0 05) The overall incidence of adverse effects was between 12 9% and 28 8% There were no significant differences between these two groups Rivastigmine had no influence on vital signs and laboratory indexes Conclusion Rivastigmine may significantly improve the symptoms of the patient with AD and have a good safety and tolerability,being an ideal choice in treating AD

During last decade, gold nanoparticled (AuNPs)-based assays have been well-developed and widely used in biological analysis and biomedical detection because AuNPs have unique physical and chemical properties which depend on the size, shape and degree of aggregation.The AuNPs-based assays have already been employed for detecting practical samples with high simplicity and selectivity.This review discusses the recently development of the synthesis and biological molecular functionalisation of AuNPs and their applications on the heavy metallic cations, small organic compounds, nucleic acids and proteins detection and cellular analysis.

A gold nanoparticle ( GNP)-based dynamic light scattering ( DLS) assay has been developed for detecting mercury ion ( Hg2+) in aqueous solution. The GNPs are able to maintain monodisperse state in relative high ionic strength ( 0. 1 mol/L NaCl ) aqueous solution because Hg2+ aptamer 5’-TTTCTTCTTTCTTCCCCCCTTGTTTGTTGTTT-3’( Probe DNA ) can adsorb on the GNP surface by electrostatic interaction. In the presence of Hg2+, the Probe DNA molecules easily desorb from GNP surface because of T-Hg2+-T formation. The unprotected GNPs form aggregates in 100 mmol/L NaCl solution, resulting in increased significantly the average hydrodynamic diameter of GNPs. Under the conditions of pH 7. 43, 110 nmol/L aptamer, 100 mmol/L NaCl and 30 minutes incubation time of Hg2+with aptamer, the difference of average hydrodynamic diameter (△D ) of GNPs was increased linearly with logarithm of Hg2+concentration over the range from 0. 1 nmol/L to 5 μmol/L, with a detection limit of 0. 1 nmol/L. Moreover, satisfactory results were obtained when the proposed method was applied to detect Hg2+ in real samples.

Clinical data of 23 patients with T2a bladder cancer admitted from March 2008 to August 2013 were retrospectively analyzed.Among 23 patients,11 cases were treated with transurethral resection (TURBT) plus arterial catheterization chemotherapy (study group) and 12 cases were treated with radical cystectomy (control group).The overall survival time and recurrence free survival time of two groups were compared.Patients in study group were followed up for 20-68 months,recurrence occurred in 5 cases (5/11),including 4 cases of invasive recurrence;patients in control group were followed up for 2 ～86 months,1 case had superficial recurrent and underwent TURBT,2 cases dead due to bladder tumor.During the course of chemotherapy,the main adverse effects were digestive reaction (7/11),fever (4/11),bone marrow suppression (2/11),symptomatic treatment was given,which was tolerated.There were no significant differences in overall survival time and recurrence free survival time between two groups (P ＞ 0.05).The quality of life of study group was better than that of control group (P ＜ 0.05).It is suggested that the arterial interventional chemotherapy combined with transurethral resection for T2a stage invasive bladder cancer has a certain curative effect with the advantage of preservation of bladder function and higher quality of life.

Two hundred and twenty five children aged 4-12 years with phimosis were treated by flexible dilatation combined with topical betamethasone cream from January 2003 to January 2015.Two hundred and eight cases (92.44％) were completely cured and penile edema and urination were returned to normal 7 d after a single operation;while,17 children received 2-3 additional flexible expansion.During follow-up of 2-24 months,221 children achieved the cure standards with an overall cure rate of 98.22％.Flexible dilatation combined with topical betamethasone cream is effective modality for phimosis in children,with less surgical trauma and low complication rate.

Objective To study the offactory function test in Parkinson' s disease(PD), in order to promote the diagnosis of the PD. Methods Subjects included 95 middle-aged volunteers and 37 Pdpatients. A subjective olfactometry with T&T olfactometer was performed in all volunteers and patients.Olfactory event related potentials with isoamyl acetate were obtained in all volunteers and patients. Results The T&T olfactometer Results for the 2 sides were 4.6±1.1,4.4±1.2 in PD patients older than 70 years old and 3.9±1.7, 4.0±1.7 in those, respectively; while the data were 0.4±0.9,0.4±0.9 in volunteers older than 70 years, were 0.5±0.8,0.5±0.8 younger than 70 years old. There was a significant differencein T&T olfactometer Results between PD and volunteers (t=15.246,15.378,8.664,8.776, P<0.01). TheP2 latencies were respectively (734.9±143.2), (696.1±165.9) ms for the 2 sides in PD older than 70years, and (730.5±159.4), (719.5±159.2) ms in PD younger than 70 years;while they were (547.9±65.0), (558.5±56.3) ms, and (523.3±61.9), (526.8±62.0) ms in volunteers younger than 70 years.There was a significant difference in P2 latency between PD and volunteers (t = -3.940, -3.750,- 7. 514, - 8.205,P<0.01). Conclusions Olfactory dysfunction is an important index in PD. Olfactory function test is an useful method in the diagnosis of PD.

Objective To explore the efficacy and the safety of clinical trials of pemetrexed combined with carboplatin and gemcitabine with carboplatin in treating advanced NSCLC of the elderly patients.Methods A total of one hundred and twenty-eight elderly patients with advanced NSCLC were randomly divided into two groups(n=64).The PC group in which patients were treated with pemetrexed combined with carboplatin,and the GC group in which patients were treated with gemcitabine combined with carboplatin.The effects and the safety were assessed by the following indexes, treatment efficiency,side effects,LCSS. Results The treatment efficiency of the PC group and the GC group were 34.38% and 31.25% after chemotherapy.The difference was no statistically significant between two groups.The difference of LCSS was no statistically significant between two groups.Except hair loss,the incidences of nausea and vomiting,leukopenia,thrombocytopenia and neurotoxicity (grade III-IV )in the PC group (6.25%,3.13%,4.67%,7.81%)were significant lower than those in the GC group(17.18%,20.31%,15.63%,18.75%)(P<0.05).The 1-year and 2-year survival rates of the PC and GC groups were 46.2% VS 46.8% and 13.3% VS 12.5%,respectively,with a median survival of 12.1 VS 1 1.3 months,without a statistically significant difference between two groups.Conclusion PC and GC show similar efficacy for elderly NSCLC patients,however,the toxicities in PC patients are lower than those in GC patients.Thus,pemetrexed combined with carboplatin is an effective therapeutic regimen for advanced NSCLC in elderly patients.

A peptide microarray-based fluorescence and resonance light scattering ( RLS ) two readout assay was developed for screening thrombin inhibitors in blood samples. In this assay, the biotinylated peptide microarray was used as the platform. The peptide C-terminal fragments carried biotin sites departed from the slide when the biotinylated peptides were digested by thrombin hydrolysis reaction. The hydrolysis progress was labeled by fluorescence and 30 nm peptide-stabilized gold nanoparticles through the biotin-avidin reaction. In the presence of thrombin inhibitors, the hydrolysis reactions were blocked, and the inhibition capability of inhibitors could be detected by the fluorescent and RLS signal changes. The order of the half maximal inhibitory concentration ( IC50 ) of thrombin inhibitors in pure thrombin solution and spiked human serum were argatrobanHAT-Ⅲ>trypsin inhibitor>E-64>AEBSF. The reversible or irreversible characters of argatroban and HAT-Ⅲ had been estimated in human plasma. Compared with the experimental data of fluorescent and RLS assay in blood sample, the RLS assay labeled by 30 nm gold nanoparticles are more suitable for the inhibitor detection in complicated blood sample.

Objective To observe the effects of limited fluid resuscitation (LFR) on immune function and inflammatory mediators in patients with multiple bone fracturescomplicated with traumatic hemorrhagic shock. Methods One hundred and two patients with multiple bone fractures complicated with traumatic hemorrhagic shock admitted to the Affiliated Hospital of Medical College of Ningbo University from January 2014 to June 2016 were enrolled, and they were divided into a LFR group and a early sufficient routine fluid resuscitation (RFR) group by random number table, each group 51 cases. After admission, the patients in the two groups underwent bandaging and hemostasis at the traumatic sites and preoperative management was prepared. The patients in RFR group were treated with early sufficient RFR, while LFR group was treated with LFR. The changes of hematocrit (HCT), blood platelet count (PLT), prothrombin time (PT), blood lactic acid and immune cells, inflammatory mediators and micro RNA-155 (miR-155) were observed in patients of the two groups at 4 hours after resuscitation.Results Compared with RFR group, the resuscitation time (hours: 3.67±1.45 vs. 5.14±1.61), levels of PT (s: 11.43±2.21 vs. 15.73±2.52), serum lactic acid (mmol/L: 3.35±0.15 vs. 3.81±0.25), tumour necrosis factor-α [TNF-α (ng/L): 14.10±3.39 vs. 16.28±3.47], interleukin [IL-10 (ng/L): 31.43±10.51 vs. 40.09±13.23, IL-6 (ng/L): 490.10±55.13 vs. 610.30±63.15] and endothelin-1 [ET-1 (pg/L): 183.35±30.51 vs. 250.01±31.23] in LFR group were significantly decreased (allP < 0.01), while PLT (×109/L: 134.58±28.13 vs. 108.12±30.35), HCT (×10-2: 0.34±0.04 vs. 0.24±0.05), miR-155 (0.15±0.02 vs. 0.08±0.02) and CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cell [CD4+CD25+Treg (×10-2): 2.28±0.47 vs. 2.10±0.39] in LFR group were obviously increased (allP < 0.01).Conclusions Using LFR in the emergency treatment of patients with multiple bone fractures complicated with traumatic hemorrhagic shock can effectively shorten the resuscitation time, regulate the patients' coagulation function, reduce the unnecessary excessive liquid infusion, improve immune status and decrease the degree of inflammatory reaction.