Chloride channel CLC-5 is a voltage-dependent gated channel.The voltage-gated characteristic of CLC-5 is not only regulated by glutamate E211 and E268,but also by lysine K210.In proximal renal tubule,CLC-5 can interact with megalin protein,and adjust the reabsorption of albumin together.CLC-5 can also affect the activities of the sodium hydrogen exchanger isoform 3 in proximal renal tubule.CLCN5 gene mutations can lead to Dent disease,and recent studies have found some new pathogenic mutants of CLC-5,VS05G,L266V and G446A,and so on.CLCN5 can also mutate together with ORCL1,and then result in Dent disease.However,the regulatory mechanism of the voltage-gated channel,physiological functions and molecular mechanism,and Dent disease are still not entirely clear.In this paper,we will review these problems of CLC-5.

Objective To compare various CT signs of pancreatic carcinoma (PC) and inflammatory pancreatic mass (IPM), and to study the diagnostic value of these signs for distinguishing two diseases. Methods Eigty-five patients with PC and IPM were proved by surgery, fine needle aspiration or other comprehensive methods. These patients underwent non-enhanced and enhanced CT scans. CT findings were analyzed retrospectively. The occurrance rates of various CT signs in these two diseases were analyzed with Fisher test and were compared with the corresponding clinical and operational results as welL Results Among the 85 patients, 66 patients were proved to have PC, and 19 were proved to have IPM. In PC group,58 were corerectly diagnosed with CT, 3 (4. 5% ) were misdiagnosed, and 5 (7.6%) were omitted. In IPM group, 9 were correctly diagnosed with CT and 10 (52. 6% ) were misdiagnosed. The CT findings were as follows: (1) Pancreatic mass with liver metastases, lymph node metastases, encased celiac arteries, and cancer emboli in portal veins just occurred in PC group. (2) The occurrence rates of mass over 3 cm in diameter, clear boundary, low-density area within the mass, pseudocysts, peripancreatie infiltration, ascites, and slight and moderate pancreatic-bile duct dilation in PC group were 90. 91% (60/66), 15.15% ( 10/66), 54. 55% ( 36/66 ), 10. 61% ( 7/66 ), 4. 55% ( 3/66 ), 22. 73% ( 15/66 ), 24. 24% ( 16/66 ), 45.45% (30/66), and 27. 27% (18/66) respectively, the occurrence rates in IPM group were 94. 74% ( 18/19), 15.79% ( 3/19 ), 52. 63% ( 10/19 ), 15.79% ( 3/19 ), 15. 79% ( 3/19 ), 21.05% (4/19), 31.58% (6/19) ,21.05% (4/19), and 5.26% (1/19) respectively. There was no statistical difference for these CT findings between two groups(P >0. 05). (3) Pancreatic head mass with atrophy of pancreatic body and tail, mass calcification, pancreatic duct-penetrating sign, pancreatic head mass with hypertrophy of pancreatic body and tail, biliary stones with inflammation , and thickening of pre-kidney fascia in PC group were 48.48% ( 32/66 ), 3.03% ( 2/66 ), 1.52% ( 1/66 ), 10. 61% ( 7/66 ), 6. 06% ( 4/66 ) and 3.03% (2/66) respectively, the occurrence rates of those in IPM group were 5. 26% (1/19),47.37% (9/19), 15.79% ( 3/19 ), 84. 21% ( 16/19 ), 36. 84% ( 7/19 ) and 21.05% ( 4/19 ) respectively. There was statistical difference for these CT findings between two groups ( P < 0. 05 ) . Conclusion Accurate evaluation of various CT signs in PC and IPM is of great importance in the diagnosis of the two diseases.

Objective: To explore the impact of CT image reconstruction methods on the performance of pulmonary nodule detection algorithm based on deep learning (DL). Methods: Lung CT images of 298 cases were labeled by 2 attending doctors, and the inconsistent results between them were checked by a senior doctor. The final labels were regarded as the gold standards of this experiment. Pulmonary nodule detection algorithm was constructed based on a deep neural network and tested on these 298 cases. Comparing the output of the detection algorithm with the doctor's labeling, the sensitivity, accuracy and F1-score of the algorithm were calculated, especially those under different CT image reconstruction methods. Afterwards, the false-positive detections of the algorithm were checked, and the detailed distribution of these false positives was presented. Diagnostic effects of the model were analyzed among different CT image reconstruction algorithms. Results: The sensitivity of pulmonary nodule detection algorithm under mediastinum, lung, and bone CT reconstruction methods was 92.33% (313/339), 86.97% (287/330) and 92.73% (319/344), while the precision was 23.55% (313/1 329), 37.91% (287/757) and 27.84% (319/1 146), respectively. Taken sensitivity and precision into account, F1-socre of these 3 reconstruction methods was 0.38, 0.53 and 0.43, respectively (all P>0.05). Conclusion: Pulmonary nodule detection algorithm based on DL achieves excellent performance under pulmonary window reconstruction, mediastinum window reconstruction and bone window reconstruction, which can help doctors to improve work efficiency and diagnose quality.

Objective To establish a cardiac rehabilitation management program for patients with percutaneous coronary intervention ( PCI ) based on Omaha System. Methods Delphi method was used to interview 27 experts from October to December 2015,and we took two rounds mailing interview. Results The effective returning rates of the first and second round mailing interview were 100% and 92. 60%. The authority coefficient of the experts was 0.92, and the coordination coefficient of experts′opinion was 0.19.Eventually, the cardiac rehabilitation management program included 13 project indicators, 37 assessment indicators, 37 intervention indicators and 5 follow-up time indicators.Conclusions The result of the study is reliable and it may provide references for medical institutions to having a comprehensive knowledge of patients with PCI, thus they can accurately improve the effect of PCI cardiac management and offer evidence for reducing adverse cardiac events.

Objective? To investigate the impact of establishing a follow-up center on the perception of vulnerability and anxiety in the parents of children of congenital heart disease (CHD) undergoing interventional therapy. Methods? A total of 80 parents of children with CHD undergoing interventional therapy in the Cardiology Department of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University from September 2017 to December 2017 were selected as study subjects by purposive sampling method. The parents of the children admitted to hospital from September to October in 2017 were the control group, while the parents of children in the period from November to December in 2017 were the experimental group. The control group were given general discharge guidance, and the intervention group was included in the Follow-up Center for intervention. Parent Perception of Vulnerability Scale and Self-rating Anxiety Scale (SAS) were applied to evaluate the intervention effects. Results? There was no statistical significance in the difference in scores of Parent Perception of Vulnerability Scale between the two groups before intervention (P＞0.05). The scores of Parent Perception of Vulnerability Scale at the time of discharge and 3 months after intervention of the experimental group were lower than those of the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (P＜ 0.01). There was no statistical significance in the difference in the scores of SAS between the two groups before intervention (P＞0.05). At the time of discharge and 3 months after intervention, the score of SAS was lower in the experimental group than in the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (P＜0.05). Conclusions? Setting up the Follow-up Center for parents of children can effectively reduce the perceived vulnerability and anxiety of them, and it is suggested that they should be further popularized and applied clinically.

Objective To study the dynamic changes of blood carnitine and acylcarnitine levels in preterm infants during parenteral and enteral nutritional support,and the relationship between carnitine status and nutritional patterns,gestational age (GA) and weight gain.Method From January 2017 to December 2017,preterm infants admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) within 24 hours after birth and received parenteral nutrition support were enrolled.They were assigned into 4 groups according to their GA:ultra-premature infants (＜ 28 weeks),very premature infants (28 ～ 31 weeks),mid premature infants (32 ～ 33 weeks) and late premature infants (34 ～ 36 weeks).They were assigned into 2 groups according to their average daily weight gain:＜ 15 g/(kg · d) group and ≥15 g/(kg · d) group.Blood samples were collected and examined as dried-blood spot specimens on filter paper for four times:after born,given total parenteral nutrition,given enteral combined parenteral nutrition,and given total parenteral nutrition.The concentrations of free carnitine and acylcarnitine were detected using liquid chromatographytandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS).SPSS 21.0 statistical software was used for statistical analysis.Result A total of 124 preterm infants and 410 samples were collected.As the infants experienced gradual transition from parenteral nutrition to enteral nutrition,the free carnitine and most acylcarnitines levels were decreasing (C3,C4,C10DC,C12,C12∶1,C12DC,C14,C16,C16∶ 1,C16-OH and C18,P＜0.05).Preterm infants with small GA showed higher levels of C4-OH (P =0.001) and C5 (P =0.001).Preterm infants with lower velocity of weight gain showed lower concentration of C5-OH (P =0.006) in the early postnatal period.Conclusion Free carnitine and acylcarnitine in preterm infants during the early postnatal period are decreasing with the transition from parenteral nutrition to enteral nutrition,indicating that the exogenous nutrition is relatively insufficient.C4-OH and C5 levels are negatively correlated with GA.In addition,lower level of C5-OH may indicate slow weight gain during the early postnatal period.

Objective:To explore the predictive effect of acute stress disorder (ASD) in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) on subsequent post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) , and to clarify the potential mediating role and pathway of type D personality and cognitive evaluation in the evolution of ASD to PTSD in AMI patients.Methods:Using the convenient sampling method, patients with newly diagnosed AMI in Department of Cardiology of the 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University from September to December 2019 were selected as the research subjects. General Information Questionnaire, Acute Stress Disorder Scale (ASDS) , Type D Personality Scale-14 (DS-14) and Cognitive Appraisal of Health Scale (CAHS) were used for survey 1 to 2 days after hospitalization.One month after discharge from the hospital, a follow-up call was used to complete Post-traumatic Stress Disorder Checklist-Civilian Version (PCL-C) .Results:A total of 494 questionnaires were distributed in this study, and 457 valid questionnaires were returned.The incidence of ASD in AMI patients was 31.29% (143/457) , and the ASDS score was (40.28±12.74) . The incidence of PTSD was 33.5% (153/457) , and the PCL-C score was (34.49±14.00) .The moderated mediating effect analysis showed that ASD could directly and positively predict PTSD ( P<0.01) , and injury cognition and irrelevant cognition played a mediating role in the transition from ASD to PTSD ( P<0.01) .At the same time, type D personality can influence the process of ASD to PTSD transformation by regulating injury cognition and irrelevant cognition ( P<0.05) . Conclusions:The occurrence of ASD in AMI patients can effectively predict the occurrence of PTSD one month after discharge.At the same time, the cognitive evaluation of type D personality regulation can play an important mediating role in the process of ASD transforming into PTSD.

Objective:To explore the effect of network learning environment on critical thinking ability of nursing undergraduates.Methods:From September 2021 to January 2022, a total of 84 nursing undergraduates in the third grade of Nursing School of Harbin Medical University were selected as the research objects. The Online Learning Environment Scale and the Chinese version of Critical Thinking Ability Scale were used to investigate.Results:The total score of Online Learning Environment Scale of 84 nursing undergraduates was (63.21±15.29) , and the Chinese version of Crital Thinking Ability Scale was (248.71±36.35) . The total score of Online Learning Environment Scale of nursing undergraduates was positively correlated with the total score of Chinese version of Critical Thinking Ability Scale of nursing undergraduates ( P<0.01) . The results of multiple linear regression analysis showed that the influencing factors of critical thinking ability of nursing undergraduates included family economic situation, whether they could receive free online database resources from schools, and online learning environment ( P<0.05) . Conclusions:The online learning environment for nursing undergraduates is at a moderate level. It is suggested that nursing undergraduates should optimize the content and form of online learning and provide targeted learning support resources so as to improve the critical thinking ability of nursing undergraduates.

Objective:To investigate the status quo and influencing factors of the somatization of depressive emotions among college students, in order to provide a theoretical basis for the reform of mental health education and the formulation of operable mental health counseling for college students.Methods:Totally 297 college students from two institutions of higher education in Heilongjiang Province were selected by convenience sampling and investigated with the College Student Depressive Emotion Somatization Questionnaire, Attitudes Toward Seeking Professional Psychological Help Scale-Short Form (ATSPPH-SF), and the Type D Personality Scale (DS14) .Results:The total score for the College Student Depressive Emotion Somatization Questionnaire among the 297 students was (28.49±8.07), and the total score for the ATSPPH-SF was (21.98±2.73). Multiple linear regression analysis showed that the influencing factors for the somatization of depressive emotions in college students were professional psychological help-seeking attitudes and whether they had a Type D personality ( P < 0.05) . Conclusions:During university education, there should be a focus on students' personality traits and the positivity of their attitudes toward seeking professional psychological help in order to mitigate the occurrence of adverse psychological issues such as symptoms of depressive somatization.

Objective To study anti-aging mechanism of skin with water extract of Codonopsis Radix by applying computational biology and animal experiments.Methods A total of 50 SPF 8-week-old C57BL/6 mice were selected and then randomly divided into five groups.D-galactose-induced aging mice model was constructed,and different doses of water extract of Codonopsis Radix were used for intervention.Hematoxylin-eosin staining(HE)and Masson staining were used to observe the pathological changes of mouse skin tissue.The content of hydroxyproline(HYP),superoxide dismutase(SOD),and malondialdehyde(MDA)in mouse skin were measured by biochemical detection.Transmission electron microscopy was used to observe the ultrastructural changes of mouse skin tissue.The chip data of skin aging from GEO database was obtained to screen skin-aging differential genes.TCMSP and UniProt databases were used to search for active ingredients and targets of Codonopsis Radix.The intersection of targets for Codonopsis Radix-skin aging was obtained by integrating the above data.A protein interaction network of all core gene proteins for Codonopsis Radix intervention in skin aging was constructed through the STRING database.Then,quantitative real-time PCR(RT-qPCR)and Western Blotting were used to verify target genes expression and pathway-related protein expression after the intervention of Codonopsis Radix in the aging model.Results Compared with the normal control group,the skin tissue structure of mice in senile model group were damaged significantly,the damage of skin tissue structure was improved significantly after the intervention of Codonopsis Radix.Compared with the normal control group,the content of HYP and SOD in the skin tissue of mice in senile model group were significantly reduced(P＜0.05),while MDA was significantly increased(P＜0.05).After the intervention of Codonopsis Radix,the content of HYP and SOD were increased,while MDA was decreased(P＜0.05)compared with senile model group.It was found that matrix metalloproteinase 9(MMP9)was the core target for the intervention of Codonopsis Radix on skin aging in computational biology.Experiments have shown that the expression of MMP9 was significantly increased in the skin of aging model mice compared to normal control group(P＜0.05).After the intervention of Codonopsis Radix,the expression of MMP9 is significantly reduced(P＜0.05),the expression of the key protein including inhibitory subunit of NF-kappa B alpha(IκBα)、IκB kinase-alpha(IKKα)、nuclear factor kappa-B(NF-κB)P65 of NF-κB signaling pathway were significantly changed(P＜0.05).Conclusion Codonopsis Radix water extract can effectively alleviate skin aging in aging model mice by inhibiting the protein expression of IκBα、IKKα、NF-κB P65 of NF-κB signaling pathway,reducing the expression of downstream gene MMP9,and ultimately alleviate skin collagen damage and resist skin aging.