Aim To investigate the extent of systemic absorption and uptake of meptazinol (MEP) hydrochloride in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) after intranasal administration on rats and compare with oral administration. Methods CSF samples were collected by a serial sampling method. The concentration of MEP in the biological samples was measured by HPLC with fluorescence detector. Results Rapid and significant levels of MEP in plasma and CSF can be achieved after nasal administration whereas the oral administration resulted in considerably lower drug concentrations. AUC in plasma and CSF from the nasal route are 7.375 and 15.6 folds compared with those of the oral route, respectively. Conclusion Intranasal MEP is able to show quick absorption and improve the bioavailability, which could be a promising alternative to oral administration.

Objective To detect serum level of anti-M-type phospholipase A2 receptor (PLA2R) antibody in elderly patients with idiopathic membranous nephropathy (IMN) and to explore its clinical significance in IMN disease.Methods A total of 134 patients with renal biopsy-proved glomerular diseases were enrolled in this study,including 42 elderly cases with IMN,45 non-elderly cases with IMN,19 elderly cases with minimal change nephropathy (MCN),12 elderly cases with IgA nephropathy (IgAN),8 elderly cases with hepatitis B-associated membranous nephropathy (HBV-MN) and 8 elderly cases with focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS).Western blotting was used to detect serum anti-PLA2R antibody and the correlation of anti-PLA2R antibody with laboratory parameters in elderly IMN patients was analyzed.Results The elderly and non-elderly patients with IMN showed that the positive rate of anti-PLA2R antibody was 71.4％ and 73.3％,respectively (P＞ 0.05).The positive rate of anti-PLA2R antibody in elderly IgA nephropathy,HBV-MN and MCN patients was 16.7 ％,12.5％ and 5.3％ respectively.Anti-PLA2R antibody was not detected in serum from elderly FSGS patients.The positive rates of serum anti-PLA2R antibody were significantly higher in both elderly and non-elderly IMN patients than in elderly patients with secondary MN and other types of glomerlonephritis (P ＜ 0.01).Furthermore,anti-PLA2R autoantibody level was positively correlated with 24-hour urine protein level and negatively correlated with the concentration of serum albumin in elderly patients with IMN (P＜0.01).Conclusions Anti-PLA2R antibody is a sensitive serological marker of IMN.Detection for anti-PLA2R antibody might be helpful for the diagnosis of both elderly and non-elderly IMN and for the monitor of IMN disease severity.

Objective To study the functional mechanism of Naoxin tong Capsule (Ca psule for cerebral and heart diseases) on a cute coronary syndrome (ACS). Methods Totally 105 ACS p atients diagnosed with coro nary angiography were randomized into a treatment group (55 cases), and a control group (50 cases). The control group was treated routin ely with western medicine while the treatment group treated with Naoxintong Capsule, 2 capsules each time, 3 times a day, in addition to the routine western medicine. Before and 4 weeks after treatment, the serum hypersensitive C-react ive protein (hs-CRP) was measured. Before and six months af ter treatment, changes of carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) and carot id plaque were examined with Color Doppler Ultrasonography. Resu lts Four weeks after treatment, the hs-CRP level in the treatment grou p was significantly lowered than before treatmen t, and the effect was more significant than that of the control group (P

Objectives To observe the anesthetic effects of an improved anesthetic method on goat by comparing with the original method, and to provide theoretical and practical reference for anesthesia during the establishment of goat models.Methods A total of 72 goats were selected to make tibial fracture models, 36 were enrolled as group A and others as group B.The group A was injected with Sumianxin and diazepam.The group B was injected with Sumianxin, diazepam and pumped propofol by intravenous pump.The times of animal struggle, total dose of additional Sumianxin, death rate, and recovery time were evaluated.Results The death rate of group A was 16.67% and there was no death in the group B.The times of struggle, the total dose of additional Sumianxin and the recovery time of the group A were higher than group B, showing a significant difference (P<0.05).Conclusions The improved anesthetic method can decrease the times of goat struggle times, reduce the dose of anaesthetics, and lower the death rate.

AIM: To explore the effect of melatonin (MLT) on the apoptosis of thymocytes and splenocytes in mice induced by ionizing radiation and its mechanism. METHODS: The percentages of apoptotic bodies and the DNA lytic rates of thymocytes and splenocytes in mice in vitro and in vivo were detected with flow cytometry and fluorospectrophotometry, respectively. RESULTS: The apoptosis of mouse thymocytes and splenocytes in vitro increased with significant dose-dependence in 0 5-6 0 Gy X-irradiation. When MLT of 2 mmol?L -1 was added into thymocytes or splenocytes in vitro before irradiation with 0 5-6 0 Gy X-rays, the percentages of apoptotic bodies and the DNA lytic rates all decreased significantly as compared with those in the irradiation group. The percentages of apoptotic bodies in these two kinds of cells were 86 25% and 89 22% of those in the irradiation group, respectively, and the DNA lytic rates were 87 23% and 89 16%, respectively. When MLT was injected into intraperitonium in mice 60 min before whole-body irradiation with 2 Gy X-rays, the percentages of apoptotic bodies and the DNA lytic rates were significantly lower than those in the irradiation group, and near or lower than those in the sham-irradiation group. MLT of 0 1-2 5 mg/kg decreased the lymphocyte apoptosis, but without significant dose-dependence. CONCLUSION: The protective effects of MLT on mouse lymphocytes damaged by irradiation in vivo are obvious than those in vitro. [

Objecitve To study the inhibitory effect of pioglitazone on inflammation factors in patients with bladder cancer. Methods A total of 100 consecutives diagnosed as bladder cancer from Februray 2013 to Februray 2014 were individed ran-domly into experiment and control groups and each of 50 cases.All patients received the appropriate operation or chemother-apeutic regimens,and the patients in experiment group received pioglitazone (15 mg/d×12 weeks)at the same time.Then to compare expression differences of high-sensitive C reactive protein (hs-CRP),tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha),in-terleukin (IL-6)and HOMA-IR,MCP-1,MIP-1 levels.Results The levels of hs-CRP,TNF-αand IL-6 in the two groups af-ter treatment were all lower (P <0.05),and in experiment groups they were significantly lower than control group (P <0.05).The levels of HOMA-IR,MCP-1 and MIP-1 in the two groups after treatment were all lower (P <0.05),and in ex-periment groups they were significantly lower than control group(P <0.05).The complication rate in the two groups were no statistical difference (P >0.05).Conclusion Pioglitazone could improve clinical effect and prognosis by lowing inflam-mation factors including hs-CRP,TNF-α,IL-6,HOMA-IR,MCP-1 and MIP-1 in patients with bladder cancer.

Objective To explore the expression of protease activated receptors (PARs) on human monocytes. Methods Flow cytometry and RT - PCR was used to detect the expressions of PARs on human monocytes that purified by MACS. Results FACS analysis showed that monocytes expressed PAR - 1 , PAR - 3 , PAR - 4, but not PAR - 2.RT - PCR revealed that monocytes expressed PAR - 1 and PAR -3, but not PAR -2 and PAR -4 mRNA. Conclusion PARs is expressed on human monocyte cells,which may facilitate further investigation of the potential functions of PARs on monocytes.

0.05).However,the effect on decreasing mean yearly incidence of RRTI and duration of each onset in group A was superior to that in group B(P0.05).【Conclusion】JY can reduce the mean yearly incidence of RRTI and duration of each onset in preschool children with RRTI,and its mechanism may be related to the regualtion of cellular immune function by improving the parameters of subgroups of T lymphocytes.

Objective To evaluate the efficiency and safety of exercise interventions on cancer related fatigue. Methods Cochrane Library, JBI Database of Systematic Reviews, MEDLINE, EMbase, CINAHL, Chinese Journal Full- text Database, Chinese Biomedical Literature Database, and Wanfang Databse were searched from the inception to November 2014 to screen the systematic review and Meta-analysis conforming to the inclusion criteria. Two authors independently appraised their methodological qualities with Overview Quality Assessment Questionnaire (OQAQ), and analyzed the data using descriptive analysis. The primary outcome included the scaling of cancer related fatigue, the secondary outcome included adherence to exercise intervention and the incidence of adverse events. Results Fourteen systematic review/Meta-analysis were identified, twelve of them had a high methodological quality (Scoring 5-7). Six systematic review/Meta-analysis found that aerobic exercise could effectively alleviate cancer related fatigue, especially for breast cancer patients;seven articles showed that exercise could modulate cancer related fatigue of patients under active treatments;seven articles reported the compliance to the exercise intervention, four articles reported adverse events occurring during the intervention, very few of them resulted directly from the exercise intervention. Conclusions Exercise intervention can modulate cancer related fatigue with good safety.

Objective To detect the levels of anti-gliadin IgA and anti-gliadin IgG antibodies in the plasma of the patients with schizophrenia, and to investigate the association between schizophrenia and anti-gliadin IgA, IgG bodies in a Chinese Han population, and to clarify the effect of gliadin on the occurrence of schizophrenia.Methods The plasma samples were collected from 428 patients with schizophrenia and 555 cases of normal control subjects in a Chinese Han population.The gliadin antibodies in plasma,including IgA and IgG,were tested using a native anti-gliadin ELISA test kit.The positive rates of plasma anti-gliadin IgA,and anti-gliadin IgG were tested by Chi-square test between the patients with schizophrenia and control subj ects. The differences of the levels of anti-gliadin IgA and anti-gliadin IgG were tested by Mann-Whitney U test between the patients with schizophrenia and control subjects.Results Compared with normal control group,the anti-gliadin IgA level and the positive rate of plasma anti-gliadin IgA in patient group were increased significantly(P<0.01),but there were no significant differences of the positive rate and the level of anti-gliadin IgG in plasma between patient and control groups (P>0.05).The anti-gliadin IgA levels in the patients with delusion of observation,delusion of being revealed,delusion of persecution, delusion of j ealousy, delusion of grandeur, incoherence of thinking, illogic thought, bizarre behavior,aggressive behavior,hallucination-delusion syndrome,poverty of thought,emotional blunting/apathy and aboulia were higher than that of the normal controls (P<0.05);the anti-gliadin IgG levels in the patients with delusion of being revealed and delusion of grandeur were higher than that of the normal controls (P<0.05 ). Conclusion Gliadin is associated with the onset of schizophrenia in Chinese Han population, and the plasma antibodies of gliadin maybe play an important rale in the onset of schizophrenia.