BACKGROUND:Various gene-delivery strategies have be used to transfer targeted genes into damaged bone tissues. As the most efficient gene vector, viral delivery systems have been used in bone tissue engineering research. OBJECTIVE: To thoroughly discuss the applications of different viral vectors in gene-enhanced bone tissue engineering. METHODS:A computer-based online search was performed in PubMed database for the related articles from January 2002 to January 2015. This review centered on viral vector transduction methods and their use in bone tissue engineering. Adenovirus, retrovirus, adeno-associated virus and chimeric virus were al discussed. Advantages and limitations of different vectors and their applicability toward bone tissue engineering were presented in this article. A total of 24 articles were included for review. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Current viral vectors for gene delivery in gene-enhanced bone tissue engineering are summarized, including recent work where combinatorial gene therapy is used to express groups of genes to stimulate bone regeneration. Future directions for this field are discussed, where viral vectors mediated gene expression systems wil be combined with cels such as mesenchymal stem cels seeded in synthetic scaffolds to repair bone loss. Gene-enhanced bone tissue engineering has more advantages than traditional tissue engineering; viral vectors contribute to higher gene transfection efficiency than normal vectors. Long-term clinical observation is needed for the safety of viral vectors used in gene-enhanced tissue engineering in the body. Viruses are stil the most efficient means by which exogenous genes can be introduced into seeds cels.

OBJECTIVEIn order to enhance the yield of artemisinin, makes out the Artemisia annua adaptive area regional assignment in Guangxi. To ensure the nicety in study, on the base of literature study and experience on the spot, the article inspect the division result.

METHODBy document analysis and colleted data of A. annua, make out sample collect proceed and inspect the result of artemisinin content rank distribution in Guangxi.

RESULT AND CONCLUSIONResult of A. annua regional assignment is checked out in the article, the result passes the check by AQL (32, 4). The conclusions insure subsequence study and the A. annua sample collect. The result of artemisinin content rank distribution in Guangxi can be used in artemisinin production.

Antimalarials ; analysis ; pharmacology ; Artemisia annua ; chemistry ; Artemisinins ; analysis ; pharmacology ; China ; Plant Extracts ; analysis ; pharmacology

Myocardial fibrosis is a key link in the occurrence and development of diabetic cardiomyopathy. Its etiology is complex, and the effect of drugs is not good.Cardiomyocyte apoptosis is an important cause of myocardial fibrosis. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of gaseous signal molecule sulfur dioxide (SO2 ) on diabetic myocardial fibrosis and its internal regulatory mechanism. Masson and TUNEL staining, Western-blot, transmission electron microscopy, RT-qPCR, immunofluorescence staining, and flow cytometry were used in the study, and the interstitial collagen deposition, autophagy, apoptosis, and changes in phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT pathways were evaluated from in vivo and in vitro experiments. The results showed that diabetic myocardial fibrosis was accompanied by cardiomyocyte apoptosis and down-regulation of endogenous SO2 -producing enzyme aspartate aminotransferase (AAT)1/2 . However, exogenous SO2 donors could up-regulate AAT1/2 , reduce apoptosis of cardiomyocytes induced by diabetic rats or high glucose, inhibit phosphorylation of PI3K/AKT protein, up-regulate autophagy, and reduce interstitial collagen deposition. In conclusion, the results of this study suggest that the gaseous signal molecule SO2 can inhibit the PI3K/AKT pathway to promote cytoprotective autophagy and inhibit cardiomyocyte apoptosis to improve myocardial fibrosis in diabetic rats. The results of this study are expected to provide new targets and intervention strategies for the prevention and treatment of diabetic cardiomyopathy.

Animals ; Carrier Proteins/metabolism* ; Histidine/metabolism* ; Humans ; Methylation ; Methyltransferases/metabolism* ; Neoplasm Proteins/metabolism* ; Neoplasms/metabolism* ; Protein Processing, Post-Translational