Neuromuscular junctions were formed in vitro between spatially separated explants of the fetal mouse spinal cord and the skeletal muscle. The interdependence between nerve and muscle and the changes of pre- and postsynaptic structures were observed during the formation of junctions in living and stained specimens. On the 7th day in vitro, the myotube was innervated by the neurite to form a small bulblike ending, and the cholinesterase activity was not observed at the contact region between nerve and myotube. On the 14th day in vitro, the nerve fiber sent out its branches, and the myofibers were innervated by these branches. Except some bulblike endings, some simple arborized nerve endings were also observed on the myofibers. At this stage, the cholinesterase activity began to appear at the contact region between the ending and the myofiber, and the multiple innervation of myofiber also occurred. Sometimes there were more than one nerve-muscle contact on a single myofiber, and sometimes a myofiber was innervated by several axons to form a "mixed-contact" at same place. The cholinesterase activity can only be examined in one of the multiple contacts but it is absent in the "mixed-contact". On the 21st day, both the number and the cholinesterase activity of the endplate were increased markedly. After 30 days in culture, there were intense cholinesterase activities on some endplates which were similar to young endplates in vivo, these endplates were innervated separately by single axons. When the spinal cord and muscle were co-cultured, the differentiation of muscle fiber depended on the innervation of motor nerve, and not on sensory nerve. On the other hand, the growth and maintenance of the neuron is closely related to the presence of the muscle fiber.

Objective To explore the effects of ultraviolet on DNA damage in keratinocytes and to observe the protective role of resveratrol for the cells. Methods Comet assay was employed to evaluate the damage after radiation with different doses of UV rays (UVA, UVB and UVC) of 0, 10, 30, 50, 70 and 90 mJ/cm2, and the effects after pretreatment with various concentrations of resveratrol under irradiation with 30 mJ/cm2. Results UVA irradiation (0 ~ 90 mJ/cm2) had no significant effects on HaCaT cells. However, TailDNA%, TailLength, CometLength, TailMoment and OliveTailMoment showed both UVB and UVC induced DNA damage in a dose-de-pentent manner. UVC was more harmful than UVB at the same dose. Conclusions The DNA breakage induced by UVB and UVC is dose-dependent. As compared with UVB, UVC is more harmful to HaCaT cells. Resveratrol exerts a protective effect in HaCaT cells irradiated by UVB or UVC.

Objective To investigate the clinic application of venturi oxygen therapy heated humidify system on artificial airway management. Methods 30 cases of experimental group used venturi oxygen therapy for humidification and heating, while 30 cases of control group were treated with continuous wet micro-injection pump method for artificial airway care. Humidifying effects, effects of oxygen therapy, incidence of pulmonary complications were compared between the two groups. Results The humidifying effects on experimental group (26 cases) were better than control group (17 cases) (χ2=6.648,P<0.05). The irritating cough (5 cases), airway mucosa injury (1 case) and the formation of sputum crust (2 cases) in experimental group were less than 13 cases, 6 cases, 6 cases in control group (χ2=5.079, 4.043, 7.954,P<0.05). The times of sputum drainage on experimental group was (17.28 ± 5.51) times which was less than (31.22±5.24) times of control group (t=4.312, P<0.01).The effect on oxygen therapy about oxygen saturation in experimental group was 0.932 2 ±0.020 5 when sputum drainage, and 0.982 2± 0.009 4 two minutes later, which was higher than 0.916 7 ±0.011 2 and 0.957 2 ±0.013 6 of control group (t=3.431,6.276, P<0.01). Conclusions Venturi oxygen therapy heated humidify system can reduce the formation of sputum crust, reduce the times of sputum drainage, reduce hypoxia degree and shorten the duration caused by sputum crust, improve the effect of heat and humidification of patient.

BACKGROUND: Osteogenesis-related molecules were detected in osteosarcoma tissues, which have closely association with the occurrence, development and prognosis of osteosarcoma. OBJECTIVE: To study the expression of bone morphogenetic protein 7 (BMP-7), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and core binding factor ?1 (RUNX2) in osteosarcoma cell Lines MG63. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING: A molecular biology observation was performed at the Central Laboratory of Changhai Hospital between March 2007 and November 2007. MATERIALS: Osteosarcoma cell line MG63 was purchased from Institute of Biochemistry and cell biology, ISBS, CSA. METHODS: Cell line MG63 was counted with blood cell counting, inoculated in 100 mL culture flask with density of 1?104/cm2, stimulated at 37 ℃ with 5% CO2 air and saturated humidity. Then adherent cultured with DMEM containing 10% fetal bovine serum. When the cells reached 70%-80% confluency, the cells were digested with 0.25% pancreatic enzyme for 5 minutes, followed by terminating the digestion with adding DMEM containing 10% fetal bovine serum, and passaged at a ratio of 1:3. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The expressions of BMP-7, VEGF and RUNX2 in MG63 were detected by RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: BMP-7, VEGF and RUNX2 were positive expressed in MG63. CONCLUSION: The expression of BMP-7, VEGF and RUNX2 in MG63 was confirmed by gene and protein levels, which suggested that osteogenesis-related molecules may play important roles in the development of osteosarcoma.

Purpose:To investigate the toxicities and res po nse of liver cancers to 3-dimensional conformal radiation therapy (3-DCRT) com bined with Trancatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) Methods :The histopathological confirmed liver cancer patients were treated by 3-DCRT co mbined with TACE, all patients received TACE before 3-DCRT The total irradiati on dose is 50 Gy to 58 Gy in daily fractions of 2 Gy Each planning target volu me (PTV) received a minimum of 90% of the prescribed dose Each mean liver dose not reached 30 Gy, V 30 Gy (the percentage of normal liver volume with ra diation dose≥30 Gy) less than 33% Results:Thirty patients were included in this study including 2 1 hepatocellular carcinoma Survivals at 1 year after 3-DCRT were 76%, with a median survival time of 8 months 2 patients developed Grade 1 acute liver toxi city and one patient experienced Grade 2 gastrointestinal complications No pat ient developed Grade 2 or greater liver toxicity Conclusions:The use of 3-DCRT technique for liver cancer is a safe and efficient method O ur experience indicated the total irradiation dose above 58 Gy is feasible in da ily fractions of 2 Gy, if the mean liver dose did not reach 30 Gy and V 30 G y

Objective To investigate the effect and safety of bronchial balloon positioning combined with autologous blood bronchial occlusion in the treatment of intractable pneumothorax.Methods 36 cases of hospitalized patients with refractory spontaneous were collected as the research object,based on the bronchial balloon positioned upstream bronchoscopy combined with autologous blood bronchial occlusion therapy.The efficacy and adverse reac-tions were followed up for one year.Results In the 36 cases of spontaneous pneumothorax in patients with refractory, 30 patients were successfully positioning balloon (83.33%),6 cases of patients who were not successfully positio-ning,were continued with conservative treatment of indwelling thoracic drainage.In 30 patients underwent successful positioning,autologous blood bronchial occlusion were used,and a total of 24 cases (80.0%)patients successfully reduced bubbles escape;6 patients relapsed,who were continued to retainthoracic drainage conservative treatment. Conclusion Bronchial balloon positioning combined with autologous blood bronchial occlusion in the treatment of intractable pneumothorax has accurate positioning and high blocking success rate,and also is safe and effective.It is worth promoting in clinical practice.

Objective To observe the clinical curative effect of transcatheter hepatic arterial chemoembolization (TACE) in treatment of gastrointestinal stromal tumors(GIST) with metastatic liver cancer. Methods Four GIST patients with 19 lesions of liver metastasis were treated with 2 ～ 4 times of TACE. The diameters of the metastatic tumor were from 2 ～ 5 cm. FuDR, CDDP, EPI-ADM, together with lipiodol ultrafluid and gelatin sponge to from a mirture was prepared for arterial embolization. Results DSA showed abundant tumor vasculature and tumor stain on hepatoarterial angiography. The size of tumor showed no decrease after TACE and lipiodol was cleared away in a short period. No patient achieved CR or PR until two of them received imatinib. Conclusions TACE is not effective in treating hepatic metastasis from GIST shown in limited cases. (J Intervent Radiol, 2006, 15: 283-285)

0.05), but in the HP + group, the D cells markedly reduced as compared with HP - group and showed a significantly difference(P

OBJECTIVETo observe the clinical effect of acupuncture for depression and to discuss its impact on the content of 5-HT in patients with depression.

METHODSEighty patients with depression were randomly divided into an acupuncture group and a western medication group,40 cases in each one. Acupuncture was applied in the acupuncture group,Siman(KI 14),Shenshu(BL 23),Guanyuan(CV 4),Dazhui(GV 14),Yinlingquan(SP 9), Zusanli(ST 36),Taichong(LR 3),Yanglingquan(GB 34) and Jingming(BL 1) were selected, the intensive moxibustion was applied at G(uanyuan(CV 4). Fluoxetine was treated with oral administration in the western medication group. The treatments of six weeks were required in each group. The Hamilton depression rating scale (HAMD) was applied to evaluate efficacy and serum 5-HT was detected before and after treatment in the two groups.

RESULTSAfter treatment,the scores of HAMD were decreased obviously in the two groups compared with those before treatment (scores in the acupuncture group: 24. 48 ± 0. 28 vs 8. 95 ± 2. 24; scores in the western medication group: 24. 14±0. 24 vs 10. 29±1. 30),and the differences were statistically significant (both P<0. 05). Between the two groups,the scores of HAMD in the acupuncture group at the end of the lst,2nd,4th,6th weeks were superior to those in the western medication group (all P<0. 05). The content of serum 5-HT after treatment was increased markedly compared with that before treatment [the content in the acupuncture group: (26. 21 2. 36)pg/mL vs (52. 07 ± 0. 56)pg/mL, the content in the western medication group:(26. 26±2. 31)pg/mL vs (51. 70±0. 52)pg/ mL, both P<0. 05]. But there was no statistic significance between the two groups(P >0.05).

CONCLUSIONThe efficacy of acupuncture for depression is superior to that of western medication with fluoxetine.

Acupuncture Points ; Acupuncture Therapy ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Depression ; blood ; therapy ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Moxibustion ; Serotonin ; blood ; Young Adult

Objective To investigate the regional homogeneity (ReHo) changes of primary insomnia (PI) with cognitive impairment using resting?state fMRI. Methods Twenty-one patients with primary insomnia and cognitive impairment and 25 healthy volunteers matched with age, gender and education level were collected from Southwest Hospital of China from November 2014 to June 2015. Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI), Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), Mini-mental State Examination (MMSE), Activity of Daily Living Scale (ADL), Hamilton depression scale (HAMD), and Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAMA) were conducted to evaluate the sleep and cognitive conditions of all subjects. Independent sample t?test was performed to evaluate the significant difference of neuropsychology scores of two groups. ReHo of rs?fMRI were evaluated and compared between two groups using independent sample T?test, meanwhile, the partial correlation analysis was conducted in ReHo values of different brain regions and neuropsychology scores (age, gender and education level were regarded as covariates). Results Compared with normal controls, patients with primary insomnia and cognitive impairment showed significant higher PSQI score and lower MoCA and MMSE scores(P<0.05). The patient group also showed significant increased ReHo in the left medial temporal gyrus(54 voxels, t=3.14), left inferior temporal gyrus(76 voxels, t=4.80), right inferior temporal gyrus(84 voxels, t=4.30) and left parahippocampal gyrus(301 voxels, t=4.44) (P<0.05) and decreased ReHo in the left superior temporal lobe(79 voxels, t=-3.38), right fusiform gyrus(50 voxels, t=-3.17), right superior temporal gyrus(283 voxels, t=-5.34), right inferior frontal gyrus(56 voxels, t=-3.98), right anterior cingulate(233 voxels, t=-3.91), left parietal lobe angular gyrus(67 voxels, t=-3.27) and superior parietal lobule(65 voxels, t=-3.45) (P<0.05). The partial correlation analysis showed positive correlations between the ReHo values and PSQI scores of the left parahippocampal gyrus (R=0.771,P<0.01), negative correlations between the ReHo values and PSQI scores of the right anterior cingulate gyrus (R=-0.649,P<0.01) and positive correlations between the ReHo values and MoCA scores of the right anterior cingulate gyrus(R=0.555,P<0.05). Conclusions Patients with primary insomnia and cognitive impairment have ReHo alterations in various brain regions. The decreasing ReHo in the right anterior cingulate gyrus can reflect the level of sleep disorder and cognitive impairment, and increasing ReHo in the left parahippocampal gyrus can reflect the compensation of sleep disorders of PI.