Objective:To explore the value of 18F-deoxyglucose (FDG) PET and high resolution CT (HRCT) combined prediction model in the identification of invasiveness of early lung adenocarcinoma with consolidation-to-tumor ratio (CTR)≤0.5. Methods:A retrospective analysis was performed on 91 patients with early lung adenocarcinoma with CTR≤0.5 who underwent PET/CT and HRCT before surgery in the Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University from October 2011 to October 2019, including 110 ground-glass nodules (GGNs). According to the pathological subtypes, they were divided into preinvasive-minimally invasive adenocarcinoma (MIA) group ( n=22) and invasive adenocarcinoma (IAC) group ( n=88). The image feature parameters of GGNs of the two groups were compared, and the HRCT model and PET-HRCT combined model were constructed using Logistic regression analysis. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was used to compare the diagnostic efficacy of different models. The Bootstrap resampling (times = 500) method was used for internal verification of the model, and we also performed interaction and hierarchical analysis on the model. Results:The proportions of mixed GGN, irregular shape, lobulation sign, dilated/distorted/cutoff bronchial sign, pleural indentation and vascular convergence in IAC group were significantly higher than those in preinvasive-MIA group (all P<0.05). Nodule diameter, solid component diameter, solid component ratio, CT value of ground glass attenuation component (CT GGO), and SUVindex of the IAC group were larger than those of the preinvasive-MIA group, and the differences were statistically significant ( P<0.001). Among the quantitative parameters of HRCT, CT GGO had the best diagnostic efficacy (AUC=0.775), with a sensitivity of 0.580 and a specificity of 0.909. The diagnostic efficacy of HRCT model and PET-HRCT combined model were better than CT GGO (AUC: 0.907 vs. 0.775, 0.931 vs. 0.775; P=0.027, 0.002, respectively), but the diagnostic efficacy of the former two was not statistically different ( P=0.210).When the specificity was 0.909, the sensitivity of the HRCT model and the PET-HRCT model (0.784 and 0.875, respectively) were significantly higher than that of the CT GGO (0.580), and the combined PET-HRCT model had a more significant increase in sensitivity. The PET-HRCT combined model showed no significant interaction between different nodule types, between groups with or without pleural indentation, and among nodule diameter subgroups (all P>0.05). Conclusion:PET-HRCT combined model has a good predictive value for the invasiveness of early lung adenocarcinoma with CTR≤0.5, and it can be used for GGN risk stratification to guide clinical decision-making.

Objective:To construct and verify of the predictive models for pathologic invasion of early lung adenocarcinoma with ground glass nodules (GGNs) based on 18F-FDG PET/CT. Methods:A retrospective analysis was conducted on 149 patients (44 males, 105 females; age (61.1±8.9) years) with pre-invasive lesions/minimally invasive adenocarcinoma (MIA) and invasive adenocarcinoma (IAC) confirmed by pathology after surgery in the First People′s Hospital of Changzhou from October 2011 to October 2019. All patients underwent PET/CT for GGNs. GGNs were randomly divided into a modeling group and validation group with the proportion of 1∶1. Mann-Whitney U test or χ2 test was used to compare the qualitative morphological characteristics (shape, edge characteristics, etc.), quantitative parameters (consolidation-to-tumor ratio, attenuation value of the ground glass opacity (GGO) component on CT (CT GGO), etc.) and quantitative functional parameters (SUV max and SUV index(GGNs SUV max/liver SUV mean) of pre-invasive lesions/MIA and IAC. Logistic regression analysis was used to construct the models, and the ROC curve was used to verify the models′ robustness. Different AUCs were compared by Delong test. Results:A total of 170 GGNs were removed by surgery and confirmed pathologically. In the modeling group ( n=89), the proportion of mixed GGNs, irregular shape, edge characteristics, bronchiectasis/twist/truncation sign, GGNs maximum diameter and solid component maximum diameter, consolidation-to-tumor ratio, CT GGO, SUV max and SUV index in IAC group were significantly higher than those in pre-invasive/MIA group ( χ2 values: 5.00-23.40, z values: from -6.53 to -2.70, all P<0.05). Models 1-3 were constructed based on the qualitative parameters (GGNs type, edge characteristics), quantitative parameters (CT GGO, SUV index), combined qualitative and quantitative parameters (GGNs type, edge characteristics, SUV index) of PET/CT, respectively, and the AUCs of ROC were 0.896, 0.880 and 0.931 in the modeling group, respectively. And the AUC of model 2 was not decreased significantly in the validation group ( n=81; AUC=0.802; z=0.81, P=0.417). Conclusion:The model combined with morphological and functional quantitative parameters of 18F-FDG PET/CT can effectively predict the pathological invasion of early lung adenocarcinoma, and the constructed model is robust.

Objective:To investigate the correlation between the SUV index (SUV max of the lesion/SUV mean of the liver) in 18F-FDG PET/CT imaging and the invasiveness of early lung adenocarcinoma presenting as ground-glass nodule (GGN). Methods:From January 2012 to March 2020, 167 GGN patients (49 males, 118 females; age: (61.5±9.0) years) with early lung adenocarcinoma who underwent PET/CT imaging in Changzhou First People′s Hospital were retrospectively enrolled. The image parameters including the GGN number, location, type, edge, shape, abnormal bronchus sign, vacuole sign, pleural depression, vessel convergence sign, GGN diameter ( DGGN), solid component diameter ( Dsolid), consolidation to tumor ratio (CTR, Dsolid/ DGGN), CT values (CT value of ground-glass opacity (CT GGO), CT value of lung parenchyma (CT LP), ΔCT GGO-LP (CT GGO-CT LP)) and SUV index were analyzed. Single and multivariate logistic regressions were used to analyze the correlation between SUV index and infiltration. The generalized additive model was used for curve fitting, and the piece-wise regression model was used to further explain the nonlinearity. Results:In 189 GGNs, invasive adenocarcinoma accounted for 85.2% (161/189). Single logistic regression showed that the GGN number, type, shape, edge, abnormal bronchus sign, pleural depression, vessel convergence sign, DGGN, Dsolid, CTR, CT GGO, ΔCT GGO-LP and SUV index were related factors of infiltration (odds ratio ( OR) values: 0.396-224.083, P<0.001 or P<0.05). After fully adjusting for confounding factors, SUV index was significantly correlated with increased risk of invasion ( OR=2.162 (95% CI: 1.191-3.923), P=0.011). Curve fitting showed that the SUV index was non-linearly related to the risk of infiltration, and the risk of infiltration increased significantly only when the SUV index was greater than 0.43 ( OR=3.509 (95% CI: 1.429-8.620), P=0.006). The correlation between SUV index and infiltration had no interaction between age, vacuoles, pleural depression and CTR subgroups (all P>0.05). Conclusions:SUV index is an independent factor related to the invasiveness of early lung adenocarcinoma. The higher the SUV index, the greater the risk of invasion; but the two are not simply linearly correlated.

Diabetes, obesity, and metabolic diseases are globally prevalent, and induction and increase of endogenous energy consumption, especially activation of brown adipose tissue (BAT), is a new therapeutic target. Non-invasive imaging techniques, including radionuclide imaging, MRI, ultrasound imaging, and optical imaging, have attracted wide attention in BAT monitoring and have good application prospects. This article reviews the progress and application of these imaging techniques in BAT monitoring.

Objective:To investigate the clinical and radiological outcomes of ultrasound guided injection of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) in the treatment of intratendinous rotator cuff tear.Methods:A retrospective study was conducted to analyze the clinical data of 43 patients (46 shoulders) who had been treated for intratendinous partial-thickness rotator cuff tear by ultrasound guided injection of PRP consecutively from July 2021 to March 2022 at Department of Sports Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital. There were 23 males and 20 females, with an age of (47.8±13.5) years and a course of disease of 6 (4, 18) months, involving 22 left shoulders and 24 right shoulders. The visual analog scale (VAS) pain score, the University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA) rating scale, and the shoulder index of the American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons (ASES) were determined before injection and at the last follow-up. The changes in tear size were also evaluated by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) before PRP injection and 3 to 5 months after PRP injection.Results:The 43 patients were followed up for 15 (12, 17) months after treatment. Of this cohort, 7 shoulders (15.2%, 7/46) were recovered to complete normal and very satisfied with the injection effects while 19 shoulders(41.3%, 19/46) satisfied with the effects after injection, yielding an overall satisfaction rate of 56.5% (26/46). At the last follow-up, the VAS score [3.0 (2.0, 4.0) points], ASES score [80.0 (65.0, 88.8) points], and UCLA score [29.0 (20.0, 32.0) points] were significantly improved compared with those before injection [5.5 (4.0, 8.0) points, 55.0 (39.2, 65.0) points, and 16.0 (12.0, 20.3) points] ( P < 0.05). MRI evaluation showed the tear volume was significantly reduced after PRP injection [46.1 (20.9, 77.5) mm 3 before injection versus 28.2 (12.5, 63.6) mm 3 after injection] ( P<0.05), and a >50% tear volume diminution was observed in 13 shoulders (34.2%,13/38). There were no complications during or after injection. Conclusion:As the ultrasound guided injection of PRP into intratendinous lesions is effective and safe for patients with intratendinous partial-thickness rotator cuff tear, it can be an alternative treatment for the patients or professional athletes who are unwilling to undergo surgery.

OBJECTIVE: To review the research progress of the biomechanical study of the Bristow-Latarjet procedure for anterior shoulder dislocation. METHODS: The related biomechanical literature of Bristow-Latarjet procedure for anterior shoulder dislocation was extensively reviewed and summarized. RESULTS: The current literature suggests that when performing Bristow-Latarjet procedure, care should be taken to fix the bone block edge flush with the glenoid in the sagittal plane in the direction where the rupture of the joint capsule occurs. If traditional screw fixation is used, a double-cortical screw fixation should be applied, while details such as screw material have less influence on the biomechanical characteristics. Cortical button fixation is slightly inferior to screws in terms of biomechanical performance. The most frequent site of postoperative bone resorption is the proximal-medial part of the bone block, and the cause of bone resorption at this site may be related to the stress shielding caused by the screw. CONCLUSION There is no detailed standardized guidance for bone block fixation. The optimal clinical treatment plan for different degrees of injury, the factors influencing postoperative bone healing and remodeling, and the postoperative osteoarticular surface pressure still need to be further clarified by high-quality biomechanical studies.
Humans ; Shoulder Dislocation/surgery* ; Shoulder Joint/surgery* ; Biomechanical Phenomena ; Joint Instability/surgery* ; Bone Resorption ; Arthroscopy/methods*