+ and Roscovitine group (P＜0.05).Hochest33258 staining indicated the most obvious nucleus condensation and fragmentation and more apoptotic bodies in MPP+ and PBS group,While few apoptotic bodies were found in MPP+ and TFP5 group and MPP+ and Roscovitine group.Western blotting showed that as compared with that in the PBS and PBS group,the p25 protein level in the MPP+ and PBS group,MPP+ and TFP5 group,and MPP+ and Roscovitine group was significantly increased (P＜0.05).The cleaved caspase-3 protein expression in the MPP+ and PBS group was significantly higher than that in the PBS and PBS group (P＜0.05);the cleaved caspase-3 protein expression in the MPP+ and PBS group was significantly higher than that in the MPP+ and TFP5 group (P＜0.05).Conclusion TFP5 has protective effect against the apoptosis of PC12 cells induced by MPP+ through inhibiting the CDK5/p25 expression and reducing the cleaved caspase-3 protein production.

Objective To identify the risk factors of the incidence rate of initial poor graft function (IPGF)in recipients after living donor liver transplantation. Methods Clinical data of 309 patients undergoing living donor liver transplantation were retrospectively analyzed. Candidate risk factors:(1 )donor factors included age,gender and body mass index (BMI);(2)recipient factors included age,gender,BMI and preoperative Child-Pugh classification,model for end-stage liver disease (MELD)grading,preoperative renal insufficiency,serum total bilirubin elevation,hyponatremia and hypopotassaemia;(3)graft factors included graft cold ischemia time,graft recipient weight ratio (GRWR);(4)recipient surgery factors included total operation time,blood loss volume,blood transfusion volume,platelet transfusion and anhepatic phase≥1 00 min. Single factor analysis was performed to identify the potential risk factors of IPGF. Logistic regression analysis was conducted to explore independent risk factors. Results and Conclusions Child-Pugh C of preoperative recipient liver function,MELD score≥20,serum total bilirubin elevation(>68. 4μmol/L),hyponatremia(<1 35 mmol/L), hypopotassaemia (<3. 5 mmol/L)and anhepatic phase≥1 00 min were potential risk factors of IPGF (all P<0. 05 ). Child-Pugh C of preoperative recipient liver function was an independent risk factor of the incidence rate of IPGF following living donor liver transplantation (P=0. 01 9).

Urinary tract infection (UTI) is one of the most common infectious diseases. It has the characteristics of high recurrence rate and prolonged course. At present, the problem of antibiotic resistance is becoming more and more serious, the incidence of adverse reactions is high, and the disadvantages of long-term administration appear, which brings severe challenges to the treatment of recurrent urinary tract infection. The prevention and treatment of UTI recurrence has become the focus of research. Recurrent urinary tract infection is related to the immune regulation mechanism of the body. Administration of immune regulation can provide new ideas for prevention and treatment. The vaccine based on immune regulation to prevent rUTI has made some progress. It can not only reduce the frequency of recurrences, but also decrease related symptoms. At the same time, the vaccine has good tolerance, high safety and good application prospect. This paper aims to summarize the progress of immune regulation and immune vaccines in vivo and clinical research.

【Objective】 To learn the production efficient of platelet components among prefecture-level blood stations in China, to provide supporting data for those blood stations to optimize the production mode of platelet components and continuously improve production efficiency and supply capacity. 【Methods】 The data from 2017 to 2020 was obtained from 24 prefecture-level blood stations who were the members of the practice comparison network for blood institutes in China. The collection units of apheresis platelets, the number of dual-collections of apheresis platelets and plasma, the average apheresis units of one platelet apheresis procedure, the discarded rate of apheresis platelets, the amount of expired apheresis platelets and the amount of apheresis platelets issued were collected. For concentrated platelets, the prepared amount of platelet concentrates and the amount of expired platelet concentrates were collected; both the quantity of qualified and issued concentrated platelets were submitted for statistical analysis.The total output and efficiency of platelet components were calculated based on the collected data. 【Results】 The average annual growth rate of apheresis platelets collection in 24 prefecture-level blood stations was 12.23%, accounting for 99.80% of the total platelet output; the average collection unit of one platelets apheresis procedure was 1.75; from 2019 to 2020, only 5 blood stations performed dual-collection of platelet and plasma during one apheresis procedure; the discarded rate of apheresis platelets was 0.28%, of which 0.007% was due to expiration. A total of 1 621.2 therapeutic units of concentrated platelets were prepared, and 13.03% of them was discarded due to the expiration. The production efficiency of platelet components was 97.56%, of which the production efficiency of apheresis platelets was 97.61% and the production efficiency of concentrated platelets was 74.43%. 【Conclusion】 There are large regional differences in the supply capacity of platelet components in prefecture-level blood stations. Apheresis platelets are the main resource of platelet components product, and the collection capacity is increasing over the years with the characteristics of high production efficiency and low expiration scrapping rate. However, the preparation of concentrated platelets are still limited with relatively low production and high expiration discarded rate.

Objective:To summarize the patient profiles and therapeutic efficacies of ABO-incompatible living-related kidney transplantations at 19 domestic transplant centers and provide rationales for clinical application of ABOi-KT.Methods:Clinical cases of ABO-incompatible/compatible kidney transplantation (ABOi-KT/ABOc-KT) from December 2006 to December 2009 were collected. Then, statistical analyses were conducted from the aspects of tissue matching, perioperative managements, complications and survival rates of renal allograft or recipients.Results:Clinical data of 342 ABOi-KT and 779 ABOc-KT indicated that (1) no inter-group differences existed in age, body mass index (BMI), donor-recipient relationship or waiting time of pre-operative dialysis; (2) ABO blood type: blood type O recipients had the longest waiting list and transplantations from blood type A to blood type O accounted for the largest proportion; (3) HLA matching: no statistical significance existed in mismatch rate or positive rate of PRA I/II between two types of surgery; (4) CD20 should be properly used on the basis of different phrases; (5) hemorrhage was a common complication during an early postoperative period and microthrombosis appeared later; (6) no difference existed in postoperative incidence of complications or survival rate of renal allograft and recipients at 1/3/5/10 years between ABOi-KT and ABOc-KT. The acute rejection rate and serum creatinine levels of ABOi-KT recipients were comparable to those of ABOc-KT recipients within 1 year.Conclusions:ABOi-KT is both safe and effective so that it may be applied at all transplant centers as needed.

【Objective】 To understand the current situation of blood components distribution in domestic prefecture-level blood stations through analyzing the components distribution data of 24 prefecture-level blood stations in China. 【Methods】 The data of components distribution of 24 blood stations from 2017 to 2020 as well as the data of blood deployment of 24 blood stations from 2019 to 2020 were collected and analyzed. 【Results】 From 2017 to 2020, positive annual growth in red blood cells, plasma and cryoprecipitate was observed in 22, 19 and 15 out of the 24 blood stations, and the annual growth median rate of above three components was 5.24%, 3.80% and 3.25%, respectively. Among the 24 prefecture-level blood stations, 23 carried out the preparation of cryoprecipitate. 【Conclusion】 The distribution of red blood cells, cryoprecipitate and plasma in prefecture-level blood stations is increasing year by year. However, there is a overstock of plasma, and most blood stations need blood employment.

【Objective】 To study the annual financial expenditure in blood stations with different scales, and to establish the regression equation between blood collection units and total expenditure. 【Methods】 The annual total expenditure, the per capita cost of serving population, as well as the collection units of whole blood and apheresis platelet of 24 blood stations were collected. The financial expenditure required for collecting 10 000U blood was calculated.The statistical analysis was carried out with SPSS statistical software. 【Results】 From 2017 to 2020, the total annual financial expenditure of 24 blood stations showed an upward trend. The total expenditure among blood stations was different. The per capita cost of servicing population in the areas where the 24 blood stations were located had been increasing year by year. The 24 blood stations were divided into two grades according to the blood collection volume as 50 000 U, and the relationship equation between the blood collection volume and the annual total expenditure had been established. After testing, each equation was effective(P<0.05); There was no difference in the financial expenditure required for collecting 10 000U blood among blood stations with different scales. 【Conclusion】 From 2017 to 2020, the blood stations with an annual collection volume more than 50 000 U demonstrated a higher financial expenditure and the per capita cost of serving population than those <50 000 U. The blood collection volume of blood stations is significantly correlated with the annual total expenditure and the per capita cost of serving population.

Objective: To construct and identify a mouse model with conditional knockout (cKO) of p75 neurotrophin receptor (p75NTR-cKO) gene in epidermis cells by Cre-loxP system. Methods: Five p75NTR^flox/flox transgenic C57BL/6J mice (aged 6-8 weeks, male and female unlimited, the age and sex of mice used for reproduction were the same below) and five keratin 14 promotor-driven (KRT14-) Cre^{+ /-} transgenic C57BL/6J mice were bred and hybridized via Cre-loxP system. Five p75NTR^flox/+ ·KRT14-Cre^{+ /-} mice selected from the first generation of mice were mated with five p75NTR^flox/flox mice to obtain the second generation hybrids. After the second generation mice were born 20-25 days, the parts of the mice tail were cut off to identify the genotype by polymerase chain reaction method. Four p75NTR gene complete cKO mice (6 weeks old) and 4 wild-type mice (6 weeks old) were selected and sacrificed respectively. The abdominal skin tissue and brain tissue were excised to observe the expression of p75NTR in the two tissue of two types of mice by immunohistochemical staining. The abdominal skin tissue of two types of mice was obtained to observe the histomorphological changes by hematoxylin and eosin staining. Results: (1) Twenty second generation mice were bred. The genotype of 4 mice was p75NTR^flox/flox·KRT14-Cre^{+ /-}(p75NTR^-/-), i. e. p75NTR gene complete cKO mice; the genotype of 5 mice was p75NTR^flox/+ ·KRT14-Cre^{+ /-}, i. e. p75NTR gene partial cKO mice; the genotype of 5 mice was p75NTR^flox/flox·KRT14-Cre^-/-, and that of 6 mice was p75NTR^flox/+ ·KRT14-Cre^-/-, all of which were wild-type mice. (2) The expression of p75NTR was negative in skin epidermis tissue of p75NTR gene complete cKO mice, while numerous p75NTR positive expression was observed in skin epidermis tissue of wild-type mice. Abundant p75NTR positive expression was observed in brain tissue of both wild-type mice and p75NTR gene complete cKO mice. (3) There was no abnormal growth of skin epidermis tissue in both wild-type mice and p75NTR gene complete cKO mice, with intact hair follicle structure. Conclusions Applying Cre-loxP system can successfully construct a p75NTR-cKO mice model in epidermis cells without obvious changes in skin histomorphology.