OBJECTIVE:To investigate the methods of calculating pediatric dose of medication.METHODS:The validity of several methods of calculating pediatric dose of medication was evaluated by statistical methods and demonstration analysis,and the expression of the pediatric dosage of administration in drug instruction was discussed.RESULTS&CONCLUSION:There exist improper medical manipulation in the rational use of medicines in pediatrics,uniform criterion and calculation are lack for measuring age groups in pediatrics,aseries of integrated and uniform criteria to determine the safe dosage for child are needed.

OBJECTIVE:A pharmacoeconomical analysis was performed to evaluate three therapeutic schemes for preventing post-appendectomy infections in children METHODS:The study included 119 children undergoing appendectomy According to the pathological results of appendix,they were divided into group Ⅰ and group Ⅱ,and treated with three different schemes respectively The schemes consisted of A:cefazolin+benzylpenicillin+metronidazole,B:cefotaxime+benzylpenicillin+metronidazole and C:cefazolin+benzylpenicillin+metronidazole+claforan These three schemes were assessed with pharmacoeconomic evaluation RESULTS:As for group Ⅰ,scheme A and B were better than scheme C As for group Ⅱ,scheme A was the best CONCLUSION:Application of pharmacoeconomics will optimize therapeutic scheme and guide rational use of drugs

Objective To study the immunogenicity,immune modulatory effects and mechanisms of mesenthymal stem ceils (MSCs) derived from the bone marrow of patients with multiple myeloma (MM).Methods The mononuclear cells from the bone marrow of MM patients were obtained and cultured.Immunophenotypes were investigated by using FACS.The levels of cytokines were determined by using enzyme linked immunosorbant assay (ELISA).The endocytosis of monocyte-derived dendritic cells (DCs) was investigated by using FACS.Moreover,the immunoregulatory ability of DCs on proliferation of T lymphocytes was detected by using mixed lymphocyte culture assay.Results MM-derived MSCs had no expression of HLA-DR and costirnulatory molecules (CD40,CD80,CD83 and CD86).MM-derived MSCs could significantly suppress proliferation of T lymphocytes in a dose-dependent manner,which could be reversed by antiTGF-β1 and anti-HGF antibodies.MM-derived MSCs inhibit the endocytosis of DCs.MM-derived MSCs could inhibit the secretion of IL-12 and significantly inhibit the function of DCs on proliferation of T lymphocytes.Conclusion MM-derived MSCs harbored low immunogenicity and immunoregulatory effect in vitro,and this effect was achieved through cytokines.

BACKGROUND:Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells derived from multiple myeloma patients are characterized by pluripotential differentiation, immunoregulation and supporting hematopoiesis, but whether these features are affected after cryopreservation is unclear.
OBJECTIVE:To study the biological characteristics of cryopreserved bone marrow mesenthymal stem cellderived from multiple myeloma patients.
METHODS:Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells derived from multiple myeloma patients were cryopreserved in-196 ℃ liquid nitrogen for 1 month (short term) and 12 months (long term) with Iscove’s modified Dulbecco’s medium containing 10%dimethyl sulfoxide and 40%fetal bovine serum as cryoprotectant. The viability and proliferation ability of thawed bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells were investigated. Hematopoiesis support of thawed bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells in vitro was detected by long-term bone marrow culture and the methylcellulose progenitor assay. The immunoregulatory ability of thawed mesenchymal stem cells was detected by mixed lymphocyte culture assay.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The cellviability was (92.9±7.5)%and (86.7±9.2)%for mesenchymal stem cells cryopreserved as long as 1 month or 12 months, respectively. Furthermore, thawed bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells possessed the ability of supporting colony forming and could significantly suppress proliferation of T lymphocytes. At last, there were no changes detected as compared with pre-cryopreserved mesenchymal stem cells in the abilities of proliferation, hematopoiesis support and immunoregulation. Cryopreservation can decrease the cellviability of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells derived from the patients with multiple myeloma, but cannot affect the abilities of proliferation, hematopoiesis support and immunoregulation.

Objective:To compare antitumor activity in vivo of Rhizoma Typhonii before and after processing. Methods:To observe the effect of water decoction and ethanol extract from Rhizoma Typhonii before and after processing on the sarcoma grafts and immune organs of S180 mice by using mice transplant tumor model. Results:The results showed that both of the Rhizoma Typhonii and processed Rhizoma Typhonii had antitumor effect,and the former was stronger than the latter. The extract from processed Rhizoma Typhonii can inhance the immune function of mouse at some extent. Compared with control group,the Rhizoma Typhonii before processing had no effect in prolonging the life of tumor-bearing mouse. But,the ethanol extract from processed Rhizoma Typhonii can prolong the life of S180 mouse. Conclusion:Decoction and ethanol extract from Rhizoma Typhonii and processed Rhizoma Typhonii had antitumor effect. Processed Rhizoma Typhonii can enhance immune function and increase in life span on S180 mice,So processed Rhizoma Typhonii should be used in clinical medicine.

Objective To explore the application effect of simethicone combined with compound polyethylene glycol electrolyte powder before colonoscope examination. Methods 106 cases underwent colonoscope examination from October 2013 to December 2015 were enrolled in the study. Then all the cases were divided into 2 groups randomly, each with 53 cases. Patients in the control group were treated with simple oral administration of compound polyethylene glycol electrolyte powder, patients in observation group were combined using simethicone and polyethylene glycol electrolyte powder. The preoperative bowel preparation score, lesion detection and the changes of liver and renal function and electrolyte in the two groups were recorded respectively. Results Patients in the observation group were better than the control group in both the bowel preparation score and the detection rate (P < 0.05). There were no obvious adverse reactions in the course of the two groups. Conclusions Simethicone can eliminate intestinal bubbles, and combined use with polyethylene glycol electrolyte powder before colonoscope examination can significantly improve intestinal cleaning effect, improve the colonoscope examination image, enhance the detection rate of lesions.

Objective To explore the curative effect of modified closed negative pressure drainage on abnormal abdominal incision. Methods Sity-three patients with abnormal healing of abdominal incision in our hospital from January 2012 to June 2013 were selected as the observation group. Another 50 patients from January to December 2011 were assigned to the control group. The former was treated after debridement with human recombinant surface growth factor and modified closed negative pressure drainage,while the latter after debridement with anti-infection and dressings of ethacridine or gentamicinsolution as well as with infrared therapy. The two groups were compared in terms of the frequency,time and cost of changed dressings,and the healing time of the incisions.Results There was insignificant difference in the cost of changed dressings between the two groups(P>0.05). However,the differences were statistically significant in terms of the frequency and time of changed dressings and the healing time of the incisions(P<0.05). The observation group was significantly superior to the control group.Conclusions Modified closed negative pressure drainage is effective in accelerating the healing in abnormal abdominal incisions,reducing the frequency and the time of changed dressings,and easing the economic burdens of the patients,which is suggested to be popularized and applicable in the pimary hospitals.

BACKGROUND:Endothelial progenitor cells have good prospects for clinical application;especial y as seed cells, they are involved in construction of tissue engineered blood vessels and disease treatment. OBJECTIVE:To investigate the biological characteristics of endothelial progenitor cells derived from granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) mobilized peripheral blood. METHODS:Mononuclear cells from G-CSF mobilized peripheral blood (n=9) and normal adult peripheral blood (n=8) were obtained and cultured in expanded medium. The immunophenotype of endothelial progenitor cells was investigated by FACS and immunohistochemistry. Real-time PCR was used to detect the expression of different cytokines. Proliferation and adhesion ability of endothelial progenitor cells were detected by MTT assay and adhesion assay. Moreover, the abilities of vasculogenesis in vitro and Dil-labeled acetylated low density lipoprotein uptake were detected. The acquired cells were seeded onto the basilar membrane gel containing vascular endothelial growth factor and basic fibroblast growth factor to induce angiogenesis. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Endothelial progenitor cells derived from G-CSF mobilized peripheral blood were similar to those from normal adult peripheral blood in phenotype and morphology. FACSs and immunohistochemistry showed that endothelial progenitor cells were positive for endothelial cellmarkers, such as CD31, vWF, CD34, FLK-1, VE-Cadherin and CD133. In addition, the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor and stromal cel-derived factor 1 were significantly increased in G-CSF mobilized endothelial progenitor cells. Moreover, endothelial progenitor cells derived from two sources possessed the abilities of angiogenesis in vitro and Dil-labeled acetylated low density lipoprotein uptake. But, the number and the proliferation ability of endothelial progenitor cells derived from G-CSF mobilized peripheral blood were better than that of endothelial progenitor cells derived from normal adult peripheral blood. These findings indicate that there is a population of cells with characteristics of endothelial progenitor cells in G-CSF mobilized peripheral blood. They possess the abilities of vasculogenesis in vitro. Moreover, compared to endothelial progenitor cells derived from normal adult peripheral blood, we could obtain more endothelial progenitor cells in G-CSF mobilized peripheral blood and those cells show better proliferation ability.

Objective To analyse MMACHC mutations for 45 pedigrees with combined methylmalonic aciduria and homocyctinuria by Sanger sequencing, and to discuss the utility of prenatal genetic diagnosis for these pedigrees.Method Peripheral blood was collected from 45 probands and their parents from 2012-2015 in Genetic Counselling Clinic of the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, and the DNA were extracted from the blood.Then the coding sequence of MMACHC gene was amplified by PCR, and the PCR products were further sequenced to detect mutations for each pedigree.For 12 families, chorionic villus sampling was performed on the pregnant women to make prenatal genetic diagnosis.Result There were 14 distinct mutations detected in the 45 pedigrees, and the most frequent mutations are c.609G>A(W203X),c.658-660delAAG(K220del)and c.80A>G (Q27A).Two of those mutations have not been reported before:one is a splicing site mutation c.81+1G>A;while the other is a missense mutation c.665A>G,p.Y222C.Most mutations were found in exon 4.Among the 12 pedigrees who received prenatal diagnosis, 2 fetuses were normal, 7 fetuses were carriers of heterozygous mutation, and the other 3 fetuses were patients with compound heterozygous mutation or homozygous mutation.The couples whose fetuses were normal or carriers continued the gestation, while the couples whose fetuses were patients decided to terminate the pregnancy.After delivery, the outcome of the fetuses was the same as the prenatal diagnose results.Conclusion Two novel mutations of MMACHC were identified and prenatal genetic diagnosis helps to avoid the delivery of combined methylmalonic aciduria and homocyctinuria patients.

New enrofloxacin microspheres were formulated, and their physical properties, lung-targeting ability, and tissue distribution in rats were examined. The microspheres had a regular and round shape. The mean diameter was 10.06 microm, and the diameter of 89.93% of all microspheres ranged from 7.0 microm to 30.0 microm. Tissue distribution of the microspheres was evaluated along with a conventional enrofloxacin preparation after a single intravenous injection (7.5 mg of enrofloxacin/kg bw). The results showed that the elimination half-life (t(1/2beta)) of enrofloxacin from lung was prolonged from 7.94 h for the conventional enrofloxacin to 13.28 h for the microspheres. Area under the lung concentration versus time curve from 0 h to infinity (AUC(0-infinity)) was increased from 11.66 h.microg/g to 508.00 h.microg/g. The peak concentration (Cmax) in lung was increased from 5.95 microg/g to 93.36 microg/g. Three lung-targeting parameters were further assessed and showed that the microspheres had remarkable lung-targeting capabilities.
Animals ; Anti-Bacterial Agents/*adverse effects ; Drug Delivery Systems/instrumentation/*methods ; Female ; Fluoroquinolones/*adverse effects ; Half-Life ; Humans ; Injections, Intravenous ; Lung/*drug effects ; Male ; *Microspheres ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Tissue Distribution