Objective To investigate the incidence and clinicopathologic significance of MSI in breast caner.Methods 40 paired sporadic invasive breast cancer were collected.Genomic DNA was extracted from live sample.Twelve microsatellites on chromosomes 2p,3p,5q,6q,16q,17q were amplified for MSI,respectively,by polymerase chain reaction(PCR)with designed primers and detecting after polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis.Results MSI in 15 out of 40(35%)of the carcinomas were observed.There was no MSI in benign hyperplasia.MSI was mainly located at D3S1766,D2S2739 and TP53 in the breast cancer.The incidence rate of MSI in breast cancer is associated with the degree of carcinoma differentiation.Conclusions Microsatellite instability might play a role in the early stage during multistep breast carcinogenesis.MSI indicated poor histologic differentiation in breast carcinoma.D3S1766,D2S2739 and TP53 might be the sensitive sites to detect MSI in breast carcinoma transformation.

Allergic rhinitis (AR) is a global health problem that causes major illnesses and disabilities worldwide. Epidemiologic studies have demonstrated that the prevalence of AR has increased progressively over the last few decades in more developed countries and currently affects up to 40% of the population worldwide. Likewise, a rising trend of AR has also been observed over the last 2–3 decades in developing countries including China, with the prevalence of AR varying widely in these countries. A survey of self-reported AR over a 6-year period in the general Chinese adult population reported that the standardized prevalence of adult AR increased from 11.1% in 2005 to 17.6% in 2011. An increasing number of original articles and imporclinical trials on the epidemiology, pathophysiologic mechanisms, diagnosis, management and comorbidities of AR in Chinese subjects have been published in international peer-reviewed journals over the past 2 decades, and substantially added to our understanding of this disease as a global problem. Although guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of AR in Chinese subjects have also been published, they have not been translated into English and therefore not generally accessible for reference to non-Chinese speaking international medical communities. Moreover, methods for the diagnosis and treatment of AR in China have not been standardized entirely and some patients are still treated according to regional preferences. Thus, the present guidelines have been developed by the Chinese Society of Allergy to be accessible to both national and international medical communities involved in the management of AR patients. These guidelines have been prepared in line with existing international guidelines to provide evidence-based recommendations for the diagnosis and management of AR in China.
Adult ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group* ; China ; Comorbidity ; Developed Countries ; Developing Countries ; Diagnosis* ; Epidemiologic Studies ; Epidemiology ; Global Health ; Humans ; Hypersensitivity* ; Prevalence ; Rhinitis, Allergic*

Humans ; Adult ; Serum Albumin, Human ; Consensus ; Cardiac Surgical Procedures ; Thoracic Surgery