Tumor immunotherapy refers to the application of immunological principles and methods to stimulate and enhance the body's antitumor immune response as well as assist the immune system to kill tumors and inhibit tumor growth.These methods in-volve injecting immune cells and effector molecules into the host.Immunotherapy,especially immunoprecipitation treatment,has ex-erted a strong antitumor effect on melanoma,renal cell carcinoma,non-small cell lung cancer,and hematological malignancies.This method has also received widespread attention.However,in malignant glioma,immunotherapy is still in its infancy.Numerous clinical trials have shown that immunotherapy for glioma is feasible and safe.This paper reviews the latest advances in immunization strate-gies,such as immunological checkpoints,adoptive immunotherapy,and tumor vaccines,to provide new ideas for glioma treatment.

Objective To investigate the regulating mechanism of Notch1 signaling pathway on the invasion and migration ofglioma initiating cells (GICs).Methods (1) Box-plotting was conducted to analyze the mRNA expression of Notch1 in normal brain tissue and glioblastoma tissue using Bredel Brain,Sun Brain and TCGA databases;Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was conducted to analyze the association between the prognosis of glioma patients with the expression of Hes1 in TCGA database;Heatmap was conducted to analyze the expression of Notch1 and CXCR4 in GICs and common cell line in GEO database.(2) Magnetic activated cell sorting was adopted to establish cell lines of U87 GICs and U251 GICs;immunofluorescence staining was used to detect expression of CXCR4 and Notch1.After the cell lines of U87 GICs and U251 GICs were divided into DMSO,shNC,MK0752 and shNotchl groups,the shNotch1 and shNC groups were transfected respectively with recombinant lentivirus of Notch1-shRNA and its control sequence while the MK0752 and DMSO groups were added respectively with MK-0752 of 80 nmol/mL and the same amount of DMSO.The protein expression of Notch1,CXCR4 and p-mTOR was detected by Westem blotting in the 4 groups.The capabilities of invasion and migration of the GICs were detected by Transwell assay in the shNotch1 and shNC groups.Results (1) The box-plotting showed the mRNA expression of Notch 1 in the glioblastoma tissue was significantly higher than in the normal brain tissue (P＜0.05).The Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed that the life span ofglioma patients with high expression of Hes1 was significantly shorter than that of those with low expression of Hes1 (P＜0.05).Heatmaps showed that the expression levels of Notch1 and CXCR4 in GICs were higher than in the common cell line.(2) The immunofluorescence staining showed that Notch1 and CXCR4 were highly expressed and colocalized in cell lines of U87 GICs and U251 GICs.The Western blotting showed that the protein expression of Notch1,CXCR4 and p-mTOR in the cell lines of U87GICs and U251 GICs in the MK0752 and shNotch1 groups was lower than that in the DMSO and shNC groups.Transwell assay showed that the penetrating-membrane cells per visual field in the shNotch1group were significantly fewer than those in the shNC group (P＜0.05).Conclusion Notch1 signaling pathway can promote invasion and migration of GICs through regulating CXCR4 expression.

Objective To investigate the current status of application of the Confusion assessment method for the Intensive Care Unit (Cam-ICU),and to explore its influencing factors.Methods A total of 300 patients admitted to were enrolled.The researchers and nurses used Cam-ICU to assess patients' delirium,respectively,and the differences in deliriun assessment were analyzed.Results For delirium assessment,the Kappa value was 0.546 between the researchers and nurses.The consensus rate was 17.6％ for hypoactive delirium,and 77.8％ for hyperactive delirium in 44 delirium patients.Logistic regression analysis showed that APACHE Ⅱ score,RASS score and delirium type were influencing factors of accurate assessment of delirium.Conclusion The consistence of assessment of delirium by ICU nurses is generally good,but the accuracy of assessment of hypoactive delirium is the worst.