In this paper are reported the model establishment and numerical simulation of specific absorption rate(SAR) and the unsteady temperature distribution for the non-invasive tumor RF thermotherapy. The model can correctly reflect the attenuation of electromagnetic wave in the biotissue, the variation of perfusion with temperature and lower perfusion of the tumor tissue are fully considered in the simulation. These measures made simulation results more close to the clinical results. Also presented in the paper are detailed analyses and discussions on the characteristics of SAR of electromagnetic energy and the temperature profiles, the effects of the frequency and the perfusion on the depth for effective treatment. The simulation results are of great significance for directing the clinical application of tumor RF thermotherapy.
Electromagnetic Fields ; Humans ; Hyperthermia, Induced ; Models, Biological ; Neoplasms ; therapy ; Temperature ; Thermal Conductivity

Objective To conduct breath test with a relatively large number of subjects for new data regarding breath acetone in diabetes using a high accuracy and high data throughput breath acetone analyzer based on the cavity ringdown spectroscopy (CRDS) technique.Methods The CRDS breath analyzer was validated by standard acetone gas samples with various concentrations and golden standard gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS).A total of 917 breath samples from 260 type 2 diabetic (T2D) patients and 30 healthy individuals were collected under each of 4 different conditions: fasting, 2 h post-breakfast, 2 h post-lunch, and 2 h post-dinner, and the samples were tested by the breath analyzer.Results The linear fitting curve of standard acetone samples with various concentration had good linearity (R=1, P＜0.05).The linear fitting of the results of GC-MS and CRDS was 0.98, suggesting that the obtained acetone concentrations using both methods were consistent.For the 260 T2D subjects, the exhaled breath acetone concentrations ranged from 0.0 to 10.6×10-6, while for the 30 healthy subjects, the breath acetone concentration ranged from 0.1 × 10-6 to 2.0× 10-6.The mean breath acetone concentration of the 260 T2D subjects was (1.5±1.l)× 10-6, which was 1.4 times of(1.1±0.5)×10-6 for the 30 healthy subjects.The mean breath acetone concentrations under the 4 conditions for the 260 T2D subjects ((1.6±1.2)×10-6, (1.4±1.0)×10-6~, (1.4±0.9)×10-6, and (1.4±1.2)× 10-6) were higher than that of the 30 healthy subjects ((1.3±0.3)×10-6, (1.0±0.6)×10-6, (1.0±0.6)×10-6, and (1.1±0.4)×10-6), respectively.No correlation was found between the breath acetone concentration and the blood glucose level of the T2D subjects and the healthy individuals.Conclusions The GC-MS validation confirms that the CRDS breath acetone analyzer is a reliable instrument for fast response and on-line breath acetone measurement.An elevated mean breath acetone concentration exists in T2D subjects.The relationship between breath acetone level and physiological parameters needs to be further investigated.

The model establishment and numerical simulation of specific absorption rate (SAR) and the unsteady-state temperature distribution for radio frequency (RF) thermotherapy with double-frequencies and double-plates are presented in this paper. The model can correctly reflect the attenuation of electromagnetic wave in the biotissue. The variation of perfusion with temperature and the lower perfusion in tumor tissue are fully considered in the simulation of unsteady-state temperature profiles. Also presented are detailed analyses and discussions on the characteristics of SAR and temperature profiles, and the effects of the plates location and power as well as of the perfusion on the depth of effective treatment.
Computer Simulation ; Electromagnetic Fields ; Humans ; Hyperthermia, Induced ; Models, Theoretical ; Neoplasms ; therapy ; Temperature ; Thermal Conductivity

Objective: To evaluate the effect of sexuality education for parents of preschoolers, to provide a basis for sexuality educational programs in rural settings. Methods: This community intervention trial chose four kindergartens in Jiangyang District of Luzhou City as the intervention group and other four kindergartens in Jiangyou City of Mianyang City of Sichuan Province as the control group. Sexuality education for parents was carried out in the intervention group, and the control group received routine arrangement. The baseline survey was conducted from March to May 2019, and the final survey was conducted in December 2019. The investigators conducted a face to face or self filled questionnaires among each parent who agreed to participate in the survey by using the self designed questionnaire "Research on Current Situation and Countermeasures of Early Childhood Sexuality Education in Rural Areas (Parent)". Results: Before the intervention, there was no significant difference in the basic information of parents and their children, and the situation of early childhood sexuality education between the intervention group and the control group( P > 0.05 ). After intervention, parents of the intervention group and the control group showed differences in correct rate of the knowledge regarding early childhood sexuality education (41.5%，32.1%), proportion of recognition of parental responsibility (90.7%， 81.3 %), sexuality education in the family (55.7%，45.9%), sexuality education in schools (70.2%，39.1%) and attitude behavior consistency (28.9%，16.3%) ( χ 2=4.05，8.05，4.17，42.48，9.59， P <0.05). Conclusion Sexuality education towards parents is effective through improving knowledge, responsibility, the implementation of sexuality education in the family, and attitude behavior consistency among parents.

Objective: To understand the needs of parents of kindergarten children in urban areas for online training on sexuality education, so as to provide a basis for the development of parent training courses. Methods: In May 2023, a multistage cluster random sampling method was used to select 3 516 parents of young children from 12 kindergartens in urban areas of Changshou District, Chongqing. A self designed questionnaire on Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of Early Childhood Sexuality Education (Parents) was used for the survey, and χ 2 test and multi factor Logistic regression model were used for data analysis. Results: The online training demand rate of urban parents for early childhood sexuality education was 57.05%. The results of the multi factor Logistic regression analysis showed that age, education level, occupation, whether or not they were the main caregivers, total score level of the scale, awareness of their own responsibility, communication with family and friends about early childhood sexuality education and young children s participation in kindergarten sexuality education activities were the influencing factors of parents online training demand on sexuality education ( OR =1.18, 1.44, 1.42, 0.83, 1.19, 0.51, 0.75, 0.75, P <0.05). Conclusion Urban parents have a high demand for online training on early childhood sexuality education, and training courses should be developed according to the specific needs and characteristics of parents of young children.

Objective To investigate the current status of application of the Confusion assessment method for the Intensive Care Unit (Cam-ICU),and to explore its influencing factors.Methods A total of 300 patients admitted to were enrolled.The researchers and nurses used Cam-ICU to assess patients' delirium,respectively,and the differences in deliriun assessment were analyzed.Results For delirium assessment,the Kappa value was 0.546 between the researchers and nurses.The consensus rate was 17.6％ for hypoactive delirium,and 77.8％ for hyperactive delirium in 44 delirium patients.Logistic regression analysis showed that APACHE Ⅱ score,RASS score and delirium type were influencing factors of accurate assessment of delirium.Conclusion The consistence of assessment of delirium by ICU nurses is generally good,but the accuracy of assessment of hypoactive delirium is the worst.

Objective:To study the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) activity and its clinical characteristics in patients with hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS). Methods:From January 2016 to August 2017, patients with HFRS who were hospitalized in the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University were routinely tested by EBV serology, and were divided into two groups according to their presence or absence of EBV infection, namely EBV active group and non-EBV active group. The clinical data between the two groups were compared and analyzed by SPSS 18.0.Results:A total of 188 HFRS patients were enrolled, including 73 cases in EBV active group and 115 cases in non-EBV active group. The EBV active rate of HFRS patients was 38.83% (73/188). The incidences of lumbago [57.53% (42/73) vs 42.61% (49/115)], abdominal pain [42.47% (31/73) vs 20.00% (23/115)], skin and mucosa congestion [57.53% (42/73) vs 39.13% (45/115)], and conjunctiva edema [50.68% (37/73) vs 28.70% (33/115)] in EBV active group were significantly higher than those in non-EBV active group (χ 2 = 3.983, 11.008, 6.083, 9.239, P < 0.05). There were 10, 7 and 43 patients with acute kidney injury (AKI) stage 1, 2 and 3 in EBV active group and 5, 13 and 53 patients in non-EBV active group. Degree of AKI in EBV active group was higher than that in non-EBV active group, and the difference was statistically significant (χ 2 = 12.615, P < 0.05). In EBV active group, the proportion of patients whose renal function recovery over 15 days [23.29% (17/73)] and white blood cell count [11.26 (3.39 ~ 54.23) × 10 9/L] were significantly higher than those in non-EBV active group [6.96% (8/115), 10.03 (2.91 ~ 66.99) × 10 9/L], and the differences were statistically significant (χ 2 = 10.330, Z = - 2.003, P < 0.05). Conclusion:HFRS patients may cause latent EBV activity, complicate their clinical features, cause severe renal damage and prolong the recovery time of renal function.

Objective: To investigate the clinicopathological features and prognosis of malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors (MPNST). Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the clinical data of MPNST patients who were treated at Cancer Institute & Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science from January 1999 to January 2016. A total of 140 patients with 66 male and 74 female with MPNST were enrolled in the study. The median age was 40 at the time of diagnosis. Survival analysis were estimated by Kaplan-Meier method and Log rank test. Multivariate analysis were estimated by Cox proportional hazards regression model. Results: The median follow-up time was 43.0 months. The 3- and 5-year overall survival (OS) rates were 56.4% and 48.6%, respectively. The 3-year local recurrence (LR) rate and distant metastasis (DM) rates were 42.9% and 49.3%, respectively. Univariate analysis showed that the tumor location, AJCC stage, S-100, radiotherapy and margin status affected 5-year OS rate (all P<0.05). The tumor location, AJCC stage, S-100, Ki-67 staining, margin status, radiotherapy and chemotherapy affected 3-year LR rate (all P<0.05). The tumor location, AJCC stage, S-100, Ki-67 staining and margin status affected 3-year DM rate (all P<0.05). Multivariate analysis showed that the tumor location, AJCC stage, S-100 were independent factors for 5-year OS rate (all P<0.05). The tumor location, Ki-67 staining and chemotherapy were independent factors for LR (all P<0.05) while the AJCC stage, margin status and Ki-67 staining were independent factors for DM (all P<0.05). Conclusions MPSNT is an aggressive tumor with poor prognosis. Multiple factors were identified in this study. Patients with the tumor located at head and neck, advanced AJCC stage and negative S-100 usually have a low 5-year overall survival rate. Patients with the tumor located at head and neck, Ki-67 staining ≥ 20% and without chemotherapy had a higher tendency of local recurrence. Poor prognosis factors for DM were advanced AJCC stage, positive margin and Ki-67 staining ≥ 20%.