Objective To assess the changes in blood coagulation after infusion of hydroxyethyl starch 45/ 0.7(molecular weight = 450000 Dalton, 70% of glucose units have been substituted) ,200/0.62, 200/0.5 and 130/0.4.Methods Forty rabbits weighing (2.6 ?0.5)kg were randomly divided into 5 groups of 8 animals each: group I HES450/0.7; group II HES 200/0.62; group III HES200/0.5; group IV HES 130/0.4; group V 0.9% NaCl. The animals were anesthetized with intramuscular seconal and ketamine. Hydroxyethyl starch or normal saline was infused at 10 ml?kg-1?h-1 for 3 h. Blood samples were taken before and 1,2,3 h after staring the infusion for determination of prothrombin time ( PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) and fibrinogen level (FIb) and thromboelastograph examination (TEG) .Results (1) After infusion of 30 ml?kg-1 HES 450/0.7 or 200/0.62 (in group I and II ) R time (representing the rate of initial fibrin formation) and K time (coagulation time) were significantly prolonged (P

Objective To assess the effects of gelatine and 6% hydroxyethyl starch 200/0.5 (HES 200 / 0.5) on phagocytic activity of human neutrophils and monocytes using flow cytometry.Methods Thirty-three ASA Ⅰ - Ⅱ patients aged 18-70 years scheduled for urological minor surgery were randomly divided into three equal groups of eleven patients :group I gelatine;group II HES 200 / 0.5 and group Ⅲ lactated Ringer's solution (LR) . 10 ml?kg-1 of gelatine, HES or LR was infused over 60 min and venous blood samples were taken before infusion and 1 h after the start of infusion for determination of phagocytes with ingested FITC-labeled E coli by flow cytometry. Results In gelatine group the percentage of neutrophils and monocytes with phagocytic activity decreased significantly after infusion ( P

Objective To explore the application effect of simethicone combined with compound polyethylene glycol electrolyte powder before colonoscope examination. Methods 106 cases underwent colonoscope examination from October 2013 to December 2015 were enrolled in the study. Then all the cases were divided into 2 groups randomly, each with 53 cases. Patients in the control group were treated with simple oral administration of compound polyethylene glycol electrolyte powder, patients in observation group were combined using simethicone and polyethylene glycol electrolyte powder. The preoperative bowel preparation score, lesion detection and the changes of liver and renal function and electrolyte in the two groups were recorded respectively. Results Patients in the observation group were better than the control group in both the bowel preparation score and the detection rate (P < 0.05). There were no obvious adverse reactions in the course of the two groups. Conclusions Simethicone can eliminate intestinal bubbles, and combined use with polyethylene glycol electrolyte powder before colonoscope examination can significantly improve intestinal cleaning effect, improve the colonoscope examination image, enhance the detection rate of lesions.

Objective To establish a novel method to screen for anti-varicella-zoster virus (VZV) compounds with our previously generated reporter cell line for VZV, MV9G. MethodsMV9G cells were directly infected with cell-free virus of Oka vaccine strain (vOka) for 2 hours( CFV direct-infection) or cocultured with vOka-infected MeWo cells containing cell-associated virus for 48 hours (CAV co-culture) to promote expression of the reporter gene firefly luciferase. Antiviral compounds including heparin, mannose-6-phosphate( M-6-P), acyclovir( ACV ), resveratrol and roscovitine were added in the medium before or after the virus infection. Inhibitory effects( IC50 ) of the antiviral compounds were analyzed by comparing firefly luciferase activities of MV9G cells in the presence of antiviral compounds with those in the absence. Results Antiviral compounds inhibited luciferase activities of MV9G cells activated by CFV direct-infection and/or CAV co-culture in different levels. The reductions of luciferase activities statistically correlated with those of viral foci shown by immunostaining with a monoclonal antibody against VZV immediate early 62 antigens (IE62) in controls. Among these compounds, heparin, M-6-P, and 2.5 μmol/L of roscovitine inhibited CFV-activated more strongly than CAV-activated luciferase activities, whereas ACV and resveratrol inhibited CAV-activated more strongly than CFV-activated luciferase activities. Cell-associated ACV-resistant strains,Kanno and rOka YSR, activated luciferase activities of MV9G cells, too. However, the inhibitory concentrations (IC50) of ACV to the ACV-resistant strains were much higher than those to the ACV-sensitive strains,pOka and CaGu. ConclusionThe CFV direct-infection and CAV co-culture assays were useful to screen for antiviral compounds targeting the early and late phases of VZV infection, respectively. The VZV reporter cell-based assays may provide a simple, rapid, sensitive, and high-throughput method to screen for anti-VZV compounds.

The chemical structures of mequindox related metabolites in chicken plasma had been investigated using high performance liquid chromatography combined with linear ion trap quadrupole(LC-ESI/LTQ) and high performance liquid chromatography combined with ion trap-time of flight-mass spectrometry (LC-ESI/IT-TOF).Samples were separated by Hypersil BDS C_(18) and symmetry Shield columns, respectively, and 0.01% formic acid aqueous(A) and methanol(B) were used as mobile phase with gradient elution.Electros pray ionization mass spectrometric(ESI) source was used and operated in positive ion mode.When chickens were orally administered with mequindox at dosage of 20 mg/kg, blood samples were collected from the brachi al vein.Mequindox and its metabolites were extracted by the mixture of acetonitrile and acetoacetate (3:2, V/V).After solvent evaporated, the residue was dissolved in 30% methanol aqueous and the solution was detected by LC/IT-TOF MS and LC-ESI/LTQ.The molecule weight from LC-ESI/IT-TOF was analyzed by software Shimadzu's Composition and the mass chromatogram from LC-ESI/LTQ was analyzed by software Xcalibur 2.0.7.According to the molecular weight and MS~n data, referring the metabolic reaction rules, five chemical structures of mequindox related metabolites in chicken plasma were identified.Metabolites (M1-M4) were synthesized to verify the structure of metabolites.The metabolites are 3-methyl-2-(1-hydroxy) ethyl-qui-noxaline-N~1,N~4-dioxide(Ml), 3-methyl-2-(1-hydroxy) ethyl-quinoxaline-N~4-oxide(M2), 3-methyl-2-acetyl-quinoxaline-N~4-oxide, 3-methyl-2-acetyl-quinoxaline (M4), 3-hydroxymethyl-2-(1-hydroxy) ethyl-quinoxa-line-N~1,N~4-dioxide (M5).

Objective To investigate correlation between the results of drug susceptibility and the extent of drug-resistances in Mycobacterium tuberculosis clinical isolates. Methods Liquid culture and MTT test were used. Twelve anti-TB drug MICs and drug susceptibility testing of the 163 MTB strains from random clinical isolates were detected, which including RFP, INH, SM, EBM, OFLX, LVFX, MOX, AMK,CPM, PTA, CLA and PAIN. Results There are 67% (42/62) Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains resistant to SM, 63% (51/81) Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains resistant to INH, 77% (50/65) Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains resistant to RFP, 41% ( 15/37 ) Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains resistant to AMK,41% (12/29) Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains resistant to CPM, 20% (12/60) Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains resistant to EMB and 43% (25/58) Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains resistant to OFLX which MICs were equal to or more than 16 μg/ml, 8 μg/ml, 8 μg/ml, 16 μg/ml and 4 μg/ml, 4 μg/ml and 8 μg/ml,respectively. There were significant differences in the MICs of OFLX, LVFX and MOX in OFLX resistant strains (2-128, 1-32 and 0.0625-1 μg/ml, respectively) by ANOVA ( F = 16.874, P ＜ 0.001 ). The MICs of SM, INH, RFP, EMB, OFLX, AMK and CPM in isolates resistant to six or seven drugs (0.5-128,2-64,0.25-128,1-32,1-64,0.5-128 and 1-128 μg/ml,respectively) were higher than those (0.25-128,0.0625-64,0.25-32,0.25-2,0.125-2,0.5-4 and 1-4 μg/ml,respectively) in isolates resistant to one or two drugs (F=20.066, 40.499, 47. 197, 70.373, 91.432, 41.840 and 21.547, respectively, P ＜0.05). The MICs of SM, INH, RFP and EMB in isolates resistant to four drugs (1-128,2-64,0.25-128 and 1-32 μg/ml,respectively ) were higher than those ( 0.25-128,0.0625-64, 0.25-64 and 0.25-2 μg/ml,respectively) in isolates resistant to one or two drugs (F = 26.242, 23.563, 31.541 and 64.469,respectively, P ＜0.05).The MICs of RFP in MDR isolates (2-64 μg/ml) were higher than those (0. 25 μg/ml) in other resistant isolate except M DR isolates (F = 5.613, P <0.05). Conclusions The study shows that there are associations between the results of routine drug susceptibility testing and the resistant extent of anti-TB drugs. This could help doctors select more effective anti-TB regimen for TB patients according to the correlations.

Objective To investigate mutations in immediate early ( IE) gene ORF62 of three var-icella vaccine Oka strains ( vOka ) including two strains produced in China and their parental Oka strain (pOka), and then to further elucidate its possible roles in attenuation mechanism by comparing their ORF 62 promoter sequences and its activities , ORF62 coding regions and its transactivities .Methods ORF62 pro-moter-reporter plasmids and ORF62-expressing plasmids of pOka and three vOka strains ( vOka-BK from Changchun BCHT Biotechnology Co ., vOka-SH from Shanghai Institute of Biological Product Co .Ltd., and vOka-GSK from GlaxoSmithKline plc, as control) were constructed, respectively.ORF62 promoter regions and coding regions of the four strains were sequenced and then compared with each other .Differences of ac-tivities of the ORF62 promoter, and transactivities of the ORF62-encoded IE62 upon immediate early (ORF4), early (ORF28) and late (ORF67) gene promoters between pOka and vOka strains were assayed with transient transfection technique .Results Compared with pOka strain , three vOka strains had a con-sistent T deletion mutation at site 110 050 in ORF62 promoters, which did not result in any change of tran-scription factor binding motif .However , activities of ORF62 promoters from three vOka strains were signifi-cantly lower than those of pOka strain .Three consistent substitution mutations were observed in ORF 62 cod-ing regions of three vOka strains and three new enzyme restriction sites including SmaⅠ, NaeⅠand BssHⅡwere generated, respectively.Transactivities of IE62 from three vOka strains upon ORF4, ORF28 and ORF67 promoters were significantly higher than those of pOka both in CV-1 and MeWo cells , except that vOka-SH IE62 showed significantly lower transactivities upon ORF 4 promoter than those of pOka strain in CV-1 cells.Conclusion Consistent T deletion mutation at site 110 050 in ORF62 promoters of three vOka strains might be responsible for the reduced promoter activities and the changes of IE 62 transactivities .How-ever , it seemed that cell types have no significant effect on ORF 62 promoter activity or IE 62 transactivity be-tween pOka and vOka strains .

Objective:To explore the pharmacodynamic differences of india madder root before and after charcoal in antiinflammatory,ease pain,promoting blood circulation for removing blood stasis and hemostasis function.Methods: The india madder root and india madder root charcoal decoction pieces were processed by the same one operation,then the water decoction of them were given to the mouse by intragastric administration in different dosages.The method of auricle tumefaction was adopted to compare the antiinflammatory function,body wrings was adopted to compare the ease pain function,to compare the hemostasis function of india madder root before and after charcoal by snipping off the mouse’s tail and capillary method.Blood stasis model was made by injecting Dexamethasone Sodium Phosphate,then to compare the promoting blood circulation for removing blood stasis function of india madder root before and after charcoal of india madder root before and after charcoal.Results: India madder root decoction pieces is more effective than india madder root charcoal decoction pieces in antiinflammatory,ease pain,promoting blood circulation for removing blood stasis,but less effective in hemostasis.Conclusion: The function of antiinflammatory,ease pain,promoting blood circulation for removing blood stasis of india madder root were less effective after charcoal,but the fuction of hemostasis was more effective.

Objective: To investigate the effect of cyclosporin (CsA) on initial, relapsed or refractory subcutaneous panniculitis-like T-cell lymphoma (SPTCL). Methods: The clinical data of one case with long-survival SPTCL in China-Japan Friendship Hospital was retrospectively analyzed, and the literature was reviewed. Results: After CsA treatment as the initial therapy, the patient obtained rapid response and complete remission (CR). Lymphoma occurred relapse several times, but the use of CsA could got rapid remission. CR sustained from 1 to 6 years after drug withdrawal. However, CsA did not bring remission after the recent relapse. Then CHOP-like regimen was carried out, and partial remission could be reached. The patient achieved CR and 22 years survival time with CsA maintenance therapy until now. Conclusion CsA has a favorable effect on initial, relapsed or refractory SPTCL.

OBJECTIVETo induce Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) resistance with ofloxacin (Ofx) of stepwise increasing concentration in vitro, investigate stability to fluoroquinolone (FQs) antibiotic of MTB, and analyze the molecular mechanism and mutation specialty of drug resistance preliminarily.

METHODSMTB Standard strain H37RV and 24 clinical isolates susceptible to Ofx were selected and experimentally serially subcultured in liquid culture medium containing increasing concentration of Ofx and induced the drug resistance to Ofx. Variety of Minimal Inhibitory Concentrations (MICs) to FQs drugs were detected by microwell-MIC-test method. Mutations of quinolone resistance determining region (QRDR) of gyrA gene were sequenced and identified. Relationship of different mutation sites and drug resistant degree were analyzed. A total of 6 MTB clinical isolates resistant to Ofx and induced drug resistant isolates in vitro were serially subcultured in liquid culture medium without drug. Variety of drug resistant stability, including MIC and mutation of gyrA gene were detected.

RESULTSMIC values of 21 Ofx susceptible isolates after induction were eight times higher than before, which were induced to drug resistant strains successfully and also resistant to Lfx and Mfx. Hot mutations of QRDR of gyrA gene were detected by sequencing, except one strain. Mutation of codon 94 occurred in 60% (12/20) of the strains with mutations and corresponding value of 50% Minimal Inhibitory Concentrations(MIC50) was ≥ 8 µg/ml. In all, 4 of 6 MTB clinical isolates resistant to Ofx harbored mutation of codon 90 (67%) , but the corresponding value of MIC50 was 2 µg/ml. After 21 serially subcultured in liquid culture medium without drug, MIC values of 6 clinical isolates resistant to Ofx were not changed obviously and mutations were also not changed. After 11 times serially subcultured in culture medium without drug, MIC values of induced drug resistant strains were also not changed obviously, but new mutations were detected in QRDR of 3 isolates.

CONCLUSIONMTB strains resistant to three kinds of FQs antibiotic were obtained by induction in vitro with Ofx. Codons 88, 94 mutations of QRDR of gyrA gene were related to the high level FQs drug resistance of MTB. Drug resistant stability of MTB to FQs was strong, and it is difficult for MTB to resume susceptibility.

Antitubercular Agents ; pharmacology ; DNA Gyrase ; genetics ; Drug Resistance, Bacterial ; genetics ; Microbial Sensitivity Tests ; Mycobacterium tuberculosis ; drug effects ; genetics ; isolation & purification ; Ofloxacin ; pharmacology