OBJECTIVE To investigate the risk factors of postoperative nosocomial infection in esophageal cancer patients,and to provide evidences for controlling nosocomial infection.METHODS The data of 466 cases with esophageal cancer,from Jan 2002 to Dec 2005,were studied retrospectively.RESULTS The nosocomial infection rate of patients with esophageal cancer was 21.03%.The main locations of infection were operation incision,lower respiratory tract and thorax.The nosocomial infection rate had increasing trend as lengthening the hospitalization duration.CONCLUSIONS The nosocomial infection with esophageal cancer is related to age,hospitalization duration and postoperative time.To take measures for infective factors,for example,intraoperative aseptic operation,postoperative drainage tube unblocked and rational use of antibiotics,is important to control and decrease the nosocomial infection.

Multiple chromosomal aberrations, nucleotide substitutions, and epigenetic modifications may occur in human cancer cells, which drive malignant transformation. The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) project aims to promote large-scale multi-dimensional analysis of these molecular characteristics in human cancer and rapidly provide data to researchers. In this study, we introduce four flow paths of the production of TCGA data, the collections of various cancer types, the data category and level, and the standardized pipeline of data analysis, as well as several existing data analytical tools. We used ovarian cancer as an example to introduce the application of the TCGA data in the analyses of mutation, copy number, analysis, and expression. We summarized the important findings of glioblasto-ma by TCGA teams.

Aim To study the effects of pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate(PDTC) on matrix metalloproteinase-9(MMP-9) expression in alveolar macrophages(AM) induced by TNF-?,and then to explore it's signal pathway.Methods AM were collected from bronchoalveolar lavage fluid in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.AM were pretreated with PDTC and then stimulated by TNF-? or IL-1.MMP-9 mRNA expression was detected by semi-quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and MMP-9 protein expression was detected by Western blot.Phospho-I?B? protein levels induced by TNF-? or IL-1 were detected by Western blot.NF-?B activity was detected by electrophoretic mobility shift assay.Results Both the mRNA and protein levels of MMP-9 induced by TNF-? in AM were significantly elevated in a dose dependent manner(P0.05).PDTC had distinct effect of inhibiting the activation of NF-?B induced by TNF-? or IL-1 in a dose-dependent manner(P0.05).Conclusions NF-?B plays an important role in MMP-9 expression induced by TNF-? in AM;PDTC can down-regulate MMP-9 expression induced by TNF? in AM possibly through preventing the degradation of I?B? via ubiquitylation-proteasome proteolytic pathway.

OBJECTIVE To observe bacterial distribution in urinary infection and trend of drug resistance in Shangdong Province.METHODS The patients with urinary infection monitored by Shandong Provincial Nosocomial Infection Surveillance System from Aug 2001 to Jul 2005 were analyzed and summarized.RESULTS Among 933 isolates,524 strains(56.16%) were Gram-negative bacilli,214(22.94%) were Gram-positive cocci and 195(20.90%) fungi.The most common pathogens were Escherichia coli(311),Candida albicans(74),and Enterococcus spp(62).Most of them were multidrug resistant.Most strains of Gram-negative bacilli were highly susceptible to imipenem,while most strains of Gram-positive cocci were highly susceptible to vancomycin.CONCLUSIONS Resistance detection of bacteria periodically has an important significance to clinical treatment with drugs.

Objective To analyze the status and impact factors of continuous rehabilitation nursing about stroke patients.Methods 120 medical staff in 6 hospitals and 108 medical staff in 9 community using the multi-stage random sampling method were investigated with questionnaires designed by ourselves.Results Lacking communication and cooperation between hospitals and community medical center,lacking unified and normative regulation and standards were the main influencing factors of the continuous rehabilitation nursing.Conclusions We should establish information interactive platform and perfect the corresponding policies to build continuous rehabilitation nursing model.

Objective Chronic persistent infection following hydrophilic polyacrylamide gel (HPG) injection is one of serious complications in augmentation mammaplasty.It was to search for a perfect treatment for the infection.MethodsA total of 126 patients who accepted HPG injection appeared serious chronic infections.Operation was performed to cut out the HPG and necrotic tissues.The cavities were repeatly washed with negative pressure drainage to control the infection.ResultsAll the symptoms were relieved one to 3 weeks after the treatments in 126 cases.The examination showed that no visible HPG and infection remained in the cavity.No defects existed in the breast and chest wall.ConclusionsFor this infection,the best therapy is to remove the pathologic tissue by surgery and to efficiently control the infection with medication.

AIM To study the role of survivin on the apoptosis of lung cancer cell line induced bycisplatin (DDP) and etoposide (VP16). METHODS The lung adenocarcinoma cell line A549 was chosen in this experiment. The inhibitory effects of chemotherapeutical drugs on A549 cell line were assayed with MTT test. Cultured cells was divided into 3 groups: DDP, VP16 and control. Both DDP and VP16 group were divided into high concentration group and low concentration group, respectively. Expression of survivin gene were detected by reverse transcriptase PCR. Apoptosis was deterinined by flow cytometry. RESULTS Both DDP and VP16 obviously inhibited the lung cancer cell growth with dose and time dependent. Apoptosis and inhibitory rate of survivin gene expression induced by chemotherapeutical drugs was higher than that of control group. The effects also were time dependent. CONCLUSION The inhibition of survivin gene expression may play a critical role on the lung cancer cell apoptosis induced by DDP and VP16.

AIM: To compare the quality of Liuwei Dihuang Pill among the pharmaceutical companies by determining the content and the dissolution of paeonol of Liuwei Dihuang Pill. METHODS: A method of determining paeonol and the dissolution from Liuwei Dihuang Pill was establishod. HPLC was used with methanol-water (70 ∶30) as a mobile phase and detection wavelength was at 274 nm. The flow rate was 1.0 mLmin, injection volume was 20 ?L. The percentage of dissolution was determined in the 30% methanol- 0.1 mol1 HCL solution. RESULTS: A good linearity was over the weight range of 1.4 ?g-140 ?g, the average recovery was 97.38% , the RSD for reproducibility was 1.44% (n=6). The parameter of Tianjin’s production was T_ 50 = 156.77 , T_d= 256.55 ,M= 0.734 and the parameter of Beijing’s production was T_ 50 = 110.66 , T_d= 197.19 , M= 0.583 . CONCLUSION: The method is simple, and can be used to determine the content and the percentage of dissolution of paeonol in Liuwei Dihuang Pill. The experiment indicates that the percentage of dissolution has no obvious distinction in products from different manufactures; but has obvious distinction in the batches of same manufacture.

Objective To investigate the training effect and application development of the health industry standard of Nursing Grading, and to explore it'sclinical applicability. Methods An electronic questionnaire survey was conducted among nurses in 30 three general hospitals of Shandong Province from November 10 to December 10 in 2015. The questionnaire mainly included four parts: basic information, training status, application status and the clinical applicability. All the questionnaires were automatically submitted by the nurse′s cell phone or computer, 3386 valid questionnaires were recovered. Results The status of standard training:93.92%(3180/3386) nurses received a comprehensive training about the standard. The answer rates of 4 theoretical examination questions was 88.95%(3012/3386), 84.49%(2861/3386), 85.17%(2884/3386), 65.71%(2225/3386)respectively. 77.26%of the nurses needed to continue training. Application status: 97.67% (3307/3386) nurses in the hospital has begun to apply Nursing Grading standard, and 97.01% (3208/3307) and 97.76% (3231/3307) of the hospital revised the standard of care systems and work processes; 78.23% (2649/3386) nurses divide the level of care based on both the patient's condition and self-care ability presently. 74.45%(2521/3386) nurses did it as follows,the doctor determine the patient′s condition level, the nurse determine the level of patient′s self-care ability, then the nursing grading was determined according to the both. In the clinical applicability survey, the choice proportion of very agree and agreeofHelping nurses to determine the patient′s level of care and It is beneficial to improve the efficiency of nursing management was 86.30% (2922/3386) and 82.66%(2799/3386);The choice proportion of very agree and agree ofHelp nurses to improve the quality of nursing services, reflecting the value of the nursing work, to meet the needs of patients was 79.36% (2687/3386), 76.56% (2592/3386), 80.98% (2742/3386) respectively. Conclusions The hospital attaches great importance to the standard of Nursing Grading, but the training effect needs to be improved;standard has been widely used in Shandong Province Physician-nurse collaboration has become the decision-making main body of nursing grading;the standard application can not only help the nurses to do decision-making correctly and improve the efficiency. It also can help nurses to improve the quality of nursing service, and enhance patients′satisfaction. So it is very suitable for clinical practice.

AIM: To study the role of adrenomedullin(AM) in the pathogenesis of hypoxic pulmonary hypertension. METHODS: Rats were exposed to chronic hypoxia for 14 days. After the measurement of the right ventricular systolic pressure (RVSP), the rats were executed. The weight of the right ventricle (RV), the left ventricle(LV) and the ventricular septum(SP) were determined. The ration RV/(LV+SP) was used to express the thickness of RV. In situ hybridization was used for the detection of the expression of AM mRNA in the lung and RV. RESULTS: The RVSP in the hypoxic group was (63.63?3.42) mmHg,which was significantly higher than that in control group [(34.13?3.40) mmHg]. The RV/(LV+SP) in hypoxic group was 0.439?0.039,which was increased obviously when compared with that of control (0.230?0.025). The level of AM mRNA expressed in the RV in the hypoxia group was significantly higher than that in the control group. CONCLUSION: The expression of AM mRNA in RV increased in the hypoxic condition, which suggests that AM may attenuate the inappropriate increase in pulmonary artery pressure.