Objective:To choose some cephalometric variables for early predicting curative effects of facial mask.Methods:Sixty five patients in success group and eight patients in failure group were chosen,whose cephalograms taken in the mixed dentition were available.The cephalograms were measured,the indexes were analyzed and discriminant equation was established.Results:The mean value of ANB was(-1.82?2.11)? in success group and(-4.61?3.26)? in failure group(P0,failure in early treatment need more comprehensive treatment project.

Objective To characterize differences within facial profile esthetic evaluations among three groups of evaluators and the influences of sagittal or vertical skeletal patterns on facial profile esthetics. Methods A total of 114 silhouettes,from the pre?or post?treatment facial profiles of 57 patients,were scored by three groups of evaluators(professionals,patients'parents,and laypersons)to characterize differences within facial es?thetics evaluation among evaluators. The highest?scoring 30 silhouettes and the lowest?scoring 30 silhouettes were selected as the high score group and the low score group,respectively. Sixteen indices of the relative lateral cephalometric films were measured. Data were analyzed by SPSS 21.0. Results Facial profiles following orthodontic treatment scored higher than pre?treatment(P<0.05). There were significant differences between professionals and laypersons in facial profile scoring. Different sagittal skeletal patterns had no effect on esthetic evaluation ,but lower facial height significantly influenced whether a patient received a high or low esthetic score(P<0.05). Conclusion Orthodontic treatment can improve the fa?cial profile significantly,and lower facial height is the most sensitive index for facial profile evaluation in our study. However,all three evaluator groups have different esthetic standards that don't overlap. Notably,the expectations of laymen are higher than those of orthodontists.

Objective:To explore the clinical characteristics and treatment outcomes of patients with lightning injury on plateau in Tibet Autonomous Region, and to analyze the risk factors for heart injuries in these patients.Methods:A retrospective case series study was conducted. From January 2008 to July 2023, 55 patients with lightning injury who met the inclusion criteria were admitted to the General Hospital of PLA Tibet Military Area Command. The gender, age, ethnicity, time of injury, location of injury (average altitude), activity at the time of injury, the occurrence of thermal burns on the body surface, the occurrence of complication, the occurrence of combined injury, underlying disease or physiological process before injury, length of hospital stay, treatment outcome, and effective rate of treatment were recorded. The patients were divided into juvenile group (11 cases), young group (28 cases), middle-aged group (14 cases), and elderly group (2 cases) according to age bracket, then the gender and ethnicity distribution of patients in the 4 groups were compared. According to the occurrence of heart injuries at admission, the patients were divided into heart injury group (44 cases) and non-heart injury group (11 cases), then the gender, age, ethnicity, average altitude of location of injury, length of hospital stay, the occurrence of complication, the occurrence of combined injury, site of thermal burns on the body surface, and area of thermal burns on the body surface in patients were compared between the two groups. Data were statistically analyzed with Mann-Whitney U test, chi-square test, or Fisher's exact probability test. The multivariate logistic regression analysis was conducted to screen the independent risk factors for heart injury in patients with lightning injury. Results:Among the 55 patients aged 10-68 years, 39 were male and 16 were female, including 47 Tibetans and 8 Hans. There were no statistically significant differences in gender or ethnicity distribution of patients among the 4 groups with different age brackets ( P>0.05). Lightning injuries occurred from May to September, which mostly occurred in June and July. The incidence of lightning injury was higher in Chengguan District of Lhasa City (average altitude of 3 650 m) and Baqing County of Naqu City (average altitude of 4 500 m), being 20.0% (11/55) and 16.4% (9/55), respectively. A total of 96.4% (53/55) of the patients were engaged in outdoor activities when injured, such as grazing, digging Cordyceps, and harvesting highland barley. Among the 55 patients, 46 (83.6%) cases had thermal burns on the body surface, with burn area mainly being not more than 10% total body surface area and burn depth mainly being deep partial-thickness. Fifty-two (94.5%) patients had complications, with heart injury being the most common complication (44 cases, 80.0%). Twenty-two (40.0%) patients had 11 combined injuries, and traumatic brain injury was the most common combined injury. Seventeen (30.9%) patients had 11 underlying diseases or physiological processes before injury. The length of hospital stay of patients was 9 (5, 17) d. Among the 55 patients, 14 cases were cured and discharged, 40 cases were improved, and 1 case died, with effective rate of treatment of 98.2%. Compared with those in non-heart injury group, the proportion of complication occurrence ( χ2=12.28), the proportion of trunk burns ( χ2=5.15), and the average altitude of location of injury ( Z=-2.38) of patients in heart injury group were increased significantly ( P<0.05), while there were no significant changes in the other indicators ( P>0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the average altitude at the location of injury was the independent risk factor for heart injury in patients with lightning injury (with odds ratio of 3.28, 95% confidence interval of 1.35-7.99, P<0.05). Conclusions:Lightning injuries on plateau in Tibet Autonomous Region mainly occur from May to September, with an average altitude of 4 500 m at the location of injury. Patients with lightning injury are injured when participating outdoor activities, and the affected patients are mainly mainly young male Tibetans. Most of the injuries are mild burns. Lightning injuries are complex and have many complications, with heart injury being the most common one. The average altitude at the location of injury is the independent risk factor for heart injury in patients with lightning injury.

Objective To evaluate the clinical effect of alveolar bone augmentation by applying autogenous tooth bone graft material to patients with alveolar bone deficiency in orthodontic treatment. Methods Four patients with a stable periodontal condition managed with fixed orthodontic treatment were included, and the number of graft sites was 17. Cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) showed labial alveolar bone deficiency. The treatment plan included extraction, and the extracted teeth were used to prepare autogenous tooth bone material. The alveolar bone width was measured at the same site at multiple heights prior to operation and at 3 and 6 months post-operation.Results The alveolar bone width was higher at both 3 and 6 months post-operatively (P ＜ 0.05) than that pre-operatively. The alveolar bone width at 6 months post-operation was lower than that at 3 months post-operation (P ＜ 0.05). Conclusion Applying autogenous tooth bone graft material to patients with alveolar bone deficiency in orthodontic treatment can expand the range of tooth movement and result in good clinical outcomes.

Objective:To study the application of three-dimensional(3D) printed individualized tray in impression taken of presurgical nasoalveolar molding(PNAM) for newborn with cleft and palate.Methods:The newborns with unilateral/bilateral cleft lip and palate treated with PNAM during 2015 to 2020 in School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, were chosen. Their clinical materials were retrospectively analyzed. Maxillary impressions taken by 3D printed individualized trays were compared with those taken by modified traditional tray. The indexes were evaluated including the numbers of defects (bubbles with diameter>1 mm and exposure of tray) in each impression; the impression quality grade (perfect 1, good 2, qualified 3 and unqualified 4), and the integrity and legibility of impressions [evaluated by 3 orthodontists using visual analog scale(VAS)]. The date was analyzed by SPSS 23.0. Rank-sum test was used for comparison between groups.Results:A total of 22 patients were included. There were 7 patients (3 males, 4 females, 3-28 days old) in modified traditional tray group and 15 patients (10 males, 5 females, 4-26 days old) in 3D printed individualized trays group. All patients finished the PNAM treatment before repairment of cleft lip. The average treatment duration were 136 days with 131 days in modified traditional tray group and 137 days in 3D printed individualized trays group. (1) The impressions made by conventional method had more defects [6(5, 7)] than those made by 3D printed individualized trays[2(1, 2)]( P<0.05). (2)The impression taken by modified traditional tray was mainly qualified[3(2, 3)scores] and that taken by 3D printed individualized tray exhibited higher grade [good, 2(2, 2) scores]( P<0.01). (3) Compared with modified traditional tray group, the scores of VAS on integrity of impression taken by 3D printed individualized tray were significantly high( P<0.05). Itemized evaluation showed that the integrity scores on all positions except vestibular sulcus had significant difference between groups( P<0.05 or P<0.01). The scores of VAS on legibility of impression taken by 3D printed individualized tray were significantly higher than those taken by modified traditional tray( P<0.05). As for itemized evaluation, legibility scores on all positions except upper frenum had significant difference between groups( P<0.05 or P<0.01). Conclusions:The impression taken by 3D printing individualized tray has higher quality, integrity and legibility.

Objective:To study the application of three-dimensional(3D) printed individualized tray in impression taken of presurgical nasoalveolar molding(PNAM) for newborn with cleft and palate.Methods:The newborns with unilateral/bilateral cleft lip and palate treated with PNAM during 2015 to 2020 in School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, were chosen. Their clinical materials were retrospectively analyzed. Maxillary impressions taken by 3D printed individualized trays were compared with those taken by modified traditional tray. The indexes were evaluated including the numbers of defects (bubbles with diameter>1 mm and exposure of tray) in each impression; the impression quality grade (perfect 1, good 2, qualified 3 and unqualified 4), and the integrity and legibility of impressions [evaluated by 3 orthodontists using visual analog scale(VAS)]. The date was analyzed by SPSS 23.0. Rank-sum test was used for comparison between groups.Results:A total of 22 patients were included. There were 7 patients (3 males, 4 females, 3-28 days old) in modified traditional tray group and 15 patients (10 males, 5 females, 4-26 days old) in 3D printed individualized trays group. All patients finished the PNAM treatment before repairment of cleft lip. The average treatment duration were 136 days with 131 days in modified traditional tray group and 137 days in 3D printed individualized trays group. (1) The impressions made by conventional method had more defects [6(5, 7)] than those made by 3D printed individualized trays[2(1, 2)]( P<0.05). (2)The impression taken by modified traditional tray was mainly qualified[3(2, 3)scores] and that taken by 3D printed individualized tray exhibited higher grade [good, 2(2, 2) scores]( P<0.01). (3) Compared with modified traditional tray group, the scores of VAS on integrity of impression taken by 3D printed individualized tray were significantly high( P<0.05). Itemized evaluation showed that the integrity scores on all positions except vestibular sulcus had significant difference between groups( P<0.05 or P<0.01). The scores of VAS on legibility of impression taken by 3D printed individualized tray were significantly higher than those taken by modified traditional tray( P<0.05). As for itemized evaluation, legibility scores on all positions except upper frenum had significant difference between groups( P<0.05 or P<0.01). Conclusions:The impression taken by 3D printing individualized tray has higher quality, integrity and legibility.

Objective: To evaluate the feasibility and outcome of computer assisted distraction osteogenesis in the treatment of extensive alveolar cleft. Methods: Four patients [1 male and 3 females, aged (15.5±3.7) years] received treatment in the Department of Oral-Maxillofacial Surgery and Plastic Surgery, School of Stomatology, China Medical University from June 2016 to April 2018 were involved in this study. All the patients with extensive alveolar cleft [cleft width (7.64±1.29) mm] were performed orthodontic treatment to expand the dental arch and interdental space between the first molar and premolars. Three-dimensional (3D) model of the maxilla and the osteotomy guider were printed according to the CT data. The fix wings of the distractor were pre-shaped according to the 3D model. The osteotomy was performed at the interdental space and horizontal plate of palate to dissociate the alveolar bone segment. The distractor was fixed on the predetermined position. Distraction (0.4-0.8 mm/day) was performed in 7 days later and stopped when the incision connected with the canine. The distractor was removed after six months. Results: The distraction period was (10.8±2.5) d in four cases. The cleft was completely closed with interdental bone anchored distraction in four cases. The imaging examination in six months showed good new bone structure in the distraction zone and bone connection of the cleft. Conclusions Computer assisted distraction osteogenesis was effective and feasible to close the extensive alveolar cleft and provide sufficient new bone tissue.

The biological samples of oral genetic diseases and rare diseases are extremely precious. Collecting and preserving these biological samples are helpful to elucidate the mechanisms and improve the level of diagnose and treatment of oral genetic diseases and rare diseases. The standardized construction of biobanks for oral genetic diseases and rare diseases is important for achieving these goals. At present, there is very little information on the construction of these biobanks, and the standards or suggestions for the classification and coding of biological samples from oral and maxillofacial sources, and this is not conducive to the standardization and information construction of biobanks for special oral diseases. This consensus summarizes the background, necessity, principles, and key points of constructing the biobank for oral genetic diseases and rare diseases. On the base of the group standard "Classification and Coding for Human Biomaterial" (GB/T 39768-2021) issued by the National Technical Committee for Standardization of Biological Samples, we suggest 76 new coding numbers for different of biological samples from oral and maxillofacial sources. We hope the consensus may promote the standardization, and smartization on the biobank construction as well as the overall research level of oral genetic diseases and rare diseases in China.