Congresses as Topic ; Head ; Head and Neck Neoplasms ; Humans ; Neck ; United States

Objective To establish reference methods for the measurement of catalytic activity concentrations of enzymes at 37℃ which have been published by IFCC and evaluate accuracy of reference methods.Methods Six reference methods for the measurement of catalytic activity of enzymes were established with two sets of apparatus systems of PE and Agilent according to International Federation of Clinical Chemistry(IFCC)37℃ reference procedures in two reference labs respectively.The commercial Roche calibrator c.f.a.s was used to monitor the precision of two reference labs as quality control material.Certified Reference Materials(CRMs)represented an efficient tool to assess the analytic performance for the verification of trueness and in two labs.The measurement accuracy of the assays for catalytic activity concentrations of 6 enzymes [alanine aminotransferase(ALT),aspartate aminotransferase(AST),lactate dehydrogenase(LDH),creatine kinase(CK),gamma-glutamyhransferase(GGT),amylase(AMY)]was further verified and validated by international ring trial program.Results The within-laboratory variations of 6 enzymes in both of the reference lab were ranged from 0.5%-1.9%.Their results showed fully agreement with deviation less than 2.1%.The value of CRM was in the tolerant limit and analytic accuracy was verified.The results of four enzymes(ALT,AST,GGT,AMY)lay within (x)±s.However,the result of CK and LDH lay within (x)±2s.Except sample A for the LDH testing,we did not find any deviation variable in the detection of other enzymes.Conclusions The reference methods for the measurement of catalytic activity of enzymes(ALT,AST,LDH,CK,GGT,AMY)at 37℃ in the two labs by use of two sets of apparatus systems of PE and Agilent have been established and these methods showed excellent stability and accuracy.

PURPOSE: Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is a major cause of liver disease. Several miRNAs have been found to be associated with HCV infection. This study aimed to investigate the functional roles and possible molecular mechanisms of miR-215 in HCV replication. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The expression levels of miR-215 and TRIM22 were detected by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) and western blot analysis in Con1b subgenomic genotype 1b HCV replicon cells (Con1b cells) and JFH1 full genome infecting Huh7.5.1 cells (Huh7.5.1 cells). HCV RNA levels were measured by qRT-PCR. The protein levels of NS3, NS5A, p65 subunit of NF-κB (p65), and phosphorylated p65 (p-p65) were determined by western blot analysis. The relationship between miR-215 and TRIM22 were explored by target prediction and luciferase reporter analysis. RESULTS: miR-215 overexpression enhanced HCV replication in Con1b cells, while miR-215 knockdown suppressed HCV replication in Huh7.5.1 cells. TRIM22 was confirmed to be a direct target of miR-215. TRIM22 upregulation resulted in a decline in HCV replication, while TRIM22 inhibition led to enhancement of HCV replication. Additionally, exogenous expression of TRIM22 reversed the facilitating effect of miR-215 on HCV replication, while TRIM22 downregulation counteracted the inhibitory effect of miR-215 knockdown on HCV replication. Furthermore, miR-215 targeted TRIM22 to block the NF-κB pathway, and exerted a positively regulatory role on HCV replication. CONCLUSION: miR-215 facilitated HCV replication via inactivation of the NF-κB pathway by inhibiting TRIM22, providing a novel potential target for HCV infection.
Blotting, Western ; Down-Regulation ; Genome ; Genotype ; Hepacivirus ; Liver Diseases ; Luciferases ; MicroRNAs ; Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Replicon ; RNA ; Up-Regulation

ObjectiveTo understand the epidemiological and etiological characteristics of food-borne diseases in Wenchang， Hainan Province， and to analyze the suspected food exposure sites and sources so as to provide scientific data for early prevention. MethodsThe data of food-borne disease cases， including basic information， time， population， region， suspected exposed food， etiology， etc.， from the sentinel hospitals of the surveillance systems in Wenchang from 2017 to 2021 were statistically analyzed. ResultsA total of 2 219 food-borne disease cases were collected from 2017 to 2021. The male-to-female sex ratio was 1.2：1， and there was no significant statistical difference （χ²=5.732， P>0.05）. Cases were mainly concentrated in children aged <7 years （43.26%）， followed by 7 to 18 years （15.41%）， 19 to 30 years （11.72%） and >60 years （11.36%）， and there was a significant statistical difference （χ²=168.125， P<0.001）. The highest number of cases were found in preschool children （36.05%）， followed by students （17.49%） and farmers （16.18%）. The peak incidence occurred from July to November （54.44%）. The suspected exposure foods reported in the monitored cases were mainly vegetable foods （17.49%） and mixed foods （17.08%）. The exposure sites were primarily households （76.30%） and catering services （13.56%）. The positive rate of pathogens was 12.26% in 1085 tested samples， and there was no statistically significant difference in the annual detection rate （χ²=1.086， P>0.05）. The main pathogens of food-borne pathogens were Salmonella （9.95%）， followed by norovirus （2.03%） and rotavirus （0.28%）. ConclusionThe surveillance of foodborne disease cases in Wenchang shows seasonal peak patterns according to population and pathogen epidemiological features. The main affected groups are preschool children， students， farmers， and the elderly. The exposures are mainly related to vegetable foods and mixed foods in households and catering service establishments. Efforts should be made to strengthen food safety awareness， health education， and supervision targeting residents and food operators in order to reduce the incidence of foodborne diseases in the Wenchang area.

Objective To observe the efficacy of maintenance treatment with decitabine and dasatinib after allogenic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for myeloid sarcoma.Methods A 29-year-old male patient was diagnosed with abdominal myeloid sarcoma and acute myeloid leukemia with c-kit mutation and t(8;21).Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation was performed after inducted remission.The conditioning regimen was decitabine + FLAG + modified Bu/Cy.Prophylaxis of GVHD was performed with cyclosporine mycophenolate mofetil and short-term methotrexate.The patient received 11.73 × 108 mononucleated cells/kg and 17.59 × 106CD34+ cells/kg from donor.At Day 13 post-transplantation,neutrophils reached 0.5 × 109/L and platelet count was 20 × 109/L.Decitabine was prescribed since Day 50 post-transplantation monthly for 5 courses.And dasatinib was offered orally since Day 100 for 4 months.Results It was followed up to 16 months post-transplantation.There were no obvious abnormalities of bone marrow cytology,AML/ETO fusion gene quantification,cerebrospinal fluid or abdominal enhanced computed tomography (CT).Conclusions Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation is an effective treatment for myeloid sarcoma.Decitabine has some efficacy for myeloid sarcoma and it may be used for maintenance treatment after transplantation.Tyrosine kinase inhibitors reduce recurrence in myeloid sarcoma with c-kit mutation.The treatment of decitabine and dasatinib after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation yield excellent outcomes.This is the first report in domestic and foreign literatures.

Objective To investigate the effects of phonosurgery combined with botulinumtoxinof type A in-jection in adults with vocal nodules .Methods A total of 76 adults with diagnosis of vocal nodules were studied in this experiment .They were divided into two group according to the different treatments :the surgery group (n=40) ,and the group with the combined botulinum toxin of type A injection (n=36) .Preoperative and postoperative examinations consisted of electronic laryngoscope ,stroboscopic laryngoscope ,voice assessments of subjective and objective evaluations using GRBAS classification and voice disorder index (VHI) .The evaluation parameters were the longest phonation time (MPT) ,jitter and shimmer and dysphonia severity index (DSI) .The results from the two groups were compared .Results There were 5 cases cured ,28 cases improved and 7 cases of now effects in the surgery group .The effective rate was 82 .5％ .There were 30 cases cured and 6 cases improved in the combined in-jection group with the effective rate of 100％ .There were 22 cases with good glottis closure and 18 cases with incom-plete closure in the surgery group postoperatively ;in the combined injection group ,30 cases glottis closed well and 6 cases still closed incompletely .The differences of postoperative VHI ,MPT ,jitter ,shimmer and DSI in addition to G were significant different between the two groups .Conclusion Phonosurgery combined with botulinum toxin of type A injection is an effective way for the treatment of vocal fold nodules in adults .

Objective To investigate the effects of pre-electroacupuncture(EA)on spatial learning and memory,the locus coeruleus-hippocampal neural circuit,and neuroinflammation in Alzheimer's disease(AD)-like rats,and to explore the possible mechanism of pre-EA in preventing and treating AD.Methods Thirty-six male SD rats were divided into the normal,model,EA,and sham EA groups using the random number table method,with nine rats per group.An AD-like rat model was prepared through intraperitoneal injection of 120 mg/(kg·d)D-galactose for eight consecutive weeks.After daily intraperitoneal injection,the rats in the EA group underwent EA stimulation at the"Neiguan"(PC6)and"Jianshi"(PC5)acupoints with a continuous wave,frequency of 50 Hz,and a current of 1 mA for 20 min once a day for 8 weeks.The sham EA group was only superficially punctured to the subcutaneous tissue at the"Neiguan"(PC6)and"Jianshi"(PC5)acupoints without electricity,and the rest of the operations were the same as those in the EA group.The Morris water maze experiment was then used to evaluate the spatial learning and memory of the rats.Immunofluorescence labeling was used to detect dopamine β hydroxylase and c-Fos co-localization in the locus coeruleus of noradrenergic neurons,as well as glial fibrillary acidic protein and tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α)co-localization in the CA1 area of the hippocampus of astrocytes.Western blotting was used to measure the protein expressions of norepinephrine(NE),β2-adrenergic receptor(β2AR),β-inhibitory protein 2(β-arrestin2),nuclear transcription factor-κB(NF-κB)inhibitory factor protein α(IκBα),and NF-κB in the hippocampus of rats.An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to detect the TNF-α,interleukin-1β(IL-1β),and interleukin-6(IL-6)contents in hippocampal tissue.Results Compared with the normal group,the average escape latency of the model group rats was prolonged,and the times of crossing platform and exploration time in the target quadrant were reduced(P<0.01),while the EA intervention can shorten the average escape latency and increase the times of crossing platform and exploration time in the target quadrant(P<0.01).Compared with the normal group,the expression of co-located noradrenergic neurons in the model group decreased,co-located astrocytes increased(P<0.01);NE,β2AR,β-arrestin2,and IκBα protein expression decreased(P<0.01),NF-κB protein expression increased(P<0.01);the contents of TNF-α,IL-1β,and IL-6 increased(P<0.01).Compared with the model group,the EA group showed an increase in the expression of co-located noradrenergic neurons,a decrease in co-located astrocytes(P<0.01),an increase in NE,β2AR,β-arrestin2,and IκBα protein expressions(P<0.01),a decrease in NF-κB protein expression(P<0.01),and a decrease in TNF-α,IL-1β,and IL-6 levels(P<0.01).No significant difference was observed in the above indicators between the model and sham EA groups.Conclusion Pre-EA at"Neiguan"(PC6)and"Jianshi"(PC5)can alleviate learning and memory dysfunction,alleviate noradrenergic neuronal loss in the locus coeruleus,inhibit astrocyte activation,protect the locus coeruleus-hippocampal neural circuit,and may be associated with inhibiting β2AR/β-arrestin2/NF-κB inflammatory pathway activation.

Objective To investigate the effects of pre-electroacupuncture(EA)on spatial learning and memory,the locus coeruleus-hippocampal neural circuit,and neuroinflammation in Alzheimer's disease(AD)-like rats,and to explore the possible mechanism of pre-EA in preventing and treating AD.Methods Thirty-six male SD rats were divided into the normal,model,EA,and sham EA groups using the random number table method,with nine rats per group.An AD-like rat model was prepared through intraperitoneal injection of 120 mg/(kg·d)D-galactose for eight consecutive weeks.After daily intraperitoneal injection,the rats in the EA group underwent EA stimulation at the"Neiguan"(PC6)and"Jianshi"(PC5)acupoints with a continuous wave,frequency of 50 Hz,and a current of 1 mA for 20 min once a day for 8 weeks.The sham EA group was only superficially punctured to the subcutaneous tissue at the"Neiguan"(PC6)and"Jianshi"(PC5)acupoints without electricity,and the rest of the operations were the same as those in the EA group.The Morris water maze experiment was then used to evaluate the spatial learning and memory of the rats.Immunofluorescence labeling was used to detect dopamine β hydroxylase and c-Fos co-localization in the locus coeruleus of noradrenergic neurons,as well as glial fibrillary acidic protein and tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α)co-localization in the CA1 area of the hippocampus of astrocytes.Western blotting was used to measure the protein expressions of norepinephrine(NE),β2-adrenergic receptor(β2AR),β-inhibitory protein 2(β-arrestin2),nuclear transcription factor-κB(NF-κB)inhibitory factor protein α(IκBα),and NF-κB in the hippocampus of rats.An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to detect the TNF-α,interleukin-1β(IL-1β),and interleukin-6(IL-6)contents in hippocampal tissue.Results Compared with the normal group,the average escape latency of the model group rats was prolonged,and the times of crossing platform and exploration time in the target quadrant were reduced(P<0.01),while the EA intervention can shorten the average escape latency and increase the times of crossing platform and exploration time in the target quadrant(P<0.01).Compared with the normal group,the expression of co-located noradrenergic neurons in the model group decreased,co-located astrocytes increased(P<0.01);NE,β2AR,β-arrestin2,and IκBα protein expression decreased(P<0.01),NF-κB protein expression increased(P<0.01);the contents of TNF-α,IL-1β,and IL-6 increased(P<0.01).Compared with the model group,the EA group showed an increase in the expression of co-located noradrenergic neurons,a decrease in co-located astrocytes(P<0.01),an increase in NE,β2AR,β-arrestin2,and IκBα protein expressions(P<0.01),a decrease in NF-κB protein expression(P<0.01),and a decrease in TNF-α,IL-1β,and IL-6 levels(P<0.01).No significant difference was observed in the above indicators between the model and sham EA groups.Conclusion Pre-EA at"Neiguan"(PC6)and"Jianshi"(PC5)can alleviate learning and memory dysfunction,alleviate noradrenergic neuronal loss in the locus coeruleus,inhibit astrocyte activation,protect the locus coeruleus-hippocampal neural circuit,and may be associated with inhibiting β2AR/β-arrestin2/NF-κB inflammatory pathway activation.

Objective To investigate the effects of pre-electroacupuncture(EA)on spatial learning and memory,the locus coeruleus-hippocampal neural circuit,and neuroinflammation in Alzheimer's disease(AD)-like rats,and to explore the possible mechanism of pre-EA in preventing and treating AD.Methods Thirty-six male SD rats were divided into the normal,model,EA,and sham EA groups using the random number table method,with nine rats per group.An AD-like rat model was prepared through intraperitoneal injection of 120 mg/(kg·d)D-galactose for eight consecutive weeks.After daily intraperitoneal injection,the rats in the EA group underwent EA stimulation at the"Neiguan"(PC6)and"Jianshi"(PC5)acupoints with a continuous wave,frequency of 50 Hz,and a current of 1 mA for 20 min once a day for 8 weeks.The sham EA group was only superficially punctured to the subcutaneous tissue at the"Neiguan"(PC6)and"Jianshi"(PC5)acupoints without electricity,and the rest of the operations were the same as those in the EA group.The Morris water maze experiment was then used to evaluate the spatial learning and memory of the rats.Immunofluorescence labeling was used to detect dopamine β hydroxylase and c-Fos co-localization in the locus coeruleus of noradrenergic neurons,as well as glial fibrillary acidic protein and tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α)co-localization in the CA1 area of the hippocampus of astrocytes.Western blotting was used to measure the protein expressions of norepinephrine(NE),β2-adrenergic receptor(β2AR),β-inhibitory protein 2(β-arrestin2),nuclear transcription factor-κB(NF-κB)inhibitory factor protein α(IκBα),and NF-κB in the hippocampus of rats.An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to detect the TNF-α,interleukin-1β(IL-1β),and interleukin-6(IL-6)contents in hippocampal tissue.Results Compared with the normal group,the average escape latency of the model group rats was prolonged,and the times of crossing platform and exploration time in the target quadrant were reduced(P<0.01),while the EA intervention can shorten the average escape latency and increase the times of crossing platform and exploration time in the target quadrant(P<0.01).Compared with the normal group,the expression of co-located noradrenergic neurons in the model group decreased,co-located astrocytes increased(P<0.01);NE,β2AR,β-arrestin2,and IκBα protein expression decreased(P<0.01),NF-κB protein expression increased(P<0.01);the contents of TNF-α,IL-1β,and IL-6 increased(P<0.01).Compared with the model group,the EA group showed an increase in the expression of co-located noradrenergic neurons,a decrease in co-located astrocytes(P<0.01),an increase in NE,β2AR,β-arrestin2,and IκBα protein expressions(P<0.01),a decrease in NF-κB protein expression(P<0.01),and a decrease in TNF-α,IL-1β,and IL-6 levels(P<0.01).No significant difference was observed in the above indicators between the model and sham EA groups.Conclusion Pre-EA at"Neiguan"(PC6)and"Jianshi"(PC5)can alleviate learning and memory dysfunction,alleviate noradrenergic neuronal loss in the locus coeruleus,inhibit astrocyte activation,protect the locus coeruleus-hippocampal neural circuit,and may be associated with inhibiting β2AR/β-arrestin2/NF-κB inflammatory pathway activation.

Objective To investigate the effects of pre-electroacupuncture(EA)on spatial learning and memory,the locus coeruleus-hippocampal neural circuit,and neuroinflammation in Alzheimer's disease(AD)-like rats,and to explore the possible mechanism of pre-EA in preventing and treating AD.Methods Thirty-six male SD rats were divided into the normal,model,EA,and sham EA groups using the random number table method,with nine rats per group.An AD-like rat model was prepared through intraperitoneal injection of 120 mg/(kg·d)D-galactose for eight consecutive weeks.After daily intraperitoneal injection,the rats in the EA group underwent EA stimulation at the"Neiguan"(PC6)and"Jianshi"(PC5)acupoints with a continuous wave,frequency of 50 Hz,and a current of 1 mA for 20 min once a day for 8 weeks.The sham EA group was only superficially punctured to the subcutaneous tissue at the"Neiguan"(PC6)and"Jianshi"(PC5)acupoints without electricity,and the rest of the operations were the same as those in the EA group.The Morris water maze experiment was then used to evaluate the spatial learning and memory of the rats.Immunofluorescence labeling was used to detect dopamine β hydroxylase and c-Fos co-localization in the locus coeruleus of noradrenergic neurons,as well as glial fibrillary acidic protein and tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α)co-localization in the CA1 area of the hippocampus of astrocytes.Western blotting was used to measure the protein expressions of norepinephrine(NE),β2-adrenergic receptor(β2AR),β-inhibitory protein 2(β-arrestin2),nuclear transcription factor-κB(NF-κB)inhibitory factor protein α(IκBα),and NF-κB in the hippocampus of rats.An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to detect the TNF-α,interleukin-1β(IL-1β),and interleukin-6(IL-6)contents in hippocampal tissue.Results Compared with the normal group,the average escape latency of the model group rats was prolonged,and the times of crossing platform and exploration time in the target quadrant were reduced(P<0.01),while the EA intervention can shorten the average escape latency and increase the times of crossing platform and exploration time in the target quadrant(P<0.01).Compared with the normal group,the expression of co-located noradrenergic neurons in the model group decreased,co-located astrocytes increased(P<0.01);NE,β2AR,β-arrestin2,and IκBα protein expression decreased(P<0.01),NF-κB protein expression increased(P<0.01);the contents of TNF-α,IL-1β,and IL-6 increased(P<0.01).Compared with the model group,the EA group showed an increase in the expression of co-located noradrenergic neurons,a decrease in co-located astrocytes(P<0.01),an increase in NE,β2AR,β-arrestin2,and IκBα protein expressions(P<0.01),a decrease in NF-κB protein expression(P<0.01),and a decrease in TNF-α,IL-1β,and IL-6 levels(P<0.01).No significant difference was observed in the above indicators between the model and sham EA groups.Conclusion Pre-EA at"Neiguan"(PC6)and"Jianshi"(PC5)can alleviate learning and memory dysfunction,alleviate noradrenergic neuronal loss in the locus coeruleus,inhibit astrocyte activation,protect the locus coeruleus-hippocampal neural circuit,and may be associated with inhibiting β2AR/β-arrestin2/NF-κB inflammatory pathway activation.