0.05). The LDL-C and apoB concentrations in fasting serum in men with 54T allele were significantly higher than those with 54A allele (2.38?0.63 vs 2.21?0.57mmol/L, P

Objective To explore the relationship between intestinal fatty acid binding protein(FABP2) gene G54A polymorphism and obesity,the effect of mutant 54A FABP2 gene on serum lipids metabolism.Methods The total of 84 subjects with obesity and 60 subjects with normal weight were involved in this study.The G54A FABP2 gene allele and genotype frequencies were detected by polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-restriction fragment length polymorphism(RFLP) technology.The automatic biochemical Analyzer was used to detect triglyceride(TG),high-density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C) levels.Results The results of study on FABP2 gene polymorphism revealed as followed:in obese groups,the frequencies of GG,GA,A/A genotypes was 19.0%(16/84),73.8%(62/84) and 7.2%(6/84),respectively;in control group,the frequencies of G/G,G/A,A/A genotypes was 38.3%(23/60),58.3%(35/60),3.3%(2/60),respectively;the differences between two groups was statistically significant(χ2=6.97,P<0.05).In obesity group,the frequencies of alleles were 56.0%(94/168) for 54G and 44.0%(74/168) for 54A;in the control group,the frequencies of alleles were 67.5%(81/120) for 54G and 32.5%(39/120) for 54A;the differences between two groups was statistically significant(χ2=3.92,P<0.05).The plasma biochemical variables results showed as followed:in obesity group,the carriers of A/A homozygous genotypes and G/A heterozyous genotypes both had significantly higher plasma TG((2.36±0.82) mmol/L,(2.06±0.59) mmol/L,respectively)and LDL-C((3.94±0.96) mmol/L,(3.29±0.55) mmol/L,respectively)level than those with GG wild genotype(t=2.206,2.575,2.632,2.278;P<0.05).The level of HDL-C in the carriers of A/A homozygous genotypes((1.23±0.34) mmol/L)and in the carriers of G/A heterozyous genotypes((1.21±0.26) mmol/L) were not significantly different than those with GG wild genotype((1.29±0.31) mmol/L,P>0.05).The carriers of A/A homozygous genotypes had significantly higher plasma LDL-C((3.94±0.96) mmol/L)level than thosewith G/A wild genotype((3.94±0.96) mmol/L vs.(3.29±0.55) mmol/L,t=2.476,P<0.05),but the plasma TG((2.36±0.82) mmol/L vs.(2.06±0.59) mmol/L;P>0.05) and HDL-C((1.23±0.34) mmol/L vs.(1.21±0.26) mmol/L;P>0.05) level had not difference.Conclusion The FABP2 gene G54A polymorphism is related to obesity and lipid metabolism abnormality.The allele encoding in FABP2 gene may be a potential factor contributing to promoting lipid metabolism abnormality.

Objective To explore the value and methods of echocardiographic application in percutaneous left atrial appendage(LAA) closure for stroke prevention in patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation.Methods 6 male patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation were enrolled for percutaneous LAA closure,the mean age was (68.7 ± 5.6) years old,the mean CHADS2 (congestive heart failure,hypertension,age≥75 years,diabetes mellitus,and prior stroke or transient ischemic attacks) score was 3.2 ± 1.0.Rheumatic valvular diseases were excluded by transthoracic eehocardiography(TTE) before closure procedure.Transesophageal echocardiography(TEE) was performed to guide the punctures of the atrial septum and then monitored the operation all through the closure procedure.Diameter of LAA orifice was measure by TEE to help choosing the closure device.Immediate results of closure and complications were inspected by TEE simultaneously.24 hours,7 days,3 months,6 months and 1 year follow-up were performed using TTE.Results All the 6 patients underwent LAA closure successfully.3 LAmbre(Lifetech Scientific,Shenzhen) devices and 3 Watchman(Boston Scientific,Natick,Massachusetts) devices were implanted respectively in the 6 patients.Mean diameter of the LAA orifice was (22.4 ± 3.3)mm,and mean size of the closure devices was (28.0 ± 2.9) mm.2 mm in width residual flow at the inferior edge of closure device existed in 1 ease.No complication was observed.Post-procedure 24 hours and 7 days post-procedure followup showed optimal results in all cases.Conclusions Implantation of both LAA closure devices can be performed with high success rates in patients with nonvalvula ratrial fibrillation,with high risk for stroke,and who either had contraindication or were not willing to accept oral antieoagulation.Echocardiography plays a core role all through the closure procedure and can make it safer and more efficient.

AIM: To establish the fingerprint chromatography of Yujin Injection (Herba Houttuyniae, Flos Lonicerae) by GC. In the paper the authors examine the similarity among standard and sample chromatogra-phies. METHODS: GC was used to analyze the volatile ingredients, SGE 30QC3 colume (30m? 0.32mm? 0.5?m) was used with column temperature from 100℃ to 170℃ with 2℃?min -1 below 150℃ and 5℃?min -1 above 150℃, flow rate at 1.0mL?min -1 and detector temperature at 200℃. RESULTS: Standard fingerprint consisted of 17 marker peaks, the comparison of similarity's RSD to the injection of different batch had no more than 2%. CONCLUSION: According to the selected chromatographic conditions, a good fingerprint of the injection has been described. The method is simple, accurate with good reproducibility. It may be practical for the quality control of Yujin Injection.

Objective To compare the efficiency of compressive bandage dressing and drainage on the blood loss after total knee arthroplasty (TKA). Methods Patients (n=120) who visited Tianjin General Hospital Bin Hai Branch and Tianjin People's Hospital due to varus knee osteoarthritis and underwent TKA were retrospectively analyzed.There are 20 males and 100 females with, mean age was 65.18±6.88 years. Depending on whether placement of drainage, patients were divided into drainage group (60 cases) and pressure bandage dressing group (60 cases). Blood loss, blood transfusion and full blood count (FBC) were all analyzed after TKA in both groups. Results Blood loss after TKA in drainage and pressure dressing group were (1 026.85±274.44),(789.52±251.58) mL respectively. Blood loss was less severe in pressure dressing group than that in drainage group (t=4.938, P<0.01). Allogeneic transfusions were needed in 14 cases of drainage group and five cases of pres?sure bandage dressing group. The circumstances that requires blood transfusion was significantly lower in pressure bandage group than that in drainage group (χ2=5.065, P<0.05). The postoperative limb swelling and postoperative joint mobility did not show statistical significance (P>0.05). Conclusion Application of compressive bandage dressing in TKA surgery is easy to be operate and can reduce perioperative blood loss and allogeneic transfusion incidence.

Objective To investigate the positive rate of microembolic signal (MES) and the related factors,as well as the correlation between MES and outcomes in patients with cardiogenic cerebral embolism.Methods Patients with cardiogenic cerebral embolism were enrolled.The baseline data of the patients were collected and the MES monitor was conducted.The baseline data of the MES positive group and MES negative group were compared.Multivariatelogistic regression analysis was used to identify the related factors of the positive MES.The patients were followed up regularly.The outcomes of stroke at 6 months and recurrent stroke within 2 years in the MES positive group and MES negative group were compared.Results A total of 165 patients with cardiogenic cerebral embolism were enrolled,including positive MES in 68 patients (41.2％).There were significant difference in the levels of brain natriuretic peptide (BNP),cardiac troponin-I (cTn-I),and D-dimer between the MES positive group and negative group.Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the increased levels of baseline BNP (odds ratio [OR] 1.001,95％ confidence interval CI 1.001-1.002;P＜0.001),cTn-I (OR 36.975,95％ CI 1.516-902.0;P=0.027),and D-dimer (OR 1.001,95％ CI 1.000-1.001;P=0.017) were independently associated with the positive MES in cerebral embolism within 48 h after onset.There was no significant difference in the proportion of patients in good outcome (modified Rankin scale score 0-2) and poor outcome (modified Rankin scale score ＞2) after 6 months between the MES positive group and MES negative group.When the average follow-up time was 20.8 months (range,7-24 months),there were 23 patients (33.8％) and 19 (19.6％) had recurrence in the MES positive group and MES negative group,respectively.Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that the recurrence rate of stroke in the MES positive group was significantly higher than that in the MES negative group (log-rank test:P=0.031).COX regression analysis showed that the positive MES was still an independent risk factor for stroke recurrence after adjusting for other confounding factors (OR 0.328,95％ CI 0.142-0.761;P=0.009).Conclusions The positive MES was associated with the increased BNP,cTn-I,and D-dimer levds.The positive MES was not associated with clinical outcomes at 6 month after the onset,but it was associated with the recurrence of stroke within 2 years.

Objective To assess the accuracy of three-dimensional color Doppler echocardiography (3DCDE) for measuring left ventricular stroke volume (LVSV). Methods A total of 45 patients were studied to measure LVSV by 3DCDE and two-dimensional Doppler echocardiograph(2DDE). Full-volume three-dimensional echocardiography (3DE) was also performed to measure left ventricular end systolic (LVESV) ,end diastolic(LVEDV) ,and LVSV (LVEDV-LVESV), which served as a reference standard for comparison. Results Mean values of LVSV by 3DE,2DDE,3DCDE were (79. 3 ± 22. 6)ml, (74. 0 ± 20. 6) ml,(78. 7 ±22. 6)ml. respectively. Compared with LVSV by 3DE,the correlation was excellent for 3DCDE (r = 0.96), good for 2DDE ( r =0.89). Conclusions LVSV measurement by 3DCDE is reasonably accurate. This new technology may be a valuable clinical tool for assessing cardiac function.

Objective The beam data is compared with those obtained from Monte Carlo (MC)simulation and measurement to investigate their feasibility and reliability for X-ray small fields.MethodsThe beam data,including the total scatter factor (Scp),percentage depth dose (PDD) was acquired byneasurement and calculation with the field size ranging from 0.5 cm × 0.5 cm to 10 cm x 10 cm.The resultswere compared and analyzed.Results All the data is most consistent for the fields size of ≥3.5 cmx 3.5cm,but they are obvious different for the fields size of ≤ 3.0 cm × 3.0 cm.The measurements seem toreliable using the chambers of CC04 and CC13 for the fields size of ≥2.0 cm x 2.0 cm.Conclusions It isdemonstrated that the accurate measurements and calculations of Scp and PDD can be obtained for the fieldssize of ≥2.0 cm ×2.0 cm,but they needed morc rcscarchcs for thc smaller fields.

AIM:To study the electrophysiological effects of amiodarone on the pacemaker cells in guinea-pig left ventricular outflow tract under the conditions of hypoxia,acidosis and treatment with epinephrine.METHODS:The action potentials of the pacemaker cells in guinea-pig left ventricular outflow tract were recorded by conventional intracellular microelectrode technique.The effects of amiodarone on the spontaneous slow response potentials were investigated under the conditions of hypoxia,acidosis and treatment with epinephrine.RESULTS:(1) Amiodarone at concentration of 0.1 ?mol/L markedly decreased the rate of pacemaker firing (RPF) and maximal diastolic potential (MDP),lengthened 80% of the duration of action potential (APD80).Amiodarone at concentration of 1 ?mol/L significantly decreased the velocity of diastolic depolarization (VDD) and RPF,the maximal rate of depolarization (Vmax),MDP and amplitude of action potential (APA),lengthened 50% of the duration of action potential (APD50) and APD80.Amiodarone at concentration of 10 ?mol/L led to a significant decrease in VDD and RPF,Vmax,MDP and APA,a notable lengthening in APD50 and APD80 was also observed.(2) Under the condition of hypoxia and perfusion with deprived glucose content for 15 min,VDD,RPF,MDP,Vmax and APA decreased significantly,APD50 was shortened notably.Under the condition of hypoxia,amiodarone at concentration of 1 ?mol/L significantly decreased VDD,RPF and Vmax,increased MDP,lengthened APD50 and APD80 as compared to the cells treated with hypoxia only.(3) Perfusion with pH 6.8 solution for 10 min,VDD and RPF significantly decreased,Vmax and APA notably reduced,APD80 was markedly shortened.Under the condition of acidosis for 10 min,amiodarone significantly decreased VDD,RPF,MDP and APA,lengthened APD50 and APD80 as compared to the cells under the condition of acidosis only.(4) Perfusion of epinephrine at concentration of 10 ?mol/L for 10 min resulted in a significant increase in VDD,RPF,Vmax,MDP and APA,a notable shorting in APD50 and APD80 was also observed.Compared to 10 ?mol/L epinephrine group,1 ?mol/L amiodarone+ 10 ?mol/L epinephrine significantly reduced VDD,RPF,Vmax,MDP and APA,lengthened APD50 and APD80.CONCLUSION:Amiodarone markedly decreases the autorhythmicity of the pacemaker cells in guinea-pig left ventricular outflow tract.This electrophysiological effects were significantly influenced by hypoxia,acidosis and epinephrine.

Over the last decade, chronic critically ill (CCI) has emerged as an epidemic in intensive care unit (ICU) survivors worldwide. Advances in ICU technology and implementation of care bundles has significantly decreased early deaths of critically ill patients, and have allowed them to survive previously lethal multiple organ failure (MOF). However, more and more survivors leave persistent low grade organ dysfunctions, depend on continues organ support, need to stay in ICU, and become CCI patients. These patients experience a persistent immune dysregulation with persistent inflammation, immunosuppression, and catabolic syndrome. Therefore, malnutrition is an important feature of patients with CCI, and nutritional support is a crucial part of their treatment. The main strategies of nutritional support are as follows: providing sufficient calories and proteins with appropriate anabolic agents to promote anabolic metabolism, using immunomodulators to improve immune suppression and inflammatory responses, and supplementing micronutrients to enhance metabolic support. In this review, the nutritional assessment, calorie assessment, protein assessment and other nutrient supplementation (such as β blocker, testosterone and oxandrolone, immunonutrition, vitamins) of CCI patients were reviewed, so as to provide reference for the treatment of CCI.