Objective]To research and explore the characteristic of medicine in Treatise on Febrile Diseases. [Methods]Combine with the doctors of past dynasties, relevant annotations of the treatment of cough notes in Treatise on Febrile Diseases,and my own learning experience,analyze the characteristic of medicine of Zhongjing treating cough in Treatise on Febrile Diseases.[Results]Its characteristics are summed up in three points.Pay attention to the thought of the simultaneous dispersion and descending, and conform to lung qi.Pay attention to the drugs of the lung channel,especially the application of Ephedra and its compatibility with other drugs.Pay attention to“reinforcing earth to generate metal”and protect stomach qi. [Conclusion]The research of this paper is beneficial to broaden the clinical treatment of cough ideas,expand the clinical application of the classical prescription,deepen the understanding of Zhang Zhongjing's academic thought.

Objective To explore the clinical and pathological features of carcinoma in bladder diverticulum,and its diagnosis and treatment. Methods This series included 5 cases of carcinomas in bladder diverticula (male,4 and female 1;mean age,73 years).Three cases were pre-operatively confirmed by biopsy with cystoscopy,and 2 were intra-operatively confirmed by frozen section of samples.Of the 5 cases,2 of transitional cell carcinoma underwent partial cystectomy;the remaining 3,each of whom had squamous cell carcinoma,adenocarcinoma and mixed carcinoma (squamous cell carcinoma and transitional cell carcinoma),underwent radical cystectomy and ileal neobladder.After operation 3 cases received chemotherapy,1 case received chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Results The 5 cases were followed up for an average of 23 months (6～72 months).Two cases of transitional cell carcinoma had relapse,and then underwent radical cystectomy and ileal neobladder.Of them 1 died of distant metastasis soon after operation,the other had survived free of tumor for 6 years since operation.The case of squamous cell carcinoma died of multiorgan metastasis 14 months after operation.The case of adenocarcinoma died of myocardial infarction 11 months after operation.The case of mixed carcinoma had survived free of tumor for 6 months since operation. Conclusions Cystoscopy and imaging play an important role in detecting tumors originating from the bladder diverticulum.Surgical operation,especially radical cystectomy,should be performed.Adjunctive therapies such as chemotherapy and radiotherapy can be conducted if necessary.

ObjectiveTo investigate the diagnosis and treatment of occult thyroid carcinoma(OCT).MethodsRetrospective analysis on the clinical data of 34 cases of OCT was made. ResultsOnly 6 cases were preoperatively diagnosed as OCT. Total resection of the affected lobe and isthmus was performed on 16 cases with neck dissection in 14 cases. Subtotal thyroidectomy was performed on 18 cases. The occult cancer lesion was pathologically confirmed within ipsolateral lobe in all the 34 cases. Neck lymph node metastasis was found in 4 cases and local infiltration in 3 cases. The psammoma bodies in cancer lesion and adjacent normal gland were found in 15 cases. Thirty-one cases were followed up for an average of 9 years. One died of lung metastasis and two more of other unrelated diseases. Conclusion(1) The psammoma bodies in normal thyroid gland usually imply the existence of cancer. (2) Total thyroidectomy of a lobe or subtotal thyroidectomy was the therapy of choice. Local infiltration or neck lymph node metastasis necessitates additional neck dissection.

Objective To study the thyroid volume(TV) of patients with autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD) and the iodine intake and the factors associated with the goiter of patients with AITD.Methods Questionnaires,physical examination,urinary iodine concentration and thyroid B ultrasound were performed in cases of newly diagnosed patients with AITD.Result The TV of patients with AITD did not associated with the urinary iodine concentration (P ＞ 0.05).The TV associated with patients gender and age and goiter of palpation (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion The U-shape relation did not show between iodine and goiter in patients with AITD.The goiter of patients with AITD did not associated with the iodine intake.

BACKGROUND: In the clinical therapy for orthopedic diseases, the traditional administration easily induces the great fluctuation of drug concentration and side effect, and implanted drug carrier material hydroxyapatite (Hap) cannot be used in human's load bearing parts due to its poor mechanical performances, and poly-L-lactic acid (PLLA) is effortlessly degraded to acid byproducts. Drug carriers made from Hap/PLLA are supposed to not only persist releasing drug onto the lesion and reduce the side effect,but also obtain strength enhancement and eliminate tissue inflammatory reaction in favor of bone regeneration.OBJECTIVE: To observe the preparation of absorbable target control-release drug carrier and simulate the application of drugs.DESIGN: Observation trial.SETTING: Chongqing Institute of Technology and Wuhan University of Technology.MATERIALS: Tails of albino rats and PLLA (offered by Biological Center of Wuhan University of Technology), pepsin (1:10 000, Sigma company), Ca(OH)2, strong phosphoric, NaOH, glacial acetic acid, phosphate buffer (pH=7.4), 1,4-dioxane, absolute alcohol (Analytical reagent available on market).METHODS: The experiment was carried out in Chongqing Institute of Technology and Wuhan University of Technology. ①Type Ⅰ collagen (Col)was prepared by acid dissolution and alkali purification methods. Hap/Col bone-like biomimetic composite was synthesized through self-assembly mechanism of materials simulating in vitro biomineralization process of nature bone. X ray diffraction analysis and transmission electron microscope were applied to observe the characterization of composite's structure and morphology. ②The resultant product of HAP/Col composite was further synthesized with PLLA to prepare the three-dimensional porous reservoir type carrier for controlled release of drug employing thermal-induced phase separation technique. Scanning electron microscope, material test machine and specific gravity test method were used to investigate the pore structure and mechanical property of carrier material. ③The prepared Hap/Col/PLLA drug carrier was loaded with bromothymol blue to investigate in vitro control-release characteristic in simulated body fluid.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: ①Characterization of structure and morphology of Hap/Col bone-like biomimetic composite; ②Evaluation on the property and preparation technique of Hap/Col/PLLA drug carrier; ③Assessment on results of in vitro control-release trail of model composite.RESULTS: ①Hap nanocrystals formed as slender needles aligning with its crystalline c-axis preferentially oriented.②Hap/Col/PLLA drug carrier possessed apt pore configuration and physical properties for drug controlrelease.③In vitro release test by model compound revealed an approximate zero-orderslow release prior to its 80% release percentage.CONCLUSION: Hap/Col composite material is similar with natural bone, and Hap/Col/PLLA reservoir carrier can control drug release.

Objective: To fuse Mycobacterium tuberculosis protective antigen gene with mice ubiquitin gene, constructing antigen ubiquitin system. Methods: Mice ubiquitin cDNA was amplified by RT PCR from mice testicle,and 4 antigen genes were obtained by PCR from cultured Mycobacterium tuberculosis . Ubiquitin and 4 antigen genes were linked by flexible adaptor respectively and the fusing genes were cloned into pVAX vector.The recombinant plasmids were digested with endonuclease and sequenced.Then the recombinant plasmids were transfected into COS7 cells and the expression was assayed by ELISA. Results:Ubiquitin and 4 antigen genes were 0.2,0.3,0.7,1.0,1.65 kb in length by agarose electrophoresis. Endonuclease digestion of the recombinant plasmids indicated that the fusion genes were correctly inserted into pVAX vector. Sequencing results of fusion nucleic acid vaccines were identical to those in GenBank.The recombinant plasmids expressed in COS7 cells. Conclusion: Four Chinese Mycobacterium tuberculosis protective antigens ubiquitin systems are successfully constructed and can be expressed in eukaryotic cells. This may provide a basis for diagnosis and therapy of tuberculosis.

Prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), thrombin time (TT), plasma fibrino-gen (FIB), platelet aggregation rate and blood clots-fibrinolytic dynamic figure were taken as indexes in the evalua-tion of anticoagulant activity in vivo of active component F2-2 from Eupolyphaga seu Steleophaga. After 5 days of hypodermic injection of adrenaline, the rat model of acute blood stasis was established. Indexes were determined af-ter the model rats were treated with an intragastric administration of F2-2 for 9 days. The results showed that com-pared with the model group, PT/APTT was prolonged, FIB content was decreased, platelet aggregation rate and the largest of blood coagulation were declined after 9 days of intragastric administration in the model group. However, there was no difference on TT. It was concluded that the anticoagulant component F2-2 separated from E. seu Steleophaga showed favorable anticoagulant activity in vivo. However, its mechanism remained unknown and request-ed further researches.

The efficacy of patients infected with hepatitis C virus complicated with cirrhosis is not promising after treated with present standard therapy. With more and more new drugs against hepatitis C virus, many new regimens for the patients with chronic hepatitis C virus complicated with cirrhosis have come forth. Because the adverse reactions of the first generation HCV protease inhibi-tors telaprevir and boceprevir are severe, they are not recommended to be used in the patients with chronic hepatitis C virus complicated with cirrhosis. The other drugs, such as simeprevir, sofosbuvir and ledipasvir show good efficacy in the patients with chronic hepatitis C virus complicated with cirrhosis, however, the sustained virological response ( SVR) in the patients with chronic hepatitis C virus complicated with cirrhosis is lower than that in the patients with chronic hepatitis C virus without cirrhosis. Therefore, the regimens should be optimized in the future to narrow the gap in SVR.

An adult patient with hypophosphatasia caused by compound heterozygous mutations in alkaline phosphatase,liver /bone /kidney(ALPL)gene was investigated through comprehensively reviewing the medical history and clinical records of the proband and her family members in order to better understand the disease.The proband and her older sister had mild decreased serum alkaline phosphatase level accompanied with frequently nontraumatic fractures at limbs and all the teeth fell off at the age of 20 and 7, respectively.Both of them carried a missense mutation c.407G>A(p.Arg136His)in exon 5 and a deletion mutation c.1318_1320delAAC(p.Asn440del)in exon 12 simultaneously.Other four family members were p.Arg136His mutation carriers and two members were p.Asn440del mutation carriers.We found that p.Asn440del mutation was associated with the oral disorders.In this family, compound heterozygous manifested more serious symptoms, while heterozygous showed relatively mild symptoms.In addition, it is necessary to differentiate it from primary osteoporosis and other diseases of disturbed bone mineralization.